KR20110004560A - Method for preparing purified water and purification filter for porous chitosan beads - Google Patents
Method for preparing purified water and purification filter for porous chitosan beads Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1638—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being particulate
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- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
본 발명은 다공성 키토산 비드 정수·정제용 필터의 제조 방법에 관한 것으로, 키토산 분말을 산에 용해시켜 키토산 용액을 제조하는 단계와, 이 키토산 용액을 알칼리용액에 적하시켜 다공성 키토산 비드로 제조하는 단계와, 다공성 키토산 비드를 수세하는 단계와, 수세된 다공성 키토산 비드를 건조시키는 단계와 건조된 다공성 키토산 비드를 필터 여재 층에 적층 배열하여 정수·정제용 필터를 만드는 단계로 이루어짐을 특징으로 한다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a porous chitosan bead purification and purification filter, comprising the steps of dissolving chitosan powder in an acid to prepare a chitosan solution, and dropping the chitosan solution into an alkaline solution to prepare a porous chitosan bead; Washing the porous chitosan beads, drying the washed porous chitosan beads and laminating the dried porous chitosan beads on the filter media layer to form a filter for water purification and purification.
정수 필터, 정수기. Water filter, water purifier.
Description
본 발명은 정수·정제용 필터에 관한 것으로서, 특히 키토산을 다공성을 가지는 비드 형태로 제조하여 정수·정제용 필터 여재 층에 적층 형태로 배열하여 만들어진 정수·정제용 필터를 제조하는 기술에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to filters for water purification and purification, and more particularly, to a technique for manufacturing a water purification and purification filter made by preparing chitosan in a bead having porosity and arranging it in a stacked form on a water purification and purification filter media layer.
키토산의 원료가 되는 키틴은 게, 새우 등 갑각류의 외골격, 곤충류의 표피, 균류의 세포벽에 널리 분포되어 있는 호모다당류로서, 폴리-β(1,4)-N-아세틸-D-글루코사민을 기본 단위로 하여 이루어진 다당류이다. 키틴은 그 구조가 셀룰로오스와 유사하나, 화학적 성질 및 물성은 전혀 다르며, 물 또는 유기용매에 대한 용해도가 매우 낮은 특징이 있다.Chitin, a raw material of chitosan, is a homopolysaccharide widely distributed in the shells of shellfish such as crabs and shrimps, the epidermis of insects, and the fungal cell wall.The basic unit is poly-β (1,4) -N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is composed of polysaccharides. Chitin is similar in structure to cellulose, but its chemical properties and physical properties are completely different, and its solubility in water or organic solvents is very low.
한편, 키틴의 탈 아세틸화 과정에 의해 형성되는 키토산은 회석된 산에 용해되지만, 통상 분자량이 300,000 내지 3,000,000의 고분자 상태로 용해되어 사용되고 있고, 이 경우 점도가 매우 높은 양 이온성 용액이 된다. 이와 같은 키토산은 다양한 분야에 이용되고 있으며, 식품 첨가물, 흡수제, 지방 결합제, 유화 안정제, 중금속 흡착제, 유산균 촉진제, 다이어트제, 항콜레스테롤제, 면역 활성제, 항균제 및 보존제에 사용되고 있다.On the other hand, chitosan formed by the deacetylation process of chitin is dissolved in dilute acid, but is usually dissolved and used in a polymer state having a molecular weight of 300,000 to 3,000,000, in which case it becomes a cationic solution having a very high viscosity. Such chitosan is used in various fields, and is used in food additives, absorbents, fat binders, emulsion stabilizers, heavy metal adsorbents, lactic acid bacterium promoters, diet agents, anticholesterol agents, immunoactive agents, antibacterial agents, and preservatives.
수돗물에는 멸균을 목적으로 0.1 ~ 1.0 ppm 정도의 잔류염소가 용해되어 있으며 이 잔류염소는 통상 NaOCl(차아염소산나트륨)이나 HClO(차염소산 또는 하이포염소산)이 물에 녹아 있는 형태로 존재한다.Tap water contains 0.1 to 1.0 ppm of residual chlorine dissolved for sterilization purposes. The residual chlorine is usually in the form of NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) or HClO (hypochlorite or hypochloric acid) dissolved in water.
물에 포함되는 잔류 염소가 건강에 좋지 않은 것은 잘 알려져 있으며, 특히 뜨거운 물에서는 잔류 염소는 한층 더 강한 자극이 되어 피부나 머리카락을 손상하는 주요 원인이 된다. 물속의 잔류염소로 인하여 피부가 거칠어지고 호흡기관이나 코의 점막을 자극하며, 심한 경우 피부의 가려움을 유발하는 원인이 되기도 하는 문제점이 발생한다. 더욱 무서운 것은, 수돗물에 포함된 잔류염소가 세안이나 입욕 중에 피부로 흡수된다는 사실이다. 물속의 잔류 염소는 발암 물질의 하나인 트리할로메탄을 생성해 유기 화합물이 발생하는 위험성이 있다. 트리할로메탄은 상수돗물을 얻기 위한 할로겐화 처리과정에서 주로 생긴다. 염소로 처리했을 때 생기는 클로로포름은 암을 유발하는 화합물이다.It is well known that residual chlorine in water is not good for health. Especially in hot water, residual chlorine becomes a stronger irritant and is a major cause of damage to skin and hair. Due to the residual chlorine in the water, the skin becomes rough and irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract or nose, and in severe cases, it causes the skin to itch. Even more frightening is the fact that residual chlorine in tap water is absorbed into the skin during face wash or bathing. Residual chlorine in water creates trihalomethane, one of the carcinogens, leading to the risk of organic compounds. Trihalmethane is mainly produced from the halogenation process to obtain tap water. Chloroform, produced when treated with chlorine, is a compound that causes cancer.
여러 나라의 환경 관리기관에서는 상수도 또는 천연 식수 중 총 트리할로메탄의 최대허용함량을 법으로 정하고 있으며, 이는 수돗물 속의 잔류염소 성분과 중금속 성분을 제거하기 위함에 있다. 이러한 유해 물질의 20 ~ 90%는 입욕 중이나 샤워 중 피부를 통해, 또 증발하는 기체가 호흡기를 통해 체내에 흡수하게 된다.Environmental management agencies in many countries set the maximum allowable trihalomethane content in tap water or natural drinking water to remove residual chlorine and heavy metals from tap water. Twenty to ninety percent of these harmful substances are absorbed by the body during bathing or showering, and by evaporating gases through the respiratory system.
기존엔 물속의 염소를 제거하기 위한 수질개선방법으로 탄산칼슘을 이용하고 있으나 탄산칼슘의 경우 물속의 잔류염소 성분을 제거하는 성분이 칼슘 양이 온(Ca++) 1개 분자인데 반하여, 키토산은 고분자로서 물속의 잔류염소 성분을 제거하는 성분인 아미노기(-NH2)가 1,500 ~ 15,000 분자가 있으므로, 탄산칼슘에 비해 1,500 ~ 15,000배 정도로 흡착 제거율이 뛰어나다고 볼 수 있다.Conventionally, calcium carbonate is used to improve the water quality to remove chlorine in the water. However, in the case of calcium carbonate, the component that removes residual chlorine in water is one molecule of calcium cation (Ca ++ ). As the polymer has 1,500 to 15,000 molecules of amino group (-NH 2 ), which removes residual chlorine in water, the adsorption removal rate is 1,500 to 15,000 times higher than that of calcium carbonate.
또한, 키토산은 천이금속과 결합할 수 있는 킬레이팅(chelating) 특성으로 인해 배위 결합을 하여 착제(complex)를 형성하기 때문에, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr 등과 같은 유해한 금속 이온을 포집하는데 사용된다. 키토산은 일반적으로 쓰이는 킬레이트 수지보다 훨씬 높은 분리도를 가지며, 흡착 용량 또한 높아 천연고분자 흡착제로 이용되고 있다.In addition, chitosan is used to trap harmful metal ions such as Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, etc., because they form complexes by coordinating bonds due to chelating properties that can be combined with transition metals. do. Chitosan has a much higher degree of separation than commonly used chelating resins and has a high adsorption capacity, making it a natural polymer adsorbent.
이러한 키토산으로 다공성 비드를 제조하여 정수·정제용 필터 제조에 적용하게 되면 물속에 포함된 중금속이나 무기물, 유기화합물 등의 유해물질을 여과하는 성능이 향상되고 박테리아나 대장균, 바이러스 등의 유해균에 대한 항균성능이 증가시킬 수 있을 것이라고 예상된다.When the porous beads are made of chitosan and applied to the preparation of water purification and purification filters, the performance of filtering harmful substances such as heavy metals, inorganic substances, and organic compounds in water is improved, and antibacterial against harmful bacteria such as bacteria, E. coli, and viruses. It is expected that performance can be increased.
본 발명의 제1 목적은 살균력이 우수하고 흡착 효율이 좋은 것으로 알려진 키토산을 이용해 정수·정제용 필터를 제조하는 방법을 제공하는 데 있다.A first object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a water purification / purifying filter using chitosan, which is known to have excellent sterilizing power and good adsorption efficiency.
본 발명의 제2 목적은 상기 제1 목적에 부가하여, 활성 표면 면적을 증대시키기 위해 다공성의 키토산 비드 정수·정제용 필터를 제조하는 방법을 제공하는 데 있다.A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a porous chitosan bead purification and purification filter in order to increase the active surface area in addition to the first object.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 다공성 키토산 비드 정수·정제용 필터 제조 방법을 제공한다. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing a porous chitosan bead purification and purification filter.
(1) 키토산 용액 제조 방법(1) Chitosan Solution Production Method
본 발명에 따른 키토산 용액 제조 방법은 0.5 ~ 50% 산 용액에 키토산 분말을 소량씩 서서히 분산시킨 후 교반함으로써 시작한다. 이때에 물의 온도는 40℃로 가온 유지하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 발명에 따른 제조 방법에서 이용되는 산은, 통상적으로 식품공학에 이용되는 산을 이용할 수 있고 바람직하게는 염산과 같은 무기산 또는 구연산, 젖산, 초산, 호박산과 같은 유기산을 이용할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 더욱 바람직게는, 염산, 구연산 또는 초산 등을 이용하는 것이다. 교반 후 용해하지 않는 키토산 여과하여 제거하면 0.1 ~ 50% 키토산 용액을 제조할 수 있다. 키토산 용액 속의 기포를 탈포하여 제거한다.The method for preparing chitosan solution according to the present invention starts by slowly dispersing a small amount of chitosan powder in a 0.5 to 50% acid solution and then stirring. At this time, the temperature of the water is preferably kept warm at 40 ℃. The acid used in the production method according to the present invention may be an acid generally used in food engineering, preferably an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or an organic acid such as citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, but is not limited thereto. no. More preferably, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, or the like is used. After stirring, chitosan is not dissolved and filtered to remove 0.1 to 50% chitosan solution. Bubbles in the chitosan solution are defoamed and removed.
(2) 키토산 비드 제조 방법(2) Chitosan Bead Production Method
노즐구경 0.15 ~ 10 mm 구경을 사용하여 키토산 용액을 압축공기로 압축하여 알칼리 용액 0.01 ~ 50% NaOH 수용액을 교반하면서 중화하여 키토산 용액을 적하시킨다. 다공성 키토산 비드 직경 조절은 노즐의 직경과 키토산 용액의 적하 성형률을 통하여 매우 다양하다.The chitosan solution is compressed with compressed air using a nozzle diameter of 0.15 to 10 mm, neutralized with an aqueous alkali solution of 0.01 to 50% NaOH while stirring, and the chitosan solution is added dropwise. Porous chitosan bead diameter control varies widely through the diameter of the nozzle and the dropping rate of the chitosan solution.
(3) 수세 방법(3) washing method
다공성 키토산 비드를 응고액 용액과 여과하여 다량의 증류수로 중성이 될 때까지 수세 한다.The porous chitosan beads are filtered with a coagulation solution and washed with a large amount of distilled water until neutral.
(4) 건조 방법(4) drying method
수세한 다공성 키토산 비드를 동결건조하여 다공성 키토산 비드를 제조한다.The washed porous chitosan beads are lyophilized to prepare porous chitosan beads.
(5) 필터제조(5) Filter manufacturing
종래의 정수·정제용 필터에 필터 여재 층에 제조된 다공성 키토산 비드를 적층 배열하며, 여기에서 다공성 키토산 비드 상은 0.5 ~ 10 mm 인 것이 바람직하다.The porous chitosan beads prepared in the filter media layer are laminated and arranged in a conventional filter for water purification and purification, wherein the porous chitosan bead phase is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm.
본 발명에 따른 정수·정제용 필터는 넓은 다공성 표면적으로 인해 키토산 처리량과 반응속도를 증대하는 효과가 있다. 본 발명은 잔류염소 제거율이 매우 탁월하고, 물속에 포함된 박테리아나 대장균, 바이러스 등의 유해균에 대한 항균 성능이 증가시키는 효과가 있다.Water purification and purification filter according to the present invention has the effect of increasing the chitosan throughput and reaction rate due to the large porous surface area. The present invention has an excellent removal rate of residual chlorine, and has an effect of increasing the antibacterial performance against harmful bacteria such as bacteria, E. coli, and viruses contained in water.
이하에서는, 본 발명의 양호한 실시예를 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
1% 염산 용액 1L에 40℃로 가온 유지하면서 키토산 분말을 소량씩 서서히 분산시킨 후 교반한다. 교반 후 용해하지 않는 키토산 여과하여 제거하여 6% 키토산 용액을 제조한 후, 용액 속의 기포를 탈포하여 제거한다. 노즐구경 0.15 mm 구경을 사용하여 키토산 용액을 압축공기로 압축하여 알칼리 용액 6% NaOH 수용액 2L에 교반하면서 키토산 용액을 적하시킨다. 적하된 다공성 키토산 비드를 응고액 용액과 여과하여 다량의 증류수로 중성이 될 때까지 수세한다. 수세된 다공성 키토산 비드를 동결건조하여 제조된 다공성 키토산 비드를 정수기 필터 여재 층에 2mm로 적층 배열하여 정수기 필터를 제조한다.Chitosan powder was slowly dispersed in small portions and stirred while maintaining the temperature in 1 L of 1% hydrochloric acid solution. After stirring, the insoluble chitosan was removed by filtration to prepare a 6% chitosan solution, followed by degassing the bubbles in the solution. The chitosan solution was compressed with compressed air using a nozzle diameter of 0.15 mm, and the chitosan solution was added dropwise while stirring in 2 L of an alkaline solution of 6% NaOH solution. The dropped porous chitosan beads are filtered with a coagulation solution and washed with a large amount of distilled water until neutral. Porous chitosan beads prepared by lyophilizing the washed porous chitosan beads are laminated on the water purifier filter media layer at 2 mm to prepare a water purifier filter.
<실험예 1: 표면적 조사>Experimental Example 1 Surface Area Investigation
천연 생 고분자의 하나인 키토산은 환경 친화적인 천연다당류로서 표면에 풍부한 아미노 작용기로 인해 저가 천연 흡착제 중에서 단위 질량당 최대의 음이온을 흡착할 수 있는 능력이 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 최근 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 또한, 갑각류 폐기물로부터 대량으로 원료를 공급받을 수 있어 저렴한 비용으로 생산될 수 있다. 그러나 키토산은 불용성 분말 형태이므로 실제 흡착 공정에 적용하기 어려워 비드(bead) 형태로 대부분 연구되고 있다. 따라서 본 발명에서는 다공성 키토산 비드로 제조하여 키토산 분말, 키토산 필름보다 표면적도 넓고, 넓은 표면적으로 인해 처리량과 반응속도 또한 증가한다. 실시예 1에서 수득한 키토산 비드와 키토산 분말의 표면적을 비교하였다. 이때의 표면적 측정장치를 사용하여 측정하였다. 표1은 키토산 분말과 키토산 비드의 표면적을 나타낸다.Chitosan, one of the natural raw polymers, is an environmentally friendly natural polysaccharide and is known to have the ability to adsorb the largest anion per unit mass in a low-cost natural adsorbent due to the amino functionalities rich in the surface. . In addition, the raw material can be supplied in large quantities from the shellfish waste can be produced at a low cost. However, since chitosan is insoluble powder form, it is difficult to apply to the actual adsorption process, and most of them are studied in the form of beads. Accordingly, in the present invention, the surface area is also wider than that of the chitosan powder and the chitosan film by using porous chitosan beads, and the throughput and reaction rate also increase due to the large surface area. The surface area of chitosan beads and chitosan powder obtained in Example 1 were compared. It measured using the surface area measuring device at this time. Table 1 shows the surface areas of chitosan powder and chitosan beads.
시험항목
Test Items
본 발명의 키토산 비드
Chitosan Beads of the Invention
키토산 분말
Chitosan powder
표면적(㎡/g)
Surface area (㎡ / g)
180
180
11
11
위 실험 결과로부터 알 수 있듯이, 본 발명에 따른 키토산 비드는 키토산 분말보다 표면적 16 배정도 크다. 따라서, 본 발명에 의해 제조된 키토산 비드는 넓은 표면적으로 인해 처리량과 반응 속도 또한 증가하게 된다. As can be seen from the above experimental results, chitosan beads according to the present invention are about 16 times larger in surface area than chitosan powder. Thus, chitosan beads produced by the present invention also increase throughput and reaction rate due to the large surface area.
<실험예 2: 염소제거 효과 조사>Experimental Example 2: Investigation of Chlorine Removal Effect
키토산 분자 중 -NH2 기에 물속에 녹아있는 음이온인 염소이온(Cl-)이 양이온인 4차 암모늄염이 형성되어서 항균 활성도가 많이 증가하게 된다. 이하에서 본 발명의 필터가 적용된 경우와 종래의 필터가 적용된 경우에 나타나는 잔류 염소량을 비교한 결과를 나타낸다. 표2는 염소제거효과를 나타낸다.Chitosan molecules of the anion of chloride ions dissolved in the water groups -NH 2 (Cl -) are to be formed are many antimicrobial activity increases the quaternary ammonium cation. Hereinafter, the result of comparing the amount of residual chlorine which appears when the filter of this invention is applied and the conventional filter is shown. Table 2 shows the chlorine removal effect.
○ 유입수 : 수돗물○ Influent: Tap Water
○ 수온 : 20 ℃○ water temperature: 20 ℃
○ 수압 : 1.0 kgf/cm2 ○ Water pressure: 1.0 kgf / cm 2
○ 잔류염소 : 2.0 ml/ℓ○ Residual Chlorine: 2.0 ml / ℓ
시험항목
Test Items
본 발명
The present invention
종래 분말
Conventional Powder
잔류염소(ml/ℓ)
Residual Chlorine (ml / ℓ)
검출되지 않음
Not detected
0.2
0.2
제거율(%)
% Removal
99.9
99.9
90
90
위 실험결과로부터 알 수 있듯이, 본 발명의 필터가 적용된 경우와 종래의 필터가 적용된 경우를 비교하면, 잔류 염소 제거율이 뛰어난 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 본 발명은 잔류염소 제거가 매우 탁월한 효과를 달성할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.As can be seen from the above experimental results, it can be seen that the residual chlorine removal rate is superior when the filter of the present invention is applied and the conventional filter is applied. In other words, it can be seen that the present invention can achieve a very excellent effect of removing residual chlorine.
본 발명에 따른 정수·정제용 필터는 넓은 다공성 표면적으로 인해 키토산 처리량과 반응속도를 증대하는 효과가 있어 정수기 필터에 적용할 수 있다. 본 발명은 잔류염소 제거율이 매우 탁월하고, 물속에 포함된 박테리아나 대장균, 바이러스 등의 유해균에 대한 항균 성능이 증가시키는 효과가 있다.Filter for water purification and purification according to the present invention has an effect of increasing the chitosan throughput and reaction rate due to the large porous surface area can be applied to the water filter. The present invention has an excellent removal rate of residual chlorine, and has an effect of increasing the antibacterial performance against harmful bacteria such as bacteria, E. coli, and viruses contained in water.
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