KR20100134361A - Low silicon-based aluminium alloy - Google Patents
Low silicon-based aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
아연(Zn) : 38~43중량%, 구리(Cu) : 3~5중량%, 실리콘(Si) : 4~6중량%, 망간(Mn) : 0.2~0.5중량%, 잔량의 알루미늄(Al) 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 조성을 갖는 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금이 소개된다.Zinc (Zn): 38-43 wt%, Copper (Cu): 3-5 wt%, Silicon (Si): 4-6 wt%, Manganese (Mn): 0.2-0.5 wt%, Residual aluminum (Al) And low silicon based aluminum alloys having compositions comprising other unavoidable impurities.
이러한 조성을 갖는 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금의 미세조직에는 연질입자(Al, Zn)와 경질입자(Si, Al2Cu)가 균일성 있게 분포되고, 이 중 실리콘(Si) 경질입자는 25㎛이하로 미세화되어 분포되어, 과공정계 알루미늄-실리콘 합금 대비 동등수준의 내마모성이 유지되면서 기계적 성질이 향상되고, 소재 원가의 절감을 가능케 하며, 주조성이 향상된다.In the microstructure of the low silicon-based aluminum alloy having such a composition, soft particles (Al, Zn) and hard particles (Si, Al 2 Cu) are uniformly distributed. It is distributed, while maintaining the same level of abrasion resistance as the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, mechanical properties are improved, material cost is reduced, and casting property is improved.
Description
본 발명은 알루미늄 합금에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 차량용 내마모성 부품 제조에 사용되는 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy, and more particularly to a low silicon-based aluminum alloy used in the production of automotive wear-resistant parts.
일반적으로, 차량에 사용되는 내마모성 부품의 제조를 위해 실리콘(Si) 함량이 13.5~18중량%(>12% 이상), 구리(Cu) 함량이 2~4%인 과공정(hypereutetic) 알루미늄-실리콘 합금이 사용되고 있다.Generally, hypereutetic aluminum-silicon having a silicon (Si) content of 13.5-18% by weight (> 12% or more) and a copper (Cu) content of 2-4% for the production of wear-resistant parts used in vehicles. Alloys are used.
이러한 과공정 알루미늄-실리콘 합금은 조직상에 30~50㎛크기의 초정(pro-eutetic)의 실리콘(Si) 입자가 생성되어 있어 일반 알루미늄-실리콘 합금에 비해 우수한 내마모성을 가진다. 따라서, 이러한 과공정 알루미늄-실리콘 합금은 차량용 부품 중 시프트 포크, 리어 커버, 스와쉬 플레이트 등과 같은 내마모성이 요구되는 부품의 제조에 많이 사용된다.The over-processed aluminum-silicon alloy has pro-eutetic silicon (Si) particles having a size of 30 to 50 μm on the structure, and thus has excellent wear resistance compared to general aluminum-silicon alloys. Therefore, such over-processed aluminum-silicon alloys are widely used in the manufacture of components requiring wear resistance, such as shift forks, rear covers, swash plates, and the like, among automotive components.
대표적인 과공정 알루미늄-실리콘 합금으로는 일본 료비사의 R14합금과, 이와 유사한 국내 개발된 K14합금 및 모노블럭이나 알루미늄 라이너에 사용되는 A390합금 등이 있다.Representative over-process aluminum-silicon alloys include R14 alloy from Ryobi Japan, a similar domestically developed K14 alloy, and A390 alloy used in monoblock or aluminum liners.
그런데, 상기의 과공정 알루미늄-실리콘 합금은 높은 실리콘(Si)함량으로 인 해 주조성이 떨어지는 문제점이 있었고, 실리콘(Si) 입자의 크기 및 분포를 조절함에 있어서 어려움이 많았으며, 내충격성이 떨어지는 등 기계적 성질에 부족함이 있었다. 또한, 일반 알루미늄 합금 대비 높은 가격으로 인해 소재 원가의 지나친 상승을 가져왔다.However, the above eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy has a problem of inferior castability due to high silicon (Si) content, difficulty in controlling the size and distribution of silicon (Si) particles, and poor impact resistance. There was a lack in such mechanical properties. In addition, the higher price compared to ordinary aluminum alloys led to an excessive increase in material costs.
본 발명은 상술한 바와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 제안된 것으로, 과공정계 알루미늄-실리콘 합금과 대비하여 동등수준의 내마모성을 유지하면서 기계적 성질의 향상과 소재 원가의 절감을 이룰 수 있고, 주조성이 향상될 수 있는 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금을 제공함을 목적으로 한다.The present invention has been proposed to solve the problems described above, it is possible to achieve the improvement of the mechanical properties and the reduction of the material cost while maintaining the equivalent level of wear resistance compared to the over-process aluminum-silicon alloy, and improve the castability It is an object of the present invention to provide a low silicon-based aluminum alloy.
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금은, 아연(Zn) : 38~43중량%, 구리(Cu) : 3~5중량%, 실리콘(Si) : 4~6중량%, 망간(Mn) : 0.2~0.5중량%, 잔량의 알루미늄(Al) 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 조성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 한다.Low silicon aluminum alloy according to the present invention for achieving the above object, zinc (Zn): 38 to 43% by weight, copper (Cu): 3 to 5% by weight, silicon (Si): 4 to 6% by weight, Manganese (Mn): It is characterized by having a composition containing 0.2 to 0.5% by weight, residual amount of aluminum (Al) and other unavoidable impurities.
상기 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금의 미세조직에는 연질입자(Al, Zn)와 경질입자(Si, Al2Cu)가 균일성 있게 분포되고, 이 중 실리콘(Si) 경질입자는 25㎛이하로 미세화되어 분포되는 것이 바람직하다.In the microstructure of the low silicon-based aluminum alloy, soft particles (Al, Zn) and hard particles (Si, Al 2 Cu) are uniformly distributed, and among them, silicon (Si) hard particles are finely distributed to 25 μm or less. It is preferable.
상술한 바와 같은 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금에 따르면, 과공정계 알루미늄-실리콘 합금과 대비하여 동등수준의 내마모성을 유지하면서 기계적 성질의 향상과 소재 원가의 절감을 이룰 수 있고, 주조성이 향상될 수 있게 된다.According to the low silicon-based aluminum alloy as described above, the mechanical properties and the material cost can be reduced, and the castability can be improved while maintaining the same level of wear resistance as compared to the over-process aluminum-silicon alloy.
이하에서는 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금에 대하여 살펴본다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings looks at with respect to the low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금은 알루미늄(Al)을 주성분으로 하고, 여기에 아연(Zn) 38~43중량%, 구리(Cu) 3~5중량%, 실리콘(Si) 4~6중량%, 망간(Mn) 0.2~0.5중량%를 첨가하여 용융하고, 통상적인 주조 공정을 거쳐 제조된다. The low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention has aluminum (Al) as a main component, 38-43 wt% of zinc (Zn), 3-5 wt% of copper (Cu), 4-6 wt% of silicon (Si), 0.2-0.5 weight% of manganese (Mn) is added and melted, and it manufactures through a normal casting process.
이러한 본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금은 도 1의 현미경 사진에서 보인 바와 같이, 그 조직 내에 연질입자(Al, Zn)와 경질입자(Si, Al2Cu)가 균일성 있게 분포되고, 이 중 실리콘(Si) 경질입자는 25㎛이하로 미세화되어 분포된다. 여기서, 상기 연질입자(Al, Zn)는 마찰계수를 낮춰주고, 상기 경질입자(Si, Al2Cu)는 내마모성을 높여준다.In the low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention, as shown in the micrograph of FIG. 1, soft particles (Al, Zn) and hard particles (Si, Al 2 Cu) are uniformly distributed in the structure, among which silicon (Si) hard particles are micronized and distributed to 25 micrometers or less. Here, the soft particles (Al, Zn) to lower the friction coefficient, the hard particles (Si, Al 2 Cu) to increase the wear resistance.
본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금의 각 성분의 한정 이유를 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The reason for limitation of each component of the low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention will be described in detail as follows.
상기 아연(Zn)은 38중량% 이하로 첨가되면 연질입자에 의한 저 마찰계수 특성을 얻기 어려워 적정한 내마모성이 확보되기 어렵고, 43중량%를 넘어 첨가되면 모재의 기계적 물성 저하를 가져와 모재의 구조재료로서의 기능이 상실된다.When zinc (Zn) is added in an amount of 38 wt% or less, it is difficult to obtain low frictional coefficient characteristics due to soft particles, so that it is difficult to secure proper abrasion resistance. The function is lost.
상기 구리(Cu)는 기계적 성질의 향상을 위해 첨가되는 것이며, 적정한 기계적 성질이 유지되기 위해서 3중량% 이상 첨가되어야 하지만 5중량% 를 넘어 첨가되면 금속간화합물이 조대하게 형성되어 오히려 기계적 성질을 저하시킬 수 있다.The copper (Cu) is added to improve the mechanical properties, and should be added at least 3% by weight in order to maintain the proper mechanical properties, but when added over 5% by weight intermetallic compound is formed coarse to deteriorate the mechanical properties rather than You can.
상기 실리콘(Si)은 종래에 과공정 알루미늄-실리콘 합금을 제조함에 있어서 는 9중량%까지 첨가될 수 있으나, 실리콘(Si)의 함량이 많아질수록 기계적 성질은 오히려 저하되므로 기계적 성질의 향상을 위해 실리콘(Si)은 6중량%이하로 첨가되는 것이 바람직하다. 하지만, 적정한 내마모성의 확보를 위한 경질 실리콘(Si) 입자의 고른 분포를 위해 실리콘(Si)의 함량이 최소 4중량% 이상은 유지되는 것이 바람직하다. 실리콘(Si) 함량이 상기 기준 범위(4~6중량%) 내에 들도록 조절됨으로써, 실리콘(Si) 경질입자가 도 1의 현미경 사진에서 보인 바와 같이, 25㎛ 이하 수준으로 미세화될 수 있게 되어 적정한 내마모성이 확보될 수 있게 되고, 아울러 기계적 성질도 크게 향상될 수 있게 된다. The silicon (Si) may be added up to 9% by weight in the conventional manufacturing of the over-process aluminum-silicon alloy, but as the content of silicon (Si) increases, the mechanical properties are rather deteriorated to improve the mechanical properties. Silicon (Si) is preferably added at 6% by weight or less. However, the content of silicon (Si) is preferably maintained at least 4% by weight in order to evenly distribute the hard silicon (Si) particles to ensure proper wear resistance. By adjusting the silicon (Si) content to fall within the reference range (4 to 6% by weight), the silicon (Si) hard particles can be micronized to a level below 25 μm, as shown in the micrograph of FIG. This can be ensured, and also the mechanical properties can be greatly improved.
상기 망간(Mn)은 알루미늄(Al) 기지 강화를 위해 0.2~0.5중량%로 첨가되는 것이 바람직하다.The manganese (Mn) is preferably added at 0.2 to 0.5% by weight to strengthen the aluminum (Al) matrix.
한편, 본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금의 경우 높은 내마모성의 확보를 위해 과량의 아연(Zn)과, 적정한 함량의 실리콘(Si)을 함유하기에 다른 알루미늄 합금에서 석출강화를 위해 적용하는 T6 열처리, T7 열처리와 같은 특별한 열처리를 필요로 하지 않는다. 다만, 소재 안정성의 확보를 위해 T5 열처리(200℃±10℃에서 3~5시간 후 공냉)를 행하는 것이 바람직하다.Meanwhile, in the case of the low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention, T6 heat treatment is applied for precipitation strengthening in other aluminum alloys because it contains an excess of zinc (Zn) and an appropriate amount of silicon (Si) to ensure high wear resistance. No special heat treatment is required, such as T7 heat treatment. However, in order to secure the material stability, it is preferable to perform T5 heat treatment (air cooling after 3 to 5 hours at 200 ° C ± 10 ° C).
이하에서는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 효과를 비교예와 더불어 보다 상세히 설명한다. Hereinafter, the effect according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with a comparative example.
실시예Example 및 And 비교예Comparative example
본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금의 내마모성 및 기계적 성질을 확인하기 위한 실시예로서, 주성분인 알루미늄(Al)에 40중량%의 아연(Zn)과, 3.5중 량%의 구리(Cu)와, 4.2중량%의 실리콘(Si)과, 0.3중량%의 망간(Mn)이 첨가되어 통상의 주조 공정을 통하여 제조된 Al-40Zn-3.5Cu-4.2Si-0.3Mn합금을 이용하였고, 비교예로서, R14합금(비교예1)과 Al-40Zn-3Cu-8Si-0.3Mn합금(비교예2)을 이용하였다.As an embodiment for confirming the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention, 40 wt% zinc (Zn), 3.5 wt% copper (Cu), and 4.2 An Al-40Zn-3.5Cu-4.2Si-0.3Mn alloy prepared by the usual casting process with the addition of wt% silicon (Si) and 0.3 wt% manganese (Mn) was used. As a comparative example, R14 An alloy (Comparative Example 1) and an Al-40Zn-3Cu-8Si-0.3Mn alloy (Comparative Example 2) were used.
여기서, 상기 R14합금은 알루미늄(Al)을 주성분으로 하고 여기에 14중량%실리콘(Si)과, 3중량%구리(Cu)를 첨가하여 통상의 주조 공정을 통하여 제조한 것이고, Al-40Zn-3Cu-8Si-0.3Mn합금은 알루미늄(Al)을 주성분으로 하고 여기에 40중량%의 아연(Zn)과, 3.5중량%의 구리(Cu)와, 4.2중량%의 실리콘(Si)과, 0.3중량%의 망간(Mn)을 첨가하여 통상의 주조 공정을 통하여 제조한 것이다.Herein, the R 14 alloy is manufactured by a general casting process by adding aluminum (Al) as a main component and adding 14 wt% silicon (Si) and 3 wt% copper (Cu) to it, and Al-40Zn-3Cu The -8 Si-0.3Mn alloy has aluminum (Al) as its main component, and 40% by weight of zinc (Zn), 3.5% by weight of copper (Cu), 4.2% by weight of silicon (Si), and 0.3% by weight Manganese (Mn) was added to prepare a conventional casting process.
시험예Test Example
시험예로서, 상기 실시예 및 비교예의 내마모성 및 기계적 성질(인장강도, 연신률, 내충격성, 마찰계수)을 통상의 측정장비를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 결과는 아래의 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같다.As a test example, the wear resistance and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, impact resistance, and coefficient of friction) of the Examples and Comparative Examples were measured using a conventional measuring equipment, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
위의 표 1을 참조하면, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금은 비교예1과 비교예2 대비 마찰계수가 비슷하여 동등 수준의 내마모성을 가짐을 확인할 수 있고, 오히려 낮은 마찰계수로 인하여 내마모성이 더 향상될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 실시예는 비교예1과 비교예2 보다 인장강도와 연신률 및 내충격성이 높아 비교예 대비 우수한 기계적 성질을 보이는 것을 알 수 있다. Referring to Table 1 above, the low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention can be seen that the friction coefficient is similar to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 has the same level of wear resistance, rather than due to the low coefficient of friction It can be seen that wear resistance can be further improved. In addition, it can be seen that the Example exhibits superior mechanical properties compared to the comparative example because the tensile strength, elongation and impact resistance are higher than those of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
이상, 본 발명의 특정 실시예에 관하여 도시하고 설명하였지만, 본 발명의 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 하기의 특허청구범위에 기재된 발명의 기술적 사상으로부터 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 본 발명을 다양하게 수정 및 변경시킬 수 있음이 이해될 필요가 있다.While specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, those of ordinary skill in the art may vary the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the following claims. It is to be understood that modifications and variations are possible.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 저 실리콘계 알루미늄 합금의 광학 현미경 사진. 1 is an optical micrograph of a low silicon-based aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
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Cited By (3)
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KR101124235B1 (en) * | 2010-05-29 | 2012-03-27 | 주식회사 인터프랙스퀀텀 | Aluminium alloy and aluminium alloy casting |
KR101488288B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2015-01-30 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Vibration damping aluminum alloy |
CN108070752A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-25 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Aluminum alloy powder and method for manufacturing aluminum alloy article |
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Cited By (3)
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KR101124235B1 (en) * | 2010-05-29 | 2012-03-27 | 주식회사 인터프랙스퀀텀 | Aluminium alloy and aluminium alloy casting |
KR101488288B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2015-01-30 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Vibration damping aluminum alloy |
CN108070752A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-25 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Aluminum alloy powder and method for manufacturing aluminum alloy article |
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