KR20080067554A - 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한연료전지 - Google Patents
백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한연료전지 Download PDFInfo
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 42
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 NH 4 OH Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
Description
구분 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 실시예 4 | 실시예 5 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | |
수소 함량 (부피%) | 10 | 10 | 8 | 40 | 50 | 100 | 10 | |
열처리온도 (℃) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 열처리 하지 않음 | |
질량활성 (A/gPt Ru ) | 59 | 54 | 48 | 42 | 37 | 35 | 35 |
Claims (13)
- (a) 백금 전구체와 루테늄 전구체를 준비하고, 각각을 제1용매에 용해시킨 후 혼합하여 금속염 용액을 제조하는 단계;(b) 상기 (a) 단계에 따라 얻은 금속염 용액의 pH를 소정범위로 조절하는 단계;(c) 상기 결과물을 열처리하여 촉매 콜로이드를 얻는 단계;(d) 촉매 담체와 용매를 혼합하여 담체 용액을 제조하는 단계;(e) 상기 (c)에 따라 얻은 촉매 콜로이드와 상기 (d)에 따라 얻은 담체 용액을 혼합하여 혼합 용액을 제조하는 단계;(f) 상기 (e) 단계에 따라 얻은 혼합 용액의 pH를 1 내지 5 범위로 조절하여촉매 입자를 촉매 담체에 담지하여 담지촉매를 얻는 단계;(g) 상기 담지 촉매를 분리 및 세척하는 단계; 및(h) 상기 결과물을 수소 가스를 함유하는 환원성 혼합 가스 분위기하에서 열처리하는 단계를 포함하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 수소 가스의 함량은 5 내지 50 부피%인 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 환원성 혼합 가스가,수소 가스와,질소, 아르곤, 헬륨으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (h) 단계의 열처리가 100 내지 500 ℃에서 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (h) 단계의 열처리 시간이 20분 내지 3시간인 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (a) 단계에서 백금 전구체의 백금과 루테늄 전구체의 루테늄의 몰비가 8 : 2 내지 3 : 7인 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 pH를 10-14로 조절하는 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (f) 단계에서 혼합 용액의 pH를 1 내지 5 범위로 조절하는 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제8항중 어느 한 항의 제조방법에 따라 얻어지며, 백금과 루테늄의 몰 비가 8:2 내지 3:7인 백금(Pt)/루테늄(Ru) 합금 담지 촉매.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 촉매가 3.856 내지 3.885 Å의 격자상수 값을 갖고, 입경이 2 내지 5 nm인 백금(Pt)/루테늄(Ru) 합금 담지 촉매.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 백금과 루테늄의 총중량이,촉매 담체를 포함한 전체 촉매의 중량 100 중량부를 기준으로 하여 50 내지 90 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매.
- 제9항의 백금(Pt)/루테늄(Ru) 합금 담지 촉매를 포함하는 연료전지용 전극.
- 캐소드; 애노드; 및 상기 캐소드와 상기 애노드의 사이에 개재된 전해질막을 포함하며,상기 애노드가, 제9항의 따른 백금/루테늄 합금 담지 촉매를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 연료전지.
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US9608277B2 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2017-03-28 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method for manufacturing alloy catalyst for fuel cell |
KR20190126564A (ko) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 탄소-담지 백금-전이금속 합금 나노입자 촉매의 제조방법 |
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