KR20070089895A - How to install the anchor and the anchor used according to the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anchor consisting of a longitudinally foldable pipe (1) and an end piece (13) open under pressure, the end piece being provided at an end of the anchor arranged inside the borehole. The anchor is led to a borehole and is enlarged using an internal pressure that does not ground the pipe 1 until the pipe 1 is arranged on the friction pit to form a pit on the borehole. Then, the front end portion 15 of the end piece 13 is separated, and a hard material is injected into the borehole through the anchor to fill the cavity in the end region of the anchor arranged in the base and ground in the borehole, the base of the rock. The pressure in the anchor is increased such that the anchor is fixed and the cavities or crebis are located in the adjacent base. In particular, as a hard material, a hydraulic bonding material mainly composed of cement is used.

Description

How to install an anchor and the anchor used according to the method {METHOD FOR INSTALLING ANCHORS AND AN ANCHOR WHICH CAN BE USED ACCORDING TO SAID METHOD}

The present invention relates to a method for installing anchors, such as ground anchors and rock anchors, characterized by the introduction of claim 1, and more particularly to anchors that can be used in the method as claimed in the present invention.

US Patent Publication No. 4,459,067 discloses a method of the initially named form.

In this known method, an anchor (rock anchor) having a pipe which is folded inwardly in the longitudinal direction is positioned in the drill hole and expanded by increasing the pressure in the folded pipe, so that the outer surface of the pipe is connected to the inner surface of the drill hole. Hold in place to secure the anchor in the drill hole.

In known rock anchors, the front and rear ends of the pipe are closed, so that the end adjacent to the opening of the drill hole (outer end of the drill hole) is introduced into the pipe to allow the pressurized fluid (especially water) to pass through it. Or connected to a pipe.

It is a disadvantage of known methods and rock anchors that they are fixed exclusively in the drill hole by friction and positive locking, but the effects of the advantageous aspects of the injection anchor, such as the compaction of soil and rock, do not occur.

It is an object of the present invention to devise a method and anchor of the first type which can be used in a method which does not have the drawbacks described above, and to provide an anchor which can be quickly achieved and permanently maintained.

This object is achieved by a method having the features of the independent claim on the method and by an anchor having the features of the independent claim on the anchor.

Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention are described as the subject matter of the dependent claims.

The anchors installed according to the method as claimed in the present invention are firmly and permanently attached because they hold firmly against the inner surface of the drill hole, and the walls of the expanded pipes of the anchors that provide secure fastening and friction are soft materials. As well as deforming into gaps, crebis and / or areas having a stiffness, which is compressed at the bottom end of the drill hole by the hard mass to which the soil or rock into which the anchor is inserted is added, in which case the gap or crack present at the bottom of the drill hole. It has the advantage of being filled with this mass.

The anchors claimed in the present invention have been developed from known friction pipe anchors known as " swellex " as known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,459,067. In the anchor as claimed in the present invention, the force is transferred to the substratum by the mechanical (positive locking) connection of the substratum and the substratum.

In addition, the anchor claimed in the present invention has the advantage of being used as a lance for injection for soil improvement. If the soil layer overlapping the open surface or the rock layer in front of the tunnel is affected by the compressive pressure under which conditions the overall stability of the structure is compromised, it is especially at which depth the soil improvement or at which depth the soil improvement starts. It is important.

Within the framework of the present invention, synthetic resins and other implanted materials are used as hard masses, as well as anchor mortar, portland cement, and other cements having small but sufficient particle size.

The hard mass as claimed in the present invention is a hydraulically bonded mass such as grout (selective mixture of water, cement and fine agglomerates, for example fly ash), or mortar (water, cement, house with small particle size). Mixture of monsters) is used. In this case, the process as claimed in the present invention still has the advantage that the interior of the anchor is protected against corrosion by hard mass.

Hard mass is a plastic that is added to the molten liquid and solidified by cooling or curing after displacement by chemical reaction.

The procedure used in the method as claimed in the present invention is as follows.

Drill holes are created in diameter and length in accordance with the requirements for the associated product (anchor). An inflatable anchor is located in this drill hole. If an adapter is used, the anchor is connected to the pump, filled with water, the shape of the anchor is not folded, and pressed until the pipe is smoothly held against the drill hole wall. Subsequently, the shape of the anchor is expanded to fill an irregular state within the drill hole diameter. In a crevis or cavity, the shape of the anchor expands to its maximum possible diameter, thereby forming a mechanical (positive fastening) anchoring, relative to the limited expansion in the regular drill hole. After this is achieved, the pressure is further increased until the tip in the area of the groove intended for this purpose is opened and released at the bottom of the drill hole. While water is introduced at this point, the previously used adapter is replaced with an injection adapter, and the injection material is transferred to the ground surface through a separate tip of the anchor. The grouting material (injection material) is introduced under pressure and the pressure as a result of the friction and mechanical anchor-soil coupling of the anchor, which is to be measured such that the anchor is pressed from the drill hole in the manner of a piston, is captured.

Since the anchor used in the method as claimed in the present invention is at the front end, it has an end piece attached to a provided sleeve connected to, for example, a pipe at an end directed in front of the drill hole, and inside the drill hole. The end piece opens at a pressure greater than the pressure applied when the pipe expands to be positioned against, so that the hard mass is pushed through the pipe and then the open end piece is pressed into the drill hole.

The anchor as claimed in the present invention is supported with its end placed on the drill hole and the anchor plate supported on the soil or rock side on the outer sleeve of the anchor.

The anchor as claimed in the present invention is combined with an injection drill anchor, which has the advantage that the anchor of the present invention promotes loadability and the injection anchor promotes long term loadability.

Other details, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a rock anchor,

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a pipe of the rock anchor in the central portion,

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a pipe of the rock anchor at one end portion,

4 is a cross-sectional view showing an end piece at the front end portion of the rock anchor according to the first embodiment of the present invention,

5 is a schematic view showing a pipe of a rock anchor inflated to contact the inner surface of a drill hole,

6 is a cross-sectional view showing an end piece of the rock anchor according to the second embodiment of the present invention,

7 is a cross-sectional view showing an adapter receiving piece provided at an end of the rock anchor adjacent to the drill hole and provided at an end adjacent to the open end of the drill hole;

8 shows an adapter for introducing a pressure medium which expands the pipe of the rock anchor,

9 is a view showing an adapter for introducing a hard mass into a drill hole,

10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an anchor,

11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an anchor of another embodiment.

Although the present invention will be described below mainly using examples of rock anchors as shown in the drawings, it can be used for all types of anchors used in soil and similar soft subsoils because they form the mainstream as initially named forms. Of course.

The rock anchor shown in FIG. 1 has a pipe 1 with its intermediate region, shown in cross section in FIG. 2. The pipe 1 has a longitudinal fold 3 located inside, and part of the wall portion of the pipe 1 is folded inward in the central region (FIG. 2) exhibiting an omega shape, and the end of the pipe 1 On the opposite side in the region the longitudinal folds 3 fold inwardly to have two wall parts 5 which are flat to each other (FIG. 3).

The ends of the pipe 1 having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 3 are connected to sleeves 7, 9 located over these ends. In particular, the sleeves 7, 9 are connected to the ends of the pipe 1 by means of a weld 11.

The end piece 13 is connected to a sleeve 9 connected to the inner end of the pipe 1, in particular to the end of the pipe 1.

The end piece 13 is closed, but is open at a pressure higher than the pressure required to expand the pipe 1 and is able to be close to the interior of the pipe 1 and the end piece 13. Possible embodiments for the end piece 13 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 as well as FIGS. 10 and 11.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the end piece 13 has a tapered end 15 connected to the tubular portion of the end piece 13 by a groove 17, so that it has a weak portion. When a predetermined pressure is reached in the pipe 1, the wall portion of the end piece 13 is broken at the portion of the groove 17, for example, the pipe 1 connected to the sleeve 9 by the welding portion 10. Is open.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the end piece 13 is made as a pipe having a free end 19 provided with an internal thread. The plug 21 is screwed into the inner screw so that the end piece 13 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is closed. When the predetermined pressure reaches the pipe 1 or the sleeve 9, the plug 21 is pressed from the end 19 of the end piece 13 made as a plug holder, so that in this embodiment, the pipe 1 The inside of is connected close to the inside of the drill hole.

The adapter accommodating piece 31 is connected to the inner end of the pipe 1 together with the sleeve 7 and the end piece 13, as shown in FIG. 7 via the sleeve 7. Is connected to the other end. For example, the adapter accommodating piece 31 is connected to the sleeve 7 by the welding portion 33. The adapter receiving piece 31 is located in the region of the open end of the drill hole to which the rock anchor is fixed. The adapter receiving piece 31 is equipped with a non-return valve 34 which opens to the pipe 1 only in the flow direction to prevent the pressurized fluid and the hardened material from ejecting from the rock anchor.

The adapter 35 shown in FIG. 8 for supplying pressurized fluid, in particular water, into the pipe 1 is connected to the adapter receiving piece 31. Alternatively, the adapter 37 shown in FIG. 9 and used to press in a hardening mass, in particular in a hydraulically bonded mass such as grout or mortar, is located on the adapter receiving piece 31.

The adapter 37 of FIG. 9 is equipped with a quick release coupling 38 to rapidly connect a hose connected with a pump that delivers the hardening mass.

The adapters 35 and 37 are provided with outer screws 39 which are screwed into the inner screws 41 of the adapter receiving piece 31.

For example, a component such as an eye bolt DIN 580 is attached to the adapter receiving piece 31 after the rock anchor is fixed to the drill hole as described above.

As described above, the procedure for fixing the rock anchor to the drill hole is as follows.

First, the rock anchor is inserted into the front end piece 13 toward the drill hole created in the front. Immediately thereafter, the pressurized fluid, for example water, at a pressure of approximately 100-500 bar is screwed into the adapter receiving piece 31 and fed into the pipe 1 through the attached adapter 35. Under the action of the pressure appearing in the pipe 1, the pipe 1 expands because its longitudinal fold 3 is opened such that the drill hole is pressed against the inner surface (FIG. 5) closely to the outer surface. Upon inflation, the adapter 35 is screwed off to remove it from the adapter receiving piece 31 and replaced with an adapter 37 (FIG. 9) which can be screwed into the adapter receiving piece 31. At this point the hard mass delivered from the corresponding pump, in particular the grout or mortar, is forced through the adapter 37 (FIG. 9) under pressure. When the pressure in the hard mass is higher than the pressure appearing in front, when the pipe 1 is expanded by the fluid, it is separated into the end piece 13 by breaking the wall in the region of the groove 17 as shown in FIG. The end piece 13 is opened by the tip 15 or the plug 21 to which a force is applied from the plug holder 19 as shown in FIG. Immediately thereafter, a fluid, in particular water, is used to expand the pipe 1, and the hard mass is ejected from the pipe 1 through the sleeve 9 and the end piece 13 into the drill hole. The hard mass, in particular the hydraulically coupled mass, fills the space 8 remaining after the expansion of the pipe 1 between the rest of the folder 3 and the inner surface of the drill hole. It drills from the front end to the leading crack or fracture surface and compresses material such as rock, stone, etc. in the area around the bottom of the drill hole where the rock anchor is installed.

In a variant, as the fluid supplied through the adapter 35 of FIG. 8 creates sufficient pressure to expand the pipe 1 when the fold 3 opens, the pressure in the fluid rises, thus providing an end piece. When (13) is opened and only the adapter 35 of Fig. 8 is replaced with the adapter 37 of Fig. 9, the pipe 1 having an outer surface is held relative to the drill hole (Fig. 5).

In addition, the above procedure provides the advantage that the interior of the rock anchor, in particular made of steel, is protected against corrosion. In the case where hydraulically bonded masses, of which cement is the main component, are used, an alkaline environment is preferred and advantageous.

With the use of the method and the rock anchor as claimed in the present invention and in combination with the injection drill anchor (so-called "hybrid anchor"), the advantage of the rock anchor expanded using internal pressure to promote strength enhancement and solid seating is hard The mass fills as much free space as possible in the area of the drill hole between the outer faces of the injection drill anchor, punctures the leading crack or gap from the drill hole, and compresses the rock, soil or subsoil around the extremely common drill hole.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the anchor likewise consists of a pipe 1 and sleeves 7, 9 provided at its ends. The sleeves 7, 9 are connected to the pipe 1 of the anchor by pressure and welding. The end piece 31 is welded to the sleeve 7 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, whereas the adapter shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is screwed to the end piece 31. For this purpose, the end piece 31 has an internal screw screwed onto the coupling piece shown in FIG. 8 to expand the pipe 1. Water is added under pressure through this coupling to expand the pipe 1 and eject the tip of the anchor.

The injection adapter as shown in FIG. 9 with an anchor is screwed to the end piece 31 after the coupling as shown in FIG. 8 is removed.

On the front end of the anchor, the end piece 13 is connected to the tip 15 by the weld 10 through the sleeve 9. In the wall portion of the end piece 13 adjacent to the base of the tip 15, there is a groove 17 which is opened outward. Through this groove 17, after the expansion pressure is exceeded, material fracture is induced and the tip 15 is ejected to inject the mass through the anchor via the anchor.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the anchor is likewise fitted to the pipe 1, the sleeves 7, 9 attached to the end of the pipe 1 by pressing and / or welding, and the sleeve 7. It has a screwed end piece 31. The coupling piece 54 provided with the outer thread is connected to the front sleeve 9 through the weld portion 55. In contrast to this coupling piece 54, the coupling piece 53 provided with an inner thread is screwed to an end piece 13 having a tip 15 by welding. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the groove 17 on the base of the tip 15 is open toward the inside of the end piece 13.

In contrast to the embodiment shown in the figure, the tip 15 can be made at a different angle. Of course, an end piece 13 having an arcuate front end (bomb shape) or a flat front end may be used.

In summary, as an embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example as follows.

An anchor having an end piece 13 provided at the end of the anchor, which is opened under pressure with the pipe 1 folding in the longitudinal direction, is introduced into the drill hole, so that the pressure in the anchor is raised, Each time the front end 15 of 13 is separated, the pipe 1 is not folded until the pipe 1 with frictional engagement and / or positive engagement engages the drill hole by applying internal pressure. Because it swells. The hard mass is pressed into the drill hole through the anchor to fill the cavity in the area of the anchor end located at the bottom of the drill hole and the subsoil (soil, rock) to which the anchor is anchored and the cavity or crack located in the edge subsoil. In particular, hydraulically bonded masses mainly composed of cement are used as hard masses.

As mentioned above, the use of the method and the rock anchor as claimed in the present invention and the combination of the injection drill anchor (so-called "hybrid anchor"), which expands with an internal pressure that promotes strength enhancement and solid seating The advantage is that the hard mass fills as much free space as possible in the area of the drill hole between the outer surface of the injection drill anchor, drills the leading crack or gap from the drill hole, and removes the subsoil around the rock, soil or extremely common drill hole. Compress.

Claims (23)

In the method of installing an anchor with a pipe (1) which is pushed into a drill hole and then expanded by using internal pressure and which can be folded at least once in the longitudinal direction, After expanding the pipe 1, the internal pressure opens the end piece 13 provided at the inner end of the anchor, releases the connection between the inside of the pipe 1 of the anchor and the drill hole, so that the hard mass is connected to the pipe ( It is increased until it is pressed through 1), the hard mass fills the gaps and cracks in front of the hollow hole 8 between the front end of the pipe 1 and the drill hole and the drill hole, and finally the hard mass is hardened. Method for installing the anchor, characterized in that. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulically coupled mass is used as the hard mass. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein a hydraulically bonded mass of cement is used as the hard mass. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein plastic is used as said hard mass. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the plastic used is cured by chemical reaction. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein an epoxy resin is used. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein plastic injected into the molten liquid is used as the hard mass. 8. The anchor according to claim 1, wherein in order to expand the pipe 1, a fluid under pressure of 100-500 bar, in particular water, is supplied to the pipe 1 of the anchor. How to install. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the pressure in the fluid added to expand the pipe (1) is increased after expanding the pipe (1) to open the end piece (13). 10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the end piece (13) is opened by a crack in the region of a predetermined point of break (groove). 10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the end piece (13) is opened by pressing from a sealing plug (21). An anchor used when the method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 11 is carried out, comprising an pipe (1) having at least one longitudinal fold (3), the first drill hole being Anchor, characterized in that there is an end piece (13) which is closed while on the rear end of the pipe (1) to be inserted, which end piece (13) opens under the action of the pressure applied in the pipe (1). 13. Anchor according to claim 12, characterized in that on the two ends of the pipe (1) a sleeve (7, 9) is connected closely to the pipe (1). The anchor according to claim 13, wherein the end piece (13) is connected to a sleeve (9) provided at the inner end of the pipe (1) of the anchor. Anchor according to claim 12, characterized in that the end piece (13) on the closed end (15) has a predetermined break point (groove). Anchor according to claim 15, characterized in that the end of the end piece (13) outside the predetermined break point (groove) has a tip (15). Anchor according to one of the claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the end piece (13) has a plug (21) inserted into the outer end (19). 18. The anchor as claimed in claim 17, wherein the plug (21) is screwed into the inner threaded end (19) of the end piece (13). 19. The anchor as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the end piece (13) is a pipe connected to the inner sleeve (9) of the anchor. 20. The pipe (1) outer end of the anchor opposite the end piece (13) is supplied with an adapter (35) for supplying pressurized fluid and a hard mass, in particular a hydraulically coupled mass. Anchor, characterized in that there is an adapter receiving piece 31 for mutually fixing the adapter (37). 21. The adapter receiving piece (31) according to claim 20, wherein the adapter receiving piece (31) supports the inner screw (41), and the adapters (35, 37) having the outer screw (39) are screwed to the adapter receiving piece (31). Anchor. 22. Anchor as claimed in claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the adapter (37) for supplying the rigid mass supports the quick coupling (38) for connection of the transfer hose for the rigid mass. 23. The anchor as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein there is a non-return valve (34) in the adapter receiving piece (31).

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