KR20070016663A - Block-based video encoding and playback method and apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
효율적인 블록 기반 영상 압축 부호화/복호화 방법과 장치가 개시된다. 본 발명에서 상기의 부호화 방법은 수신된 영상을 블록으로 나누고, 상기 블록을 부호화하는데 있어서, 이미 부호화되고 복호화된 이웃 블록들의 픽셀 정보에 기반하여 다양한 예측 모드에 따라 예측 블록을 생성하고 상기 부호화할 블록과 상기 예측 블록의 차이를 계산하여 잔여 블록을 생성하고, 잔여 블록에 대해 주파수 변환을 수행하여 잔여 주파수 계수 블록을 생성하고 상기 잔여 주파수 계수 블록을 양자화하여 양자화된 주파수 계수 블록을 생성하고 상기 양자화된 주파수 계수 블록을 예측 모드에 따라 적응하여 스캔하여 엔트로피 부호화하여 최적의 압축 효율을 갖는 예측 모드와 압축된 영상정보로 구성된 압축 비트스트림을 생성하는 과정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. An efficient block-based image compression encoding / decoding method and apparatus are disclosed. In the present invention, the encoding method divides the received image into blocks, and in encoding the blocks, generates a prediction block according to various prediction modes based on pixel information of neighboring blocks that are already encoded and decoded, and blocks to be encoded. Calculates the difference between and the prediction block to generate a residual block, perform a frequency transform on the residual block to generate a residual frequency coefficient block, and quantize the residual frequency coefficient block to generate a quantized frequency coefficient block and generate the quantized And a step of adaptively scanning the frequency coefficient block according to the prediction mode and entropy encoding to generate a compressed bitstream including a prediction mode having optimal compression efficiency and compressed image information.
본 발명에 따른 영상 복호방법은, 상기 압축방법에 의해 생성된 비트스트림을 수신하여 하나의 블록을 재생하는 데 있어서 예측 모드와 압축된 영상 정보를 수신하여 상기 예측 모드에 따라 이미 복호화된 이웃 블록의 픽셀 정보에 기반하여 예측 블록을 생성하고 상기 압축된 영상 정보를 역엔트로피 부호화를 실시하여 양자화된 주파수 계수 열을 구성하고 상기 예측모드에 따라 적응하여 역스캔하여 양자화된 주파수 계수 블록을 구성하고 상기 양자화된 주파수 계수 블록에 대해 역 양자화 과정을 실시하여 잔여 주파수계수 블럭을 구성하고 상기 잔여 주파수 계수 블록에 대해 역 주파수 변환과정을 실시하여 잔여 블록을 구성하고, 상기 잔여 블록과 상기 예측 블록을 더하여 블록을 재생하는 과정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the video decoding method according to the present invention, in receiving a bitstream generated by the compression method and reproducing one block, a prediction mode and compressed image information are received to determine a neighboring block that is already decoded according to the prediction mode. A prediction block is generated based on the pixel information, and the compressed image information is subjected to inverse entropy encoding to construct a quantized frequency coefficient column, and adaptively inversely scanned according to the prediction mode to form a quantized frequency coefficient block. Inverse quantization is performed on the received frequency coefficient block to form a residual frequency coefficient block, and an inverse frequency transform process is performed on the residual frequency coefficient block to form a residual block, and the residual block and the prediction block are added to add a block. It characterized in that it comprises a process of reproducing.
이에 의해, 영상 정보를 효율적으로 저장, 전송 재생할 수 있다. As a result, the video information can be efficiently stored and transmitted and reproduced.
영상 압축, 인트라 예측 부호, 적응 스캔 Image compression, intra prediction code, adaptive scan
Description
본 발명에서는 영상 압축 부호화 및 복호화에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 종래의 인트라 영상 압축기술의 압축 성능을 더욱 향상하여 부호화하고 복호화하는 방법과 장치이다. 영상은 그 데이터가 매우 방대하기 때문에, 저장 및 전송, 재생을 위해 손실 압축을 실시하여 표현하는데, 가장 최신의 H.264 동영상 표준은 영상을 구성하는 블록의 인트라 매크로블럭의 부호화에 있어서, 이미 부호화되고 복호화된 주변 블록의 픽셀 정보에 기반하여 다양한 예측 모드의 예측 블록을 생성하고, 생성된 예측 블록과 부호화할 블록의 차이를 계산하여 생성된 잔여 블록을 DCT 변환하여 잔여 DCT블록을 생성하고 상기 잔여 DCT 블록을 양자화하여 양자화된 잔여 DCT 블록을 ZigZag 스캔하여 엔트로피 부호화를 실시하여 압축효율이 가장 우수한 예측 모드와 이에 따른 압축된 영상정보로 구성된 압축 비트스트림을 생성한다. 이러한 종래의 방법은 다양한 예측모드에 대해서 공통적으로 ZigZag 스캔방법을 사용함으로써 최적의 압축효율을 달성하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. The present invention relates to video compression encoding and decoding, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding by further improving the compression performance of a conventional intra image compression technique. Images are represented by lossy compression for storage, transmission, and playback because their data is very large. The newest H.264 video standard encodes intra macroblocks of blocks that make up video. Generate a prediction block of various prediction modes based on the pixel information of the decoded neighboring block, calculate a difference between the generated prediction block and the block to be encoded, and perform DCT transform on the residual block to generate a residual DCT block The quantized DCT block is subjected to ZigZag scanning of the quantized residual DCT block to perform entropy encoding to generate a compressed bitstream including a prediction mode having the highest compression efficiency and the compressed image information. This conventional method has a problem in that optimum compression efficiency cannot be achieved by using the ZigZag scanning method in common for various prediction modes.
따라서, 본 발명이 이루고자 하는 기술적 과제는 영상의 압축 방법에 있어서압축 효율을 향상시키는 것을 목적으로 한다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to improve the compression efficiency in the image compression method.
상기 기술적 과제는 본 발명에 따라 영상 정보의 압축 부호화에 있어서, 효율적인 블록 기반 영상 압축 부호화/복호화 방법과 장치가 개시된다. 본 발명에서 상기의 부호화 방법은 수신된 영상을 블록으로 나누고, 상기 블록을 부호화하는데 있어, 이미 부호화되고 복호화된 이웃 블록들의 픽셀 정보에 기반하여 다양한 예측 모드에 따라 예측 블록을 생성하고 상기 부호화할 블록과 상기 예측 블록의 차이를 계산하여 잔여 블록을 생성하고, 잔여 블록에 대해 주파수 변환을 수행하여 잔여 주파수 계수 블록을 생성하고 상기 잔여 주파수 계수 블록을 양자화하여 양자화된 주파수 계수 블록을 생성하고 상기 양자화된 주파수 계수 블록을 예측 모드에 따라 적응하여 스캔하여 엔트로피 부호화하여 예측 모드와 압축된 영상정보로 구성된 압축 비트스트림을 생성하는 것에 의해 달성된다.According to the present invention, an efficient block-based image compression encoding / decoding method and apparatus for compression encoding of image information are disclosed. In the present invention, the encoding method divides a received image into blocks, and in encoding the blocks, generates a prediction block according to various prediction modes based on pixel information of neighboring blocks that are already encoded and decoded, and blocks to be encoded. Calculates the difference between and the prediction block to generate a residual block, perform a frequency transform on the residual block to generate a residual frequency coefficient block, and quantize the residual frequency coefficient block to generate a quantized frequency coefficient block and generate the quantized The frequency coefficient block is adaptively scanned according to the prediction mode and entropy encoded to generate a compressed bitstream including the prediction mode and the compressed image information.
이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예에 대해 도면과 함께 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도1은 H.264 표준의 인트라 압축 방법을 도시한다. H.264 동영상 표준의 인트라 4x4 모드 예측 압축 방법을 설명한다. 입력된 16X16 크기의 매크로블럭은 16개의 4X4 블록으로 나누어지고 각 4X4 블록은 이미 부호화되고 복호된 이웃 블록의 픽셀 정보를 기반으로 다양한 예측 모드에 따라 4X4 예측 블록을 형성하여 압축 효율이 가장 좋은 최적 예측 모드를 예측하고, 최적 예측 모드에 따른 예측 블록과 부호화할 현 4X4 블록과의 차이를 계산하여 잔여 블록을 생성하고 생성된 잔여 블록을 4X4 DCT 변환을 실시하고 양자화를 거쳐 ZigZag 스캔하여 엔트로피 부호화를 거쳐 압축효율이 가장 뛰어난 최적의 예측모드에 의한 비트스트림을 생성한다. 1 illustrates an intra compression method of the H.264 standard. An intra 4x4 mode predictive compression method of the H.264 video standard is described. The input 16x16 macroblock is divided into 16 4x4 blocks, and each 4x4 block forms a 4x4 prediction block according to various prediction modes based on the pixel information of the neighboring block that is already encoded and decoded, so that the best compression efficiency is achieved. Predict the mode, calculate the difference between the prediction block according to the optimal prediction mode and the current 4X4 block to be encoded, generate the residual block, perform 4X4 DCT transform on the generated residual block, perform quantization, and then perform ZigZag scan to perform entropy encoding. A bitstream is generated by an optimal prediction mode with the highest compression efficiency.
도 2는 H.264 표준 인트라 복호 방법을 도시한다. 압축된 비트스트림으로부터 예측 모드와 압축된 텍스쳐 정보를 수신한다. 압축된 텍스쳐 정보는 역 ZigZag 스캔, 역 양자화, 역 DCT 변환을 거쳐 잔여 블록을 복호하고, 상기 예측 모드따라 복호된 이웃 블록 영상으로부터 예측 블록을 구성하여, 상기 잔여 블록과 상기 예측 블록을 합하여 재생한다.2 shows an H.264 standard intra decoding method. Receive the prediction mode and the compressed texture information from the compressed bitstream. The compressed texture information is decoded from the residual block through inverse ZigZag scan, inverse quantization, and inverse DCT transform, and a prediction block is formed from a neighboring block image decoded according to the prediction mode, and the residual block and the prediction block are summed and reproduced. .
도3은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 인트라 영상 압축 방법을 도시한다. H.264 동영상 표준의 인트라 4x4 모드 예측 압축 방법의 본 발명을 적용한 변형을 예로 들어 설명한다. 입력된 16X16 크기의 매크로블럭은 16개의 4X4 블록으로 나누어지고 각 4X4 블록은 이미 부호화되고 복호된 이웃 블록의 픽셀정보를 기반으로 다양한 예측 모드에 따라 4X4 예측 블록을 형성하여 압축 효율이 가장 좋은 최적 예측 모드를 예측하고, 최적 예측 모드에 따른 예측 블록과 부호화할 현 4X4 블록과의 차이를 계산하여 잔여 블록을 생성하고 생성된 잔여 블록을 4X4 DCT 변환을 실시하고 양자화를 거쳐 최적 예측 모드에 적응한 스캔방법을 실시하여 엔트로피 부호화를 거쳐 압축된 비트스트림을 생성한다.실시예로서 H.264의 수평 예측 모드에는 H.264의 Field 스캔 방법을 실시하고 DC 예측 모드는 Zigzag 스캔방법을 실시한다. H.264의 수평 예측모드는 수평 방향으로 고주파가 매우 적을 것을 예측한다. 따라서 수직방향을 우선으로 하는 H.264의 Field 스캔 방법을 사용함으로써, 양자화 후의 zero 주파수 계수들을 스캔후의 주파수 열에의 마지막 부분에 더 많이 밀집시킴으로써 압축 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 3 illustrates an intra image compression method according to an embodiment of the present invention. An example of the modification to the present invention of the intra 4x4 mode predictive compression method of the H.264 video standard will be described as an example. The input 16x16 macroblock is divided into 16 4x4 blocks, and each 4x4 block forms 4x4 prediction blocks according to various prediction modes based on pixel information of neighboring blocks that are already coded and decoded, so that the best compression efficiency is achieved. Predict the mode, calculate the difference between the prediction block according to the optimal prediction mode and the current 4X4 block to be coded, generate the residual block, perform the 4X4 DCT transform on the generated residual block, and then quantize the scan to adapt the optimal prediction mode. A compressed bitstream is generated by entropy encoding. [0049] As an embodiment, a H.264 field scan method is performed in the H.264 horizontal prediction mode, and a Zigzag scan method is performed in the DC prediction mode. H.264's horizontal prediction mode predicts very little high frequency in the horizontal direction. Therefore, by using the H.264 field scan method with priority in the vertical direction, the compression efficiency can be improved by densifying more zero frequency coefficients after quantization at the end of the frequency column after scanning.
도 4는 도 3의 본발명에 따른 영상 압축 비트스트림의 복호 방법을 도시한다. 압축된 비트스트림으로부터 예측 모드와 압축된 텍스쳐 정보를 수신한다. 압축된 텍스쳐 정보는 예측 모드에 따라 적응한 스캔방법에 따른 역스캔을 거쳐, 역 양자화, 역 DCT 변환을 적용하여 잔여 블록을 복호하고, 상기 예측 모드에 따라 복호된 이웃 블록 영상으로부터 예측 블록을 구성하여, 상기 잔여 블록과 상기 예측 블록을 합하여 생성된 블록을 재생한다.4 illustrates a method of decoding an image compressed bitstream according to the present invention of FIG. 3. Receive the prediction mode and the compressed texture information from the compressed bitstream. The compressed texture information undergoes inverse scanning according to a scanning method adapted to a prediction mode, decodes the residual block by applying inverse quantization and inverse DCT transform, and constructs a prediction block from the neighboring block image decoded according to the prediction mode. The block generated by adding the residual block and the prediction block is reproduced.
본 방법은 H.264 동영상 표준 기술에 신택스 변경을 전혀 하지 않고 간단한 의미 변경으로 적용하여 실시할 수 있다. 현재는 모든 인트라 예측 모드에 대해 Zigzag 스캔을 하도록 되어 있는데, 인트라 예측 모드에 따라 정해진 스캔방법을 사용하도록 변경하는 것에 의해 달성된다. 예를 들어 인트라 예측 모드가 수평 예측일 경우 Field 스캔방법을 사용하는 것이다. This method can be implemented by applying a simple meaning change to the H.264 video standard technology without any syntax change. Currently, Zigzag scan is performed for all intra prediction modes, which is achieved by changing to use a scan method determined according to the intra prediction mode. For example, if the intra prediction mode is horizontal prediction, the field scan method is used.
한편, 전술한 영상 부호화 및 재생 방법은 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 작성 가능하다. 상기 프로그램을 구성하는 코드들 및 코드 세그먼트들은 당해 분야의 컴퓨터 프로그래머에 의하여 용이하게 추론될 수 있다. 또한, 상기 프로그램은 컴퓨터가 읽을 수 있는 정보저장매체(computer readable media)에 저장되고, 컴퓨터에 의하여 읽혀지고 실행됨으로써 멀티미디어 데이터 재생방법을 구현한다. 상기 정보저장매체는 자기 기록매체, 광 기록매체, 및 캐리어 웨이브 매체를 포함한다.Meanwhile, the above-described video encoding and reproducing method can be created by a computer program. Codes and code segments constituting the program can be easily inferred by a computer programmer in the art. In addition, the program is stored in a computer readable media (computer readable media), and read and executed by a computer to implement a method of multimedia data reproduction. The information storage medium includes a magnetic recording medium, an optical recording medium, and a carrier wave medium.
이제까지 본 발명에 대하여 그 바람직한 실시예들을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명이 본 발명의 본질적인 특성에서 벗어나지 않는 범위에서 변형된 형태로 구현될 수 있음을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 개시된 실시예들은 한정적인 관점이 아니라 설명적인 관점에서 고려되어야 한다. 본 발명의 범위는 전술한 설명이 아니라 특허청구범위에 나타나 있으며, 그와 동등한 범위 내에 있는 모든 차이점은 본 발명에 포함된 것으로 해석되어야 할 것이다.So far I looked at the center of the preferred embodiment for the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The scope of the present invention is shown in the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.
전술한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따르면, 영상의 압축 효율을 향상하여 효율적인 저장, 전송 재생을 할 수 있다. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the compression efficiency of the image and to efficiently store and transmit and reproduce.
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| WO2010090484A3 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-11-18 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | Video encoding method and apparatus using low-complexity frequency transformation, and video decoding method and apparatus |
| WO2012033344A3 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-06-28 | 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for encoding/decoding images using the effective selection of an intra-prediction mode group |
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