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KR20040022804A - Method of made a porcelain enamel ink for glass - Google Patents

Method of made a porcelain enamel ink for glass Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20040022804A
KR20040022804A KR1020020054334A KR20020054334A KR20040022804A KR 20040022804 A KR20040022804 A KR 20040022804A KR 1020020054334 A KR1020020054334 A KR 1020020054334A KR 20020054334 A KR20020054334 A KR 20020054334A KR 20040022804 A KR20040022804 A KR 20040022804A
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Prior art keywords
printing
glaze
glass
ink
weight
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Korean (ko)
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박준영
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박준영
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Priority to KR1020020054334A priority Critical patent/KR20040022804A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/14Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
    • C03C8/20Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/26Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
    • B41M1/34Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on glass or ceramic surfaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/04Opacifiers, e.g. fluorides or phosphates; Pigments
    • C03C1/06Opacifiers, e.g. fluorides or phosphates; Pigments to produce non-uniformly pigmented, e.g. speckled, marbled, or veined products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C03C8/10Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
    • C03C8/12Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/14Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
    • C03C8/16Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/43Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
    • C03C2217/46Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
    • C03C2217/48Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
    • C03C2217/485Pigments

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 그라스 인쇄용 법랑잉크의 제법에 관한 것으로 이산화규소, 산화납, 소다회, 탄산리튬, 초석, 안티몬, 카드늄, 티타늄, 초산가리의 조성물을 1300℃로 용해한 다음 내각수에 떨어뜨려 굵은 소금과 같은 백색덩어리의 유약을 제조하는 제1공정과, 유약 60-65% : 물 40-35%의 배합비율로 혼합하여 볼밀에 의하여 250-450메쉬로 분쇄하여 곤죽상태의 슬립을 제조하는 제2공정과 상기 슬립에 안료를 가하여 유약인쇄잉크를 제조하여 각종 건축자재의 유리판에 각종 색상의 그림과 문자를 통상의 인쇄기법으로 인쇄한 다음 540-570℃로 소성하는 제3공정의 결합으로 법랑의 그라스 인쇄물을 얻는것을 특징으로 하는 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing enamel ink for printing glass, dissolving the composition of silicon dioxide, lead oxide, soda ash, lithium carbonate, salt stone, antimony, cadmium, titanium, and ferric acetate at 1300 ° C. and dropping it in a cabinet water such as coarse salt. The first step of producing glaze of white mass, the glaze 60-65%: The second step of producing a slip of the grind state by mixing in a blending ratio of 40-35% of water and crushed into 250-450 mesh by a ball mill; Pigment is applied to the slip to produce glaze printing ink, and the printing of various colors on the glass plates of various building materials is printed by the usual printing technique, and then combined with the third process of firing at 540-570 ° C. It is characterized by getting.

Description

그라스 인쇄용 법랑잉크의 제법{METHOD OF MADE A PORCELAIN ENAMEL INK FOR GLASS}The manufacturing method of enamel ink for glass printing {METHOD OF MADE A PORCELAIN ENAMEL INK FOR GLASS}

본 발명은 그라스 인쇄용 법랑잉크의 제법에 관한 것이다.This invention relates to the manufacturing method of the enamel ink for glass printing.

종래 건축의 미장용 내장재는 내장재 조성물에 각종 색상물질을 배합하여 인조대리석 무늬를 표현하거나 스크린 인쇄로 각종 문양을 하였다. 최근에는 유리판을 외벽재로 사용하고 있으나 유리판은 명성에 의한 채광 이외에는 단순하여 건축물의 심미감이 부족한데 반하여, 생활수준과 경제적 능력의 향상에 따라 건축물의 외장재나 내장재의 높은 미감을 원하고 있는 실정에 있다.Plastering interior materials of the conventional architecture by mixing various color materials in the interior material composition to express the artificial marble pattern or various patterns by screen printing. Recently, glass plate is used as exterior wall material, but glass plate is simple except light due to fame, and lacks aesthetic sense of building, but it is in a situation where high aesthetic sense of building exterior material and interior material is desired according to improvement of living standard and economic ability. .

본 발명의 목적은 유리판에 각종 색상의 법랑 잉크로 문양과 도형을 인쇄하여 저온소성하므로서 색상이 영롱하고 영구히 변하지 않는 아름다운 건축재로 유용하게 사용할 수 있게 제공하려는데 있다.It is an object of the present invention to provide a beautiful building material that does not change color permanently and is permanently printed at low temperature by printing patterns and shapes with enamel ink of various colors on a glass plate.

본 발명은 이산화규소, 산화납, 소다회, 탄산리튬, 초석, 안티몬, 카드늄, 티타늄, 초산가리의 조성물을 1300℃로 용해한 다음 냉각수에 떨어뜨려 굵은 소금과 같은 백색덩어리의 유약(flit)을 제조하는 제1공정과, 유약60-65% : 물 40-35%의 배합비율로 혼합하여 볼밀에 의하여 250-450메쉬로 분쇄하여 곤죽상태의 슬립(slip)을 제조하는 제2공정과 상기 슬립에 안료를 가하여 유약인쇄잉크를 제조하여 각종 건축자재의 유리판에 각종 색상의 그림과 문자를 통상의 인쇄기법으로 인쇄한 다음 540-570℃로 소성하는 제3공정의 결합으로 법랑의 그라스 인쇄물을 얻는 것을 특징으로 하는 것이다.The present invention is to dissolve the composition of silicon dioxide, lead oxide, soda ash, lithium carbonate, salt stone, antimony, cadmium, titanium, ferric acetate at 1300 ℃ and drop in a cool water to prepare a glaze of white chunks such as coarse salt The first step, glaze 60-65%: water at a mixing ratio of 40-35% mixed with a ball mill to 250-450 mesh to prepare a slip of the gruel (Slip) and the pigment on the slip It is possible to produce glaze printing ink by printing various colors of pictures and characters on glass plates of various building materials by the usual printing technique, and then obtain the glass print of enamel by the combination of the third process of firing at 540-570 ℃. It is to be done.

제1공정에서 제조된 유약은 납성분이 다량으로 함유된 저온도로 소성되는 프리트(flit)로서 600℃이하의 온도에서 소성하는 알루미늄 제품의 유약으로 적용할 수 있으나 본 발명에서는 유약잉크제조의 출발물질이 되는 것이다.The glaze prepared in the first step is a frit fired at a low temperature containing a large amount of lead, and can be applied as a glaze of an aluminum product fired at a temperature of 600 ° C. or lower. It will be.

또한 제2공정에서 제조되는 슬립(slip)은 인쇄성이 가장 적합한 유약 성분의 미립자로 분쇄된 곤죽으로서 그 자체의 점성만으로 별도의 첨가물 없이 인쇄잉크로서 기능을 발휘할 수 있다. 본 발명의 유약으로 된 슬립잉크로 인쇄하는 기법은 다양하지만 주로 스크린 인쇄, 그라비아 인쇄, 스프레이기법, 붓을 사용하여 그리는데 적합하다.In addition, the slip produced in the second process is a grind crushed into fine particles of the glaze component that is most suitable for printability, and can function as a printing ink without any additives only by its viscosity. The technique of printing with the slip ink with the glaze of the present invention is various, but is mainly suitable for drawing using screen printing, gravure printing, spray technique, and brush.

또한 제3공정에서 대형 유리판에 각종 색상의 유약잉크로 아름다운 무늬 또는 문자 그림등을 인쇄한 후에 540-570℃로 소성하면 유리판에 유약의 광물질이 일체로 융착되어 퇴색이나 탈색이 없이 색상이 영롱하고 영구불변의 아름다운 심미감을 유지하게 되어 지금까지의 단순한 투명유리판에 비하여 건축물의 내장재 또는 외장재로서 보다 유용하게 사용할 수 있고 건축물의 외관이나 내부가 더욱 아름답게 된다.In the third process, after printing beautiful patterns or letter pictures with various colors of glaze ink on the large glass plate and firing them at 540-570 ℃, the minerals of the glaze are fused together on the glass plate so that the color is bright without fading or discoloration. Permanent beautiful aesthetics can be maintained, so that it can be more usefully used as interior materials or exterior materials of buildings than simple transparent glass plates, and the exterior and interior of buildings are more beautiful.

본 발명의 한 실시예를 들어 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail as follows.

제1공정 유약의 제조Preparation of the first step glaze

이산화규소(SiO2) 28. 5중량%. 산화납(Pb3O4)32.6중량%, 소다회(Na2O3) 16.6중량% , 탄산리튬(Li2CO3)4.5중량%, 초석(NaNO3)4.6%, 안티몬(SbCl) 0.8중량%, 카드늄(K2Cd)0.6중량%, 티타늄(TiO2) 7.5중량%, 초산가리(KNO3) 4.3중량%를 교반통에 넣어 기계적으로 교반하여 충분히 혼합한 다음 1300℃의 온도로 용해시킨다. 용해가 완료된 상태에서 이를 냉각수에 떨어뜨려 급냉시킨다. 급냉과정에서 파열되어 굵은 소금과 같은 백색덩어리, 즉 유약(Frit)을 얻는다. 상기 유약은 540-570℃의 온도에서 용융되는 저온 유약이다. 상기 유약은 본 발명의 유약잉크의 출발물질이 된다.Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) 28. 5% by weight. Lead oxide (Pb 3 O 4 ) 32.6% by weight, soda ash (Na 2 O 3 ) 16.6% by weight, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) 4.5% by weight, cornerstone (NaNO 3 ) 4.6%, antimony (SbCl) 0.8% by weight, 0.6% by weight of cadmium (K 2 Cd), 7.5% by weight of titanium (TiO 2 ) and 4.3% by weight of nitric acid (KNO 3) are added to a stirring vessel, and mechanically stirred to be sufficiently mixed, followed by dissolution at a temperature of 1300 ° C. After dissolution is completed, it is quenched by dropping it in cooling water. It ruptures during the quenching process to yield white chunks of coarse salt, or frit. The glaze is a low temperature glaze that melts at a temperature of 540-570 ° C. The glaze becomes the starting material of the glaze ink of the present invention.

제2공정 슬립의 제조Preparation of the Second Process Slip

제1공정에서 제조된 유약덩어리를 볼밀에 의하여 분쇄한다. 분쇄시에 유약60-65중량% : 물 40-35중량%를 배합하여 분쇄하며 분쇄됨에 따라 곤죽이 된다. 분쇄입도는 250-450메쉬로 하며, 이는 인쇄성이 가장 적합한 입도이다. 이 곤죽의 슬립에 원하는 색상의 안료를 가하여 유약잉크를 제조한다.The glaze mass produced in the first step is ground by a ball mill. Glaze 60-65% by weight: 40-35% by weight of water is blended to form a grind as it is ground. Grinding particle size is 250-450 mesh, which is the most suitable particle size for printing. A glaze ink is prepared by adding a pigment of a desired color to the slip of the jigsaw.

제3공정 인쇄방법Third process printing method

제2공정에서 제조되는 슬립으로 된 인쇄잉크를 사용하여 유리판에 각종 문양, 문자, 그림등을 인쇄한다. 유리는 일반유리, 강화유리, 특수유리, 평면유리, 곡면유리, 투명성 유리, 반투명성 유리등 건축재로 사용되는 모든 유리소재가 적용된다. 인쇄기법은 통상적인 것으로 가장 보편적인 것이 스크린 인쇄, 그라비아인쇄, 스프레이기법, 붓을 사용하여 그리는것 등을 포함한다. 또한 단색인쇄 및 다색인쇄가 포함된다.Various patterns, texts and pictures are printed on the glass plate by using the printing ink of slip produced in the second process. Glass is applied to all glass materials used as building materials such as general glass, tempered glass, special glass, flat glass, curved glass, transparent glass, and translucent glass. Printing techniques are conventional and the most common include screen printing, gravure printing, spraying, painting with a brush, and the like. It also includes monochromatic and polychromatic printing.

유리판에 인쇄된 유약잉크는 상온에서 건조시킨 다음 540-570℃온도의 소성로에 통과시키어 유리면에 유약잉크가 융착되게 하여 본 발명의 유약의 잉크로 인쇄된 유리건축재를 얻는다.The glaze ink printed on the glass plate is dried at room temperature and then passed through a firing furnace at a temperature of 540-570 ° C. so that the glaze ink is fused to the glass surface to obtain a glass building material printed with the ink of the glaze of the present invention.

본 발명의 유리건축재는 각종 색상으로 인쇄되어 있고 가열에 의하여 유약잉크가 유리판에 융착되어 있기 때문에 건축물의 외장재 또는 내장재로 사용한 경우 외관이 미려하고 색상이 영롱하며 장기간에 걸쳐 태양광선에 조사되어도 색상의 퇴색이나 변색의 현상이 없이 도자기의 문양처럼 영구불변하게 유지된다.Since the glass building material of the present invention is printed in various colors and the glaze ink is fused to the glass plate by heating, when used as an exterior material or interior material of a building, the appearance is beautiful, the color is bright, and even when irradiated with sunlight for a long time, Without fading or discoloration, it remains permanent like the pattern of porcelain.

본 발명은 저온 용융성 유약으로부터 유리판 인쇄잉크를 제조하여 각종 색상으로 인쇄하여 소성하였기 때문에 유리판의 단순성으로부터 화려한 문양이나 색상으로 건축미를 보다 높일 수 있고 그 용도범위가 넓어서 외장재 내장재를 비롯하여 일반 가구, 백화점의 쇼케이스, 야간 신호판 기타 여러가지 용도로 이용할 수 있다.According to the present invention, glass plate printing ink is manufactured from low temperature melt glaze and printed and printed in various colors so that the beauty of the glass plate can be increased from the simplicity of the glass plate to the colorful pattern or color, and its application range is wide, so that it can be used for interior furniture, department stores, etc. It can be used for showcases, night signs, and many other uses.

또한 광물질의 소성에 의하여 표현되기 때문에 장기간에 걸쳐 태양광에 조사되어도 잉크의 색상이 퇴색이나 변색이 없고 유리판과 일체로 융착되어 있기 때문에 탈락현상이 없으며 항상 선명한 색상을 유지하여 건축소재로 사용하였을 경우 건축의 심미감을 보다 높일 수 있고 유리판의 용도적 효용성을 보다 높일 수 있는여러가지 효과가 있다.In addition, since it is expressed by the plasticity of minerals, even if it is irradiated with sunlight for a long time, the color of the ink does not fade or discolor and it is fused together with the glass plate so that there is no dropout phenomenon and it is always used to be a building material by maintaining vivid colors. There are various effects that can enhance the aesthetics of the building and increase the usefulness of the glass plate.

Claims (2)

이산화규소, 산화납, 소다회, 탄산리튬, 초석, 안티몬, 카드늄, 티타늄, 초산가리의 조성물을 1300℃로 용해한 다음 냉각수에 떨어뜨려 굵은 소금과 같은 백색덩어리의 유약을 제조하는 제1공정과, 유약 60-65% : 물 40-35%의 중량비로 혼합하여 볼밀에 의하여 250-450메쉬로 분쇄하여 곤죽상태의 슬립을 제조하는 제2공정과, 상기 슬립에 안료를 가하여 유약인쇄잉크를 제조하여 각종 건축자재의 유리판에 각종 색상의 그림과 문자를 통상의 인쇄기법으로 인쇄한 다음 540-570℃로 소성하는 제3공정의 결합으로 된 것을 특징으로 하는 그라스인쇄용 법랑잉크의 제법.The first process of dissolving a composition of silicon dioxide, lead oxide, soda ash, lithium carbonate, salt stone, antimony, cadmium, titanium, and oxyacetate at 1300 ° C. and dropping it in cooling water to prepare a glaze of a white mass such as coarse salt. 60-65%: The second step of producing a slip of the grind state by mixing in a weight ratio of water 40-35% and pulverized to 250-450 mesh by a ball mill, and adding a pigment to the slip to produce a glaze printing ink A method for producing enamel ink for glass printing, comprising a combination of a third process of printing pictures and characters of various colors on a glass plate of building materials by a conventional printing method and then firing at 540-570 ° C. 제1항에 있어서 제1공정의 유약의 조성은, 이산화규소(SiO2) 28. 5중량%. 산화납(Pb3O4)32.6중량%, 소다회(Na2O3) 16.6중량% , 탄산리튬(Li2CO3) 4.5중량%, 초석(NaNO3) 4.6%, 안티몬(SbCl) 0.8중량%, 카드늄(K2Cd) 0.6중량%, 티타늄(TiO2) 7.5중량%, 초산가리(KNO3) 4.3중량%로 조성된 그라스인쇄용 법랑잉크의 제법.The composition of the glaze of the first step is 28. 5% by weight of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). Lead oxide (Pb 3 O 4 ) 32.6% by weight, soda ash (Na 2 O 3 ) 16.6% by weight, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) 4.5% by weight, cornerstone (NaNO 3 ) 4.6%, antimony (SbCl) 0.8% by weight, A method for producing enameled ink for glass printing, comprising 0.6 wt% of cadmium (K 2 Cd), 7.5 wt% of titanium (TiO 2 ), and 4.3 wt% of nitric acetate (KNO 3).
KR1020020054334A 2002-09-09 2002-09-09 Method of made a porcelain enamel ink for glass Ceased KR20040022804A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100853836B1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-09-03 (주)천우테크 Crystal Marking Powder
CN104030552A (en) * 2014-06-16 2014-09-10 广东顺德汇德隆新型材料有限公司 Production process for three-dimensional art glass
EP2843011A4 (en) * 2012-04-24 2015-09-23 Esmalglass Sau Digital enamel ink
CN109181395A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-11 李小鹏 A kind of vitreous enamel compo, release film and pattern treatment technique

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KR830007454A (en) * 1980-10-07 1983-10-21 글렌 에이취.브루스틀 Improved excess glaze ink
KR950012487B1 (en) * 1993-01-12 1995-10-18 정광산업주식회사 Manufacturing method of aluminum enamel
KR19980026990A (en) * 1996-10-14 1998-07-15 전승모 Aluminum enamel and its manufacturing method
KR19980082382A (en) * 1997-05-06 1998-12-05 박정원 Composition of Enamel Glaze for Aluminum Material
KR20010085168A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-09-07 박정원 Process for producing enamel for coating aluminum ware
JP2001316129A (en) * 2000-02-23 2001-11-13 Kawasaki Steel Corp Frit composition for enamel and enamel product

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR830007454A (en) * 1980-10-07 1983-10-21 글렌 에이취.브루스틀 Improved excess glaze ink
KR950012487B1 (en) * 1993-01-12 1995-10-18 정광산업주식회사 Manufacturing method of aluminum enamel
KR19980026990A (en) * 1996-10-14 1998-07-15 전승모 Aluminum enamel and its manufacturing method
KR19980082382A (en) * 1997-05-06 1998-12-05 박정원 Composition of Enamel Glaze for Aluminum Material
JP2001316129A (en) * 2000-02-23 2001-11-13 Kawasaki Steel Corp Frit composition for enamel and enamel product
KR20010085168A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-09-07 박정원 Process for producing enamel for coating aluminum ware

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100853836B1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-09-03 (주)천우테크 Crystal Marking Powder
EP2843011A4 (en) * 2012-04-24 2015-09-23 Esmalglass Sau Digital enamel ink
CN104030552A (en) * 2014-06-16 2014-09-10 广东顺德汇德隆新型材料有限公司 Production process for three-dimensional art glass
CN109181395A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-11 李小鹏 A kind of vitreous enamel compo, release film and pattern treatment technique

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