KR200351862Y1 - Apparatus for deodorizing comprising microbial decomposition and adsorption - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a single reaction tank for removing odor, and sequentially from the bottom, a microbial culture tank, a biological deodorization layer filled with wood chips, a buffer layer filled with a packing material to control moisture, and low concentration of odorous substances to physical adsorption. It is characterized by consisting of an activated carbon adsorption layer to be removed by.

Description

Apparatus for deodorizing comprising microbial decomposition and adsorption}

The present invention relates to a odor removal system combined with a biological treatment method for removing odor gas by microorganisms attached by using a wood chip as a carrier and activated carbon adsorption method, which is the most commonly used physical method. In order to maximize the efficiency, the microbial culture tank is first installed at the bottom of the reactor, and the packing material pearl ring is used to control the moisture between the biological deodorization layer filled with wood chips, and the activated carbon adsorption layer thereafter. The present invention relates to a deodorizing apparatus capable of maximizing the removal efficiency of malodorous gas because a buffer layer filled with lamps and an activated carbon adsorption layer for removing residual odorous substances by physical adsorption are provided in multiple stages in a single reactor.

In general, there are two kinds of smells: scents that make people feel good and odors that make them unpleasant. In the latter case, it refers to stimulating the nervous system of a person, causing mental and physical damage. According to Article 2 (Definition) of the Air Quality Preservation Act, "odor" means hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, amines, and other irritating gaseous substances. It is said to refer to the smell of irritating and disgusting by stimulating the sense of smell. In Korea, ammonia, methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, trimethylamine, acetaldehyde and styrene are designated as odorous substances.

These odor-causing substances vary greatly depending on the source, and refineries, chemical plants, manure and livestock wastewater treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, municipal waste landfills, etc. are regarded as the major odor sources of cities. In particular, environmental foundations such as sewage treatment plants, livestock and manure treatment plants are considered hateful facilities because of the above-mentioned odors and are subject to major complaints. Odor occurrences must be resolved.

Conventional odor treatment methods are largely classified into physical, chemical and biological treatment methods, and currently used methods include combustion, cleaning absorption, oxidation, adsorption, and microbial treatment.

Combustion method is divided into direct combustion method that burns odorous gas at 600 ~ 800 ℃ by gas burner and decomposes it into carbon dioxide and water, and catalytic combustion method which burns and oxidizes within 300 to 400 ℃ by installing catalyst grill such as platinum and cobalt. Although it is effective in removing almost all combustible odorous substances, the maintenance cost for fuel or catalyst replacement is expensive, and if it is neglected in operation management, nitrogen oxide is generated and there is a risk of explosion.

Washing methods that have high performance on components that have high water solubility or are highly reactive with chemicals are divided into water washing and chemicals.The method of deodorization using neutralization, oxidation, and reduction by washing malodorous gas with water, acid or alkaline aqueous solution. to be. This method has the advantages of relatively simple equipment and low operating cost, while the scope of application is narrow, the treatment of complex odor is difficult, and the anti-corrosion measures of the facilities by the use of chemical solution are needed, and the wastewater which is the secondary pollution source is generated. There are disadvantages.

On the other hand, the ozone oxidation method is a method of oxidizing and removing odorous components by utilizing ozone's powerful oxidizing effect, which consumes less power and is easy to maintain, which is relatively efficient for removing large-capacity gas, but ozone alone has a small application range and insufficient performance. There is a disadvantage that high performance can be achieved by using in combination with other methods such as water washing and catalyst.

Odor removal using activated carbon is one of the most widely used methods currently applied to various applications such as odor adsorption of various chemicals and waste odors in a hospital, chemical plant, livestock, manure and sewage treatment plant. Activated carbon can remove odors even in the presence of water, and is particularly effective at removing low-odor odors. The higher the molecular weight, the greater the adsorption capacity. Compared with the deodorizing effect of the combustion method, the removal rate is reduced, but there is an advantage that the initial installation cost is low and the operation method is easy. On the other hand, when various odorous substances accumulate in the pores of activated carbon and are adsorbed in a saturated state, and no odor is released anymore, the odorous effluent starts to be replaced with fresh carbon.If the concentration of the substance to be removed is high, washing, absorption, cooling, There is a disadvantage in that the concentration of the pretreatment such as condensation is reduced in parallel and then activated carbon adsorption is performed.

Biological treatment is a method of decomposing odorous substances adsorbed using microorganisms when odor passes through wood chips or soil. Recently, in the US, Japan, and Europe, technology is being converted into a biological method that is more economical and more efficient in terms of efficiency than physical and chemical deodorization methods. In particular, research on biofilter technology aimed at high efficiency deodorization by increasing microbial density, contact area, and contact time using a carrier has been actively conducted. The basic mechanism of biodeodorization consists of three steps: dissolution of malodorous substances, absorption by microorganisms, and conversion into odorless or low odorous substances. In general, if the growth conditions of the microorganisms involved in the removal of odor is properly formulated, there is a disadvantage in that the removal ability of almost all odor is excellent and secondary pollutants are not generated, but occupy a lot of land area. However, due to its superior economics, the development of processes with high reaction speed and efficiency is urgently needed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-stage single reaction treatment apparatus capable of efficiently removing odorous substances by efficiently combining biofilters and activated carbon adsorption methods which are useful techniques for removing odors in a complementary aspect.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a multi-stage single reactor for removing odor combined with biodegradation and adsorption methods according to the present invention.

※ Explanation of Signs of Major Parts of Drawings

1. Odor inflow and distribution port 2. Microorganism culture tank

3. Biological deodorization layer 4. Spray nozzle

5. Buffer layer 6. Activated carbon adsorption layer

7. Process gas outlet 8. Sample outlet

9. Microbial transfer pipe 10. Heater for temperature control

11. Microbial Supplementation and Overflow Outlet

12. Filling and Unloading Filling 13. Space

14. Pump for microbial circulation 15. Nonwoven fabric for separating layers

In order to achieve this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, a microbial culture tank for odor inflow, distribution, and microbial activity increase and high concentration cultivation in a lower portion of a reaction vessel having a flow of odor upward, a biological deodorization layer filled with wood chips, Between this and the activated carbon adsorption layer thereafter, a buffer layer filled with pearling, etc. to control moisture, an activated carbon adsorption layer for removing residual odorous substances by physical adsorption, and finally a space for gas discharge in the upper part of the reactor It is made up of wealth.

The microbial culture tank is installed with a heater for preventing the reduction of the activity of odor decomposition microorganisms due to water temperature drop during the winter season and a circulation pump (Circulation pump) for transferring the microorganism from the bottom of the culture tank to the biological deodorization layer filled with wood chips Activated microorganism and spray nozzle (Spray nozzle) for water supply is installed on the upper layer. In addition, a manometer for pressure loss measurement is installed inside the device, and a nonwoven fabric is installed at the boundary for separating the pearling and the activated carbon.

The sludge concentration of the malodor-decomposing microbial culture tank is maintained in the range of 5,000-10,000 mg / L, and new sludge is added at regular intervals because the sludge concentration gradually decreases and the pH decreases in the long term operation. In addition, glucose, phosphate, etc. are added to the growth of odor-degrading microorganisms, or a certain amount of sewage and wastewater containing organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus is added.If the amount is excessive, the increase of the odor load and the deodorization efficiency decrease. Supply only a small amount of the required amount, as this may cause On the other hand, since oxygen in the air is supplied as well as malodorous substances during inflow and distribution of malodorous gas, the dissolved oxygen amount of the culture tank is sufficiently maintained as necessary for the culture of malodorous microorganisms.

In this way, the use of microorganisms attached to the culture tank and the biological deodorization layer is used together to increase the deodorization efficiency and to supply the active deodorizing microorganisms and water which are highly active and present in high concentration to the biological deodorization layer intermittently or continuously. Since the treatment efficiency can be maximized in a limited space, it is possible to solve the problem of space utilization due to the requirement of a large site, which has been a disadvantage of the biological odor removal system.

In this way, it can be applied to almost all odor removal, highlights the advantages of the biological treatment method of excellent removal ability and does not generate secondary pollutants and at the same time maximize the efficiency of the activated carbon adsorption layer installed on the reactor. In other words, most of the odorous substances are removed from the culture tank and the biological deodorizing layer so that they are low in concentration. Compared to using it alone, the replacement cycle can be extended to minimize the economic burden on maintenance.

Therefore, this device can be applied to sewage, sewage and wastewater treatment facilities, sanitation (manure) treatment facilities, livestock wastewater treatment facilities, food treatment facilities, waste treatment facilities, and chemical plants where high concentrations of odor are generated.

In the present invention, the configuration of the multistage single reactor is largely divided into four parts.

First, in the first step, a culture tank 2 for increasing the activity and concentration of microorganisms involved in removing odorous substances is located at the bottom of the reactor. That is, the inlet / distribution port 1 of malodorous gas is located in the lower part of the culture tank, and the sludge concentration of the culture tank is maintained within 5,000 to 10,000 mg / L. Thus, some of the odorous substances introduced are converted into odorless or low-odorous substances by biological metabolism of microorganisms. In this process, the microorganisms directly involved in the removal of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, etc. are continuously and naturally multiplying into dominant species. The main influence factors are temperature, pH, essential nutrients and dissolved oxygen. In general, the odor decomposition microorganisms are slightly different depending on the microbial species, but is known to be the most active in the 15-35 ℃ range, so if the water temperature is lowered during the winter to operate the heater 10 to maintain the proper water temperature. On the other hand, since the odor gas and oxygen in the air transferred by the suction fan is introduced together, it is possible to maintain the amount of dissolved oxygen necessary for the growth of microorganisms in the culture tank. In addition, it is necessary to add lime, limestone, alkali, or new sludge at regular intervals to adjust the pH, and to reinforce only the essential nutrients such as iron, calcium, and phosphorus required for microbial growth. When sewage and wastewater can be supplied, instead of artificially adding essential nutrients mentioned above, a small amount of sewage and wastewater can be introduced at regular intervals to predominate odor removal microorganisms that can be utilized in limited space (2). .

In the second step, a microbial carrier layer 3 for biologically removing odors is located. The biofilter treatment is a method of treating malodor by using the decomposition of microorganisms attached to the surface of a filled carrier. The basic mechanism is dissolution reaction of malodorous substance, absorption by microorganism, conversion to odorless or low odorous substance, etc. 3 It consists of steps. The difference between the present invention and the general biofilter treatment method is that the odor removing microorganisms and moisture predominant from the culture tank 2 are intermittently or sprayed through a spray nozzle 4 installed on the biological deodorization layer using the internal circulation pump 14. It is possible to attach a large amount of microorganisms having a relatively high activity to the carrier by supplying them continuously continuously. Therefore, as the odor removal efficiency and reaction speed is faster, the height of the biological deodorizing layer can be minimized. Considerations in the selection of carriers to be filled in the biological deodorizing layer include a large surface area suitable for the attachment and growth of microorganisms, minimizing pressure intensification of the packed bed, i.e. minimizing clogging, and maintaining a uniform gas flow throughout the bed. . The present invention uses wood chips that meet the above conditions and can also serve as carbon sources. On the other hand, when clogging of the carrier voids occurs, the microbial conveying pipe 9 is connected to the water tank to spray high pressure water through the spray nozzle 4 to ensure stable operation of the apparatus.

In the third step, a buffer layer 5 filled with a large porosity and physically and chemically stable pearling is positioned to maximize surface area and linear velocity to perform moisture control between the biological deodorizing layer and the activated carbon adsorption layer. That is, activated carbon adsorbs only moisture when there is a lot of moisture in the mixed gas, but it can adsorb odorous substances when there is little moisture. Therefore, the layer is installed under the activated carbon adsorption layer, and a nonwoven fabric (15) )).

Finally, the activated carbon adsorption layer 6 is placed on the upper part of the reactor to enable high odor removal efficiency. Since the odorous substances introduced into the layer are mostly removed in the lower culture tank and the biological deodorization layer, the odorous substances can be highlighted, so that the adsorption characteristic of activated carbon is particularly effective in removing the low concentration odorous substances. As such, the biological deodorization layer may extend the life of activated carbon as it plays a role of pretreatment for a high concentration of odorous substances. Therefore, in the present invention, when only activated carbon is used alone for the purpose of deodorization, it is possible to improve economical efficiency, which is frequently referred to as a disadvantage due to regeneration and replacement of activated carbon.

And the outlet 11 for the sludge replacement, nutrient or sewage and wastewater addition and overflow control is located in the upper part of the culture tank to facilitate the replacement work by installing the inlet, outlet 12 for each layer.

Hereinafter will be described the specific configuration and operation of the present invention through the embodiment.

Example 1. Examination of odor removal efficiency through laboratory scale reactor operation

The height and diameter of the reactor used in this experiment were 100 cm and 40 cm, respectively, and the height ratios of the microbial culture tank, the biological deodorization layer, the buffer layer, and the activated carbon adsorption layer were 4: 1: 1: 1, respectively. In the microbial culture tank, the return sludge of the sewage treatment plant was added, and each layer was filled with wood chips, pearling, and activated carbon. As shown in Table 1, after 10 days of operation, odor decomposing microorganisms were not dominantly stable and their activities were low, so that the removal efficiency in culture tanks and biological deodorizing layers was relatively low, whereas after 30 days, dominance and activation of microorganisms By more than 99% of the malodorous material was removed by a biological method and low concentrations of residual malodorous substances can be seen that the complete treatment in the activated carbon adsorption layer. In addition, as a result of measuring the pressure change in each layer, the blockage phenomenon was not observed because there was almost no pressure loss due to long time operation.

As described above, it was confirmed that some inflow odors were removed during the dominance of the malodor-decomposing microorganisms through the installation of the culture tank, and the activated microorganisms were supplied to the carrier layer to maximize the efficiency of the biological deodorization layer. As a result, the lifetime of activated carbon is extended, thereby minimizing the economic burden of replacing activated carbon.

Table 1. Representative Changes in Odor Concentrations in a Multistage Single Reactor

Item (ppm) Classification 10 days after driving 30 days after driving ammonia Hydrogen sulfide Methylmercaptan ammonia Hydrogen sulfide Methylmercaptan Inflow concentration 200 200 200 200 200 200 Microbial culture tank 153 163 161 112 118 121 Biological deodorizing layer 16 28 25 1.3 2.3 4.7 Buffer layer 16 28 25 1.1 2.2 4.7 Activated Carbon Adsorption Layer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Emission concentration 0 0 0 0 0 0

As described above, the odor removing device developed by the present invention combines various odorous substances by appropriately combining a culture tank of odor removing microorganisms, a biofilter-type biological deodorizing layer and an activated carbon adsorption layer in a complementary relationship in a single reaction tank. Can be removed with high efficiency In addition, it is possible to maximize the economics of the system and minimize the generation of secondary pollutants by supplementing the shortcomings of the existing biofilter and activated carbon adsorption tank as possible. In addition, the lifetime of activated carbon is extended to minimize the economic burden of activated carbon replacement.

Claims (3)

The microbial culture tank (2) for the dominance of microorganisms involved in the removal of odorous substances sequentially from the bottom, the biological deodorization layer (3) filled with the carrier, the buffer layer (5), which plays a role of moisture control by filling the filler, activated carbon Odor removal multi-stage single reactor characterized in that the filled activated carbon adsorption layer (6). The microorganism delivery pipe (9) and circulation pump (14) are installed for transferring the predominant malodorous microorganisms from the culture tank (2) to the upper part of the biological deodorization layer (3) filled with the carrier. Odor removal multistage single reactor, characterized in that the intermittent or continuous providing to the biological deodorizing layer (3) through the spray nozzle (4). The multi-stage single reactor for odor removal according to claim 1, wherein the filler of the biological deodorization layer (3) uses wood chips that are not aged, and the pearl ring is used for the buffer layer (5).