KR20020085366A - Carburizing process of alloy steels to improve performance and wear resistance - Google Patents
Carburizing process of alloy steels to improve performance and wear resistance Download PDFInfo
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- KR20020085366A KR20020085366A KR1020010024847A KR20010024847A KR20020085366A KR 20020085366 A KR20020085366 A KR 20020085366A KR 1020010024847 A KR1020010024847 A KR 1020010024847A KR 20010024847 A KR20010024847 A KR 20010024847A KR 20020085366 A KR20020085366 A KR 20020085366A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 강의 내구성 및 내마모성을 향상시키는 침탄 열처리 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 강을 일정시간 동안 미리 균질화시키고, 침탄 열처리 공정중에 다시 일정 조건으로 오일 퀀칭(Quenching)한 후 서브-제로(sub-zero) 처리를 수행하는 본 발명의 침탄 열처리 방법은 강의 잔류 오스테나이트 발생을 방지시킴으로써, 종래에 비해 강의 내구성 및 내마모 특성을 향상시켜 고출력화에 대응하는 자동차의 엔진, 내마모 부품 및 변속기 기어 등에 유용하게 적용할 수 있는 침탄 열처리 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a carburizing heat treatment method for improving the durability and wear resistance of steel, and more particularly, after homogenizing the steel for a predetermined time, and quenching the oil again to a certain condition during the carburizing heat treatment process. Carburizing heat treatment method of the present invention to perform the (zero-) treatment prevents the generation of residual austenite, thereby improving the durability and wear resistance of the steel compared to the conventional, engine, wear-resistant parts and transmission gear of automobiles corresponding to high output It relates to a carburization heat treatment method that can be usefully applied to the back.
Description
본 발명은 강의 내구성 및 내마모성을 향상시키는 침탄 열처리 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 강을 일정시간 동안 미리 균질화시키고, 침탄 열처리 공정중에 다시 일정 조건으로 오일 퀀칭(Quenching)한 후 서브-제로(sub-zero) 처리를 수행하는 본 발명의 침탄 열처리 방법은 강의 잔류 오스테나이트 발생을 방지시킴으로써, 종래에 비해 강의 내구성 및 내마모 특성을 향상시켜 고출력화에 대응하는 자동차의 엔진, 내마모 부품 및 변속기 기어 등에 유용하게 적용할 수 있는 침탄 열처리 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a carburizing heat treatment method for improving the durability and wear resistance of steel, and more particularly, after homogenizing the steel for a predetermined time, and quenching the oil again to a certain condition during the carburizing heat treatment process. Carburizing heat treatment method of the present invention to perform the (zero-) treatment prevents the generation of residual austenite, thereby improving the durability and wear resistance of the steel compared to the conventional, engine, wear-resistant parts and transmission gear of automobiles corresponding to high output It relates to a carburization heat treatment method that can be usefully applied to the back.
침탄 열처리 공정은 부품의 치수 정밀도를 개선시키기 위한 공정으로서 자동차 엔진, 내마모 부품 및 변속기 기어 등의 우수한 내구성 및 내마모성을 필요로 하는 부품에 적용한다. 일반적으로 침탄 열처리 공정은 강의 표면에 높은 탄소 농도를 갖게 하기 위하여 강을 제조하는 대기의 탄소 농도를 높인 후에 급냉하여 상온에서 강의 조직을 단단한 마르텐사이트 조직(Martensite microstructure)이 되게하는 공정을 말한다. 그러나, 상기와 같은 침탄 열처리 공정을 수행하면 강 조직은 마르텐사이트와 잔류 오스테나이트(Retained austenite)를 발생시키며, 상기 잔류 오스테나이트는 상온에서 불안전한 조직이므로 자동차 작동 중에 변태를 유발시키는 문제가 있다. 그리고, 마르텐사이트와 잔류 오스테나이트 조직 사이에서 미세크랙이 발생시켜 급격한 치수의 변화를 유도하여 강도, 특히 피로강도의 치명적인 저하를 발생시킨다.The carburizing heat treatment process is a process for improving the dimensional accuracy of parts and is applied to parts requiring excellent durability and wear resistance, such as automobile engines, wear-resistant parts and transmission gears. In general, a carburizing heat treatment process is a process of increasing the carbon concentration of the atmosphere in which the steel is manufactured so as to have a high carbon concentration on the surface of the steel and then quenching it so that the steel structure becomes a hard martensite microstructure at room temperature. However, when the carburizing heat treatment process is performed, the steel structure generates martensite and retained austenite, and since the residual austenite is an unstable structure at room temperature, there is a problem of causing transformation during vehicle operation. In addition, microcracks are generated between martensite and residual austenite tissue, leading to a drastic change in dimensions, thereby causing a fatal decrease in strength, in particular fatigue strength.
이에, 본 발명은 침탄 열처리 공정시 잔류 오스테나이트 조직에 의한 부품 표면부에 미세크랙이 발생하는 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 연구 노력하였다. 그 결과, 침탄 열처리 공정시 강을 900 ∼ 930 ℃에서 1.5 ∼ 3.0 시간동안 미리 균질화시키고, 침탄 열처리 공정중에 150 ∼ 220 ℃에서 1.5 ∼ 3.0 시간동안 오일 퀀칭한 후 서브-제로(sub-zero) 처리를 수행함으로써 강의 내구성 및 내마모성을 우수하게 개선시킨 침탄 열처리 방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Thus, the present invention has been researched to solve the problem that the microcracks are generated in the surface of the part due to the retained austenite structure during the carburizing heat treatment process. As a result, in the carburizing heat treatment process, the steel is homogenized in advance for 1.5 to 3.0 hours at 900 to 930 ° C., and the oil is quenched at 150 to 220 ° C. for 1.5 to 3.0 hours during the carburizing heat treatment process, followed by sub-zero treatment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carburizing heat treatment method which improves the durability and abrasion resistance of steels well.
도 1은 종래의 침탄 열처리 공정의 개략도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional carburizing heat treatment process.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 침탄 열처리 공정의 개략도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the carburizing heat treatment process according to the present invention.
본 발명은 침탄 열처리 방법에 있어서, 강을 900 ∼ 930 ℃에서 1.5 ∼ 3.0 시간동안 균질화시키는 1 단계; 상기 1단계의 강을 900 ∼ 930 ℃에서 3 ∼ 5 시간동안 침탄, 확산시킨 후, 840 ∼ 860 ℃에서 1.0 ∼ 2.0 시간동안 냉각, 송입하는 2 단계; 상기 2단계의 강을 150 ∼ 230 ℃에서 1.5 ∼ 3.0 시간동안 오일퀀칭하는 3 단계; 및 상기 3단계의 강을 -73 ∼ -196 ℃에서 sub-zero 시키는 4 단계로 이루어지는 침탄 열처리 방법을 그 특징으로 한다.In the carburizing heat treatment method, the present invention comprises the steps of: homogenizing the steel at 900 to 930 ° C. for 1.5 to 3.0 hours; Carburizing and diffusing the steel of step 1 for 3 to 5 hours at 900 to 930 ° C., followed by cooling and feeding at 1.0 to 2.0 hours at 840 to 860 ° C .; Three steps of oil quenching the steel of the second stage at 150 to 230 ℃ for 1.5 to 3.0 hours; And a carburizing heat treatment method comprising four steps of sub-zeroing the steel of the three steps at -73 to -196 ° C.
이와 같은 본 발명을 더욱 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.The present invention will be described in more detail as follows.
본 발명은 침탄 열처리 공정에서 상기 1 단계와 3 단계가 그 특징인바, 상기 1 단계는 강을 900 ∼ 930 ℃에서 1.5 ∼ 3.0 시간동안 균질화시켜 강 조직 및 성분, 특히 탄소 및 합금원소의 균질화를 통한 열처리시 변태특성의 안정화를 가져오며, 상기 3 단계는 심냉처리(sub-zero) 처리 직전 150 ∼ 230 ℃에서 1.5 ∼ 3.0 시간동안 오일퀀칭하여 강 조직 변태의 안정성을 확보하고 응력 제거율을 상승시킨 후 다음 공정을 진행시킴으로써 잔류 오스테나이트 발생을 방지시켜 강의 내구성 및 내마모 특성을 향상시킨다.The present invention is characterized in that the first and third steps in the carburizing heat treatment process, the first step is to homogenize the steel at 900 ~ 930 ℃ for 1.5 to 3.0 hours through the homogenization of the steel structure and components, in particular carbon and alloy elements After heat treatment, the transformation properties are stabilized, and the third step is oil quenching at 150-230 ° C. for 1.5-3.0 hours immediately before the sub-zero treatment to secure the stability of the steel structure and increase the stress removal rate. Proceeding to the next process prevents residual austenite generation, improving the durability and wear resistance of the steel.
상기 1단계의 침탄 온도가 900 ℃ 미만이면 비효율적인 침탄이 진행되고, 930 ℃를 초과하면 입자의 조대화 발생하는 문제가 있다. 상기 3단계의 오일퀀칭온도 범위내에서 기지조직의 경도 저하 없이 잔류응력만 제거되므로 상기 범위가 적합하다. 또한, 상기 4단계의 심냉처리온도 범위내에서 잔류 오스테나이트의 완벽한 마르텐사이트 변태화가 진행되므로 상기 범위가 바람직하다.If the carburizing temperature of the first step is less than 900 ℃ ineffective carburization proceeds, if the carburizing temperature exceeds 930 ℃ there is a problem that coarsening of particles occurs. The above range is suitable because only the residual stress is removed without deteriorating the hardness of the matrix within the oil quenching temperature range of the three steps. In addition, since the complete martensite transformation of the retained austenite proceeds within the deep cooling treatment temperature range of the four steps, the above range is preferable.
이와 같은, 본 발명에 따른 침탄 열처리 방법은 자동차 엔지용 테핏심, 밸브리프터, 커넥팅 로드, 베어링, 구동축 및 고부하 기어 등의 내구성 및 내마모성이 필요한 자동차 부품에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다.As such, the carburizing heat treatment method according to the present invention can be usefully applied to automotive parts requiring durability and wear resistance such as a taper seam, a valve lifter, a connecting rod, a bearing, a drive shaft, and a high load gear for an automobile engine.
이하 본 발명을 실시예에 의거 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같은 바, 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but is not limited to Examples.
실시예 및 비교예Examples and Comparative Examples
도 1(종래방법)과 도 2(본 발명의 방법)에 나타낸 바와 같은 과정을 통해 강의 침탄 열처리 공정을 행하였다.The carburizing heat treatment process of the steel was performed through the process as shown in FIG. 1 (the conventional method) and FIG. 2 (the method of this invention).
상기 침탄 열처리 공정을 거친 강의 잔류 오스테나이트량과 피로강도를 측정하여 다음 표 1에 나타내었다.Residual austenite content and fatigue strength of the steel subjected to the carburization heat treatment were measured and shown in Table 1 below.
상기 표 1에 나타난 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 침탄 열처리 공정을 행한 강인 실시예의 경우 잔류 오스테나이트 량이 적고 피로강도가 높아 크랙발생이 적어 내구성이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.As shown in Table 1, in the case of the tough embodiment subjected to the carburization heat treatment process according to the present invention it was confirmed that the amount of residual austenite is low and fatigue strength is high, so there is little crack generation and excellent durability.
상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 침탄 열처리 방법은 강의 잔류 오스테나이트 발생을 방지시킴으로써, 종래에 비해 강의 내구성 및 내마모 특성을 향상시켜 고출력화에 대응하는 자동차의 엔진, 내마모 부품 및 변속기 기어 등에 유용하게 적용할 수 있다.As described above, the carburizing heat treatment method according to the present invention prevents residual austenite generation, thereby improving the durability and wear resistance of the steel as compared to the prior art, and correspondingly to the engine, wear-resistant parts, transmission gears, etc. It can be usefully applied.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9945004B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2018-04-17 | Hyundai Motor Company | Material for high carburizing steel and method for producing a gear using the same |
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2001
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9945004B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2018-04-17 | Hyundai Motor Company | Material for high carburizing steel and method for producing a gear using the same |
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