KR20000015945A - Mineral-water suspension for use against fires - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A mineral-water suspension for use against fires is provided to include an ingredient for enhancing an adhering property and an insulating property to be used for extinguishing and preventing fires. CONSTITUTION: The present invention relates to a mineral-water suspension for use against fires that can be used in extinguishing or preventing fires of various types and forces. This suspension comprises liquid glass, clay and water, wherein the liquid glass is present in a weight proportion relative to the clay ranging from 1:1 to 1:10, respectively.

Description

Fire Water Mineral Suspensions

Official countermeasure systems are well known to prevent fires, to prevent the spread of generated fires, and to successfully extinguish different types of fires of different intensity. The composites used in these systems are new agents that include different materials that ecologically purify natural raw ingredients and have low cost and high efficiency.

Water is widely known as an extinguishing agent. However, water can be used to extinguish a fire, but it does not prevent it. These low efficiency agents have the disadvantage of having to be consumed a lot. For example, when extinguishing a fire in a forest, about 12-15 kg / m ² of water is required, but this amount of water is not always present at hand.

Various delayed aqueous solutions (agents which retard the diffusion or strength of fire) mixed in water are also well known. However, retarders are complex chemical compounds (eg, based on diammonium phosphate) that pollute the environment, are manufactured by complex manufacturing processes, and complex equipment (computers) to mix and transport them to a fire location. Complex storage vessels and discharge devices) to control the manufacturing process. This increases the cost of extinguishing the fire and reduces the possibility of using complex installations for practical prevention purposes.

Fire fighting water suspensions are also known, for example comprising natural products such as sand, clay, and water (Russian Patent No. 494164, international classification symbol A6 201/10; A6 201/10 1976, Russian Patent No. 626780).

The water suspension known from Russian Patent No. 626780 consists of 5 to 20% by weight of sand, 1 to 5% by weight of clay, and the remainder of water.

The composition is an ecologically clean and inexpensive byproduct. However, they lack stickiness and thermal insulation and cannot retain moisture on the surface to be treated until water is completely vaporized or reliably insulate pyrolysed by-products. This is because sand is a loose rock consisting of grains of different inorganic materials and pieces of ore of 100 to 5000 microns in size, and there is not enough mixing of aluminite and clay particles of 10 to 100 microns in size. Large insoluble fragments are present in the suspension which form precipitates, which wear out fire fighting equipment (firefighting water, waterproofing devices, etc.). Also, although clay enhances the adhesion of the composite, this property is neutralized because there is actually sand, which has a high looseness, which is the component of the suspension (especially water) on the surface to be treated by this looseness. Because it can keep.

These problems limit the use of such suspensions, which are mainly used to extinguish and localize grassland fires.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fire fighting and fire protection materials, and more particularly to firewater mineral water suspensions.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fire fighting mineral water suspension which contains components which enhance adhesion and thermal insulation and can be used to extinguish and prevent fire.

This object of the present invention is achieved by providing a suspension each comprising water glass having a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10 relative to clay in a fire fighting suspension comprising water and clay.

Water glass substantially enhances the adhesion and thermal insulation of the suspension of the present invention. This is because the water glass is highly tacky and easily soluble in water and can keep the particles of clay in suspension without forming a precipitate. In addition, water glass in combination with clay retains water on the surface to be treated until the water has evaporated completely, regardless of the angle of inclination of the surface to be treated with respect to the horizon. Moreover, after the water has evaporated, a coating of silicon oxide is formed on the surface to be treated, which prevents oxygen from accessing the center of the fire and also prevents the ingress of energy into the center of the fire. Prevents the spread and eliminates the possibility of repeated combustion.

Suspensions of the present invention having the above properties are particularly

City fires: when extinguishing dwellings and buildings, or other public buildings, scientific buildings, schools, etc.

-Fires in woodlands and steppes: when they extinguish themselves and prevent them from spreading to adjacent areas,

-Can be used for fires of different types and intensities, such as fires in oil fields and spills of spilled petroleum products, which cause sudden and natural disasters

The efficiency when using the suspension according to the invention is about 10 times as efficient as when using water, for example. That is, for example, when extinguishing a forest fire, the consumption of water averages 12 to 15 kg / m ² , while achieving the same result, the consumption of the suspension of the present invention is 0.12 to 0.15 kg / m ² . Thus, the suspension according to the invention reduces the cost for fire, in particular for strong and large fire extinguishing.

Moreover, since the suspension according to the present invention has the above properties, its field of use can be substantially expanded. That is, it can be used to prevent fire as well as fire suppression, for example to cover the surface of combustible materials in buildings and structures and to cool and insulate surfaces adjacent to the center of the fire.

In order to extinguish different types of fires, it is preferred to use suspensions each comprising water glass having a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10 relative to clay, the total weight of water glass and clay in the suspension being 60 to 80% by weight , The rest consists of water.

The suspension according to the invention may also consist of 7 to 17% by weight of water glass, 13 to 72% by weight of clay, and the remainder of water.

The fire fighting mineral water suspension according to the present invention has high adhesiveness and heat insulation, and by this property can be used to extinguish and prevent fires of different kinds and strengths of fire.

Fire mineral water suspensions according to the present invention comprise water glass, clay, and water. These suspensions comprise waterglasses each having a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10 relative to clay. That is, in the above suspension, 1 to 10 parts by weight of clay are present per 1 part by weight of water glass. In addition, in order to extinguish the fire, it is preferable to use a suspension containing 1 to 6 parts by weight of clay ([1: 1] to [1: 6] in weight ratio, respectively) per 1 part by weight of water glass, while For this purpose, it is preferable to use a suspension containing 4 to 10 parts by weight ([1: 1] to [1:10] in weight ratio, respectively) per 1 part by weight of water glass.

The total weight of water glass and clay in the suspension is 20 to 80% by weight, with the remainder consisting of water. The components in the suspension here may consist of 7 to 17% by weight of water glass, 13 to 72% by weight of clay, and the remainder of water.

An aqueous solution of sodium silicate or potassium silicate may be used as the water glass.

In the above-mentioned ratios of waterglass, clay, and glass, each particle of clay is coated with an aqueous glass of water solution and kept in suspension in suspension.

This enhances the uniformity of the suspension and easily disperses into droplets during spraying because the water glass reduces the surface tension of the suspension.

If the weight of the water glass in the suspension to the weight of the clay is less than 1: 1, the content of this water glass will be insufficient to keep all the clay particles in suspension, which will reduce the thermal insulation of the suspension.

If the weight of the water glass in the suspension to the weight of the clay is less than 10: 1, this suspension will be difficult to apply to the surface to be treated and it will be difficult to maintain the suspension on the surface to be treated. Also, because of the high content of clay, the firmness of the suspension will substantially increase when the water evaporates.

If the content of water glass in the suspension is reduced to less than 7% by weight, the effect of keeping the clay particles in suspension may be reduced. Moreover, such a reduction in the water glass content may reduce the thermal insulation of the suspension since it is insufficient to form a coating of silicon oxide on the surface to be treated after the water has evaporated.

If the content of clay in the suspension is increased by more than 16% by weight, the density of the suspension is increased, which makes it difficult to supply the center of the fire.

If the content of clay in the suspension is increased by more than 72% by weight, there is a problem in converting the suspension into a finely dispersed state and obtaining a uniform suspension, which may make it difficult to supply the center of the fire. Moreover, this increases the viscosity of the suspension.

The suspension of the present invention is prepared by the following method.

First, the water glass is decomposed into water, and clay is added to the aqueous solution thus obtained, and stirred, for example, until it is uniform with a concrete mixer. In order to reduce the time taken for manufacture, it is desirable to change the clay in advance.

The suspension of the present invention is a microheterogeneous freely-dispersed system in which water is a dispersion medium and water glass and clay are in a dispersed state. The ratio between water glass and clay may vary within the above wide range and does not have a substantial impact on the fire evolution and fire retardance of the suspension. In addition, the suspension has high adhesiveness and heat insulation.

As mentioned above, the quantitative composition of the components in the suspension depends on whether it will be used as a fire extinguishing agent or as a fire retardant.

Thus, for example, when extinguishing a fire in a residential area, it is desirable to use an aqueous solution containing a small amount of clay and water glass (about 20% by weight, the rest being water), which is the main purpose of cooling the center of the fire. Because. At the same time, it is preferable to use an aqueous solution containing a large amount of clay and water glass (about 60 to 80% by weight, the rest being water) when extinguishing the walls of the building adjacent to the center of the fire. The same applies to extinguishing fire in corporate buildings, shops, warehouses, and other similar structures.

The optimal aqueous solution used to extinguish fires in woodlands and prairies is when the total content of clay and water glass is between 40 and 60% by weight, and this configuration is good, as can be seen in artificially generated forest fire tests. It is cool (finely dispersed water is maintained on the hot surface) and thermally insulating (sufficient amount of clay and water glass).

The content of water within the above limits depends on the purpose of the suspension, and a decrease in the water content below the lower limit or a decrease in the water content above the lower limit creates the need to increase or decrease the amount of dispersed phase in the suspension. It produces the above negative result.

The suspensions of the invention are used by spraying in different ways (eg by pumps, by spraying from airplanes or helicopters). Dispersion methods using explosive energy or pressure accumulators (eg air, powder) are the most effective method, which disperses the suspension into droplets with a diameter less than 10 microns in diameter to interact with the flame. Because it increases.

In order to better understand the present invention, specific examples are described below.

Yes

The suspension of this invention which has a component of different content is prepared by the method mentioned above. The fire retardance of the suspension is then measured using a wooden matchstick standard with the head removed. The wood sample is covered with a suspension of the present invention having different contents of components and placed in a flame of a gas burner (the temperature of the gas burner is 1150 ± 20 ° C). In most cases, coatings of solid solutions of waterglass and clay are formed on the sample after the water has evaporated, so the time until the sample starts to burn or the time until the sample starts to burn is measured. The temperature in the coating here is not sufficient to burn the sample and only generate soot at low speed, which is measured by the generation of smoke from below the coating at the end face of the sample.

For comparison, the burn time of the sample pretreated with water is measured.

The different proportions of the components in the suspension with a volume of approximately 0.04 m ³ and the time before their combustion are shown in the table below, which shows the time before combustion of the sample treated with water in No 31.

No. Total content of water glass and clay (% by weight) Approximate ratio of waterglass to clay (parts by weight) Water content (% by weight) Clay content (% by weight) Water glass content (% by weight) Number of seconds before combustion of the sample One 20 1: 1.9 7 13 80 7.8 2 26 1: 1.6 10 16 74 7.7 3 21 1: 3.2 6 19 75 10.1 4 25 1: 5.5 4 21 75 11.7 5 25 1: 7.4 3 22 75 11.2 6 47 1: 1.8 17 30 53 9.2 7 47 1: 3.7 10 37 53 12.9 8 47 1: 4.9 8 39 53 14.0 9 47 1: 6.9 6 41 53 12.6 10 67 1: 1.8 24 43 33 11.2 11 67 1: 3.5 15 52 33 17.4 12 67 1: 5.1 11 56 33 18.0 13 67 1: 6.5 9 58 33 15.6 14 85 1: 1.8 31 54 15 14.5 15 84 1: 3.5 19 65 16 25.6 16 85 1: 5.6 13 72 15 23.8 17 84 1: 7.4 10 74 16 18.9 18 25 1: 7.4 3 22 75 8.2 19 25 1: 1.3 11 14 75 7.0 20 26 1: 1 13 13 74 5.5 21 44 1:10 4 40 56 10.4 22 47 1: 2.6 13 34 53 11.3 23 47 1: 4.9 8 39 53 14.0 24 66 1: 8.5 7 59 34 11.0 25 66 1: 4.5 12 54 34 18.3 26 66 1: 2.7 18 48 34 15.3 27 84 1: 8.4 9 75 16 13.5 28 84 1: 6 12 72 16 21.5 29 80 1: 4 16 64 20 25.6 30 80 1: 9 8 72 20 16.3 31 - - - - 100 4.1

As can be seen in this example, the time before combustion of the sample treated with the suspension of the present invention is 1.5 to 6 times longer than the time required for the sample treated with water to burn, regardless of the content of the above components. .

Moreover, the formation of a solid solution coating of waterglass and clay on the surface of the sample which prevents the combustion of the sample clearly demonstrates the high tackiness and thermal insulation of the suspension according to the invention.

The present invention may be used as a fire extinguishing agent or fire retardant in fires of different kinds and intensities, in particular urban fires, woodland and prairie fires, fires in oilfields, and the like. Moreover, the suspensions of the present invention may also be used to prevent fires and to protect objects close to the center of the fire from combustion by applying on the surfaces of combustible materials in different buildings or on the surfaces of objects adjacent to the center of the fire. have.

Claims (5)

In fire mineral water suspension containing clay and water, Fire water mineral water suspension, characterized in that it further comprises a water glass having a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10 with respect to the clay. The fire mineral mineral suspension of claim 1, further comprising water glass each having a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 6 relative to the clay. 2. The mineral water suspension for fire fighting according to claim 1, further comprising water glasses of 1: 4 to 1:10, respectively, by weight relative to the clay. 2. The mineral water suspension for fire fighting according to claim 1, wherein the total content of water glass and clay is 20 to 80% by weight, and the remainder is water. 2. The mineral water suspension for fire fighting according to claim 1, wherein the water glass of 7 to 16 wt%, the clay of 13 to 72 wt%, and the remainder are water.