KR19990002665A - Rock cutting method using tensile fracture - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for cutting a rock using tensile failure that not only significantly reduces the explosion and blasting vibration but also cuts the rock evenly by using a small amount of unit explosive, about 20-70g, which is not mentioned in general blasting. Regarding, the blasting hole drilling step of puncturing the blasting holes 10 along the predetermined line of the ground to be cut, and the explosives loading step of loading the explosives 14 with the primer 15 in the blasting holes 10, A circuit connection step of connecting the primers 15 loaded on the blasting holes to the ignition means 17 by the connection circuit 16, and an ignition step that detonates the primers 15 by the ignition means 17. In the blasting hole drilling step, the hole 15 is drilled to a predetermined depth to charge the unit explosive 14 together with the primer 15, and the hole is drilled at a predetermined depth between the charge holes 11. Width Armed medicine holes (13), which are not loaded with medicine are separated at regular intervals and drilled, and the explosive loading step is to load a certain amount of unit explosives and primers at predetermined heights at predetermined heights within the charging holes (11). Each unit explosive is alternately colored between every unit explosive, which is characterized in that each unit explosive has a delay time difference and an independent development destruction structure.

Description

Rock cutting method using tensile fracture

The present invention effectively blocks the blasting vibrations generated during rock blasting work in construction sites, protects adjacent structures, and also forms an excavation section uniformly, which can be used as an artificial fault surface. By loading a small amount of unit explosives of about 20-70g and blasting with a uniform delay time, the rock cutting method using tensile failure that not only drastically reduces the sound and blast vibration but also cuts the rock uniformly. It is about.

The term blasting used below means to destroy an object by using the shock force and gas expansion force generated by the explosives, and the blasting vibration means the strong shaking of the ground caused by the explosive crushing. In addition, the rock cutting method may be understood as a concept of cutting a rock rather than a rock blasting technique of destroying a rock by a blasting technique. On the other hand, in the specification of the present invention it is to be used as a term that includes both blast hole and armed drug.

In general, unlike the concept of rock blasting method that destroys rock by blasting technology, to secure rock blasting in advance to perform rock blasting, and to secure artificial tomography so that the cut section is cut evenly. It is used for two purposes of rock cutting, which is a thin unit method.

Here, the rock cutting method is mainly used when there are buildings or structures adjacent to the work site when used as a pre-construction process for performing rock blasting.

In other words, if a building is already located in the place where the building should be blasted and the adjacent area around it, along the constant line of the ground between the outside area of the work site, that is, the work site and the adjacent area. By cutting the rock in advance to form a cut and cut line, the blast vibration energy caused by the expansion force of shock wave and gas generated during the blasting work performed inside the workshop is primarily consumed in the rock blasting, and then the excess blast vibration The energy is blocked and exhausted at the pre-formed cut line in the outer area to block the blasting vibration and to protect the neighboring building.

Therefore, when the rock cutting method is used as a pre-installation process for carrying out rock blasting, a high level of technology is required to obtain the maximum cutting effect with the minimum explosives in order to minimize the explosion and blasting vibrations transmitted to the adjacent building when cutting the rock. do.

On the other hand, when the rock cutting method is simply used for rock cutting of noiseless and ultra-vibration, it forms an artificial tomographic surface in which the cut section is uniformly formed. It is to be used for the useful use as a gap for inserting a steel box, a gap for forming an order, and a waterproofing stand.

Therefore, the rock cutting method requires a high level of technology in which the cut artificial monolayer is uniformly cut so that subsequent processes can be performed efficiently.

Conventional rock cutting methods that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of the two pre-construction process and rock cutting are prescribed at regular intervals along the predetermined line of the ground to be cut, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C. Perforating the charge holes (11) to the depth, and the unit explosives (14) connected to the dopant line (15a) inside the charge holes (11) to each node at a predetermined height, but empty space between the unit explosives and the unit explosives (11a) is loaded and connected to the ignition means (17) to the ignition means (17) by a connecting circuit (16) connected to the dopant line (15a) loaded in the charge holes (11), to the ignition means (17) This is completed by detonating the dopant line 15a.

The reason why the unit explosives 14 are stored in the shape of the unit explosives at predetermined heights in the interior of the charge holes 11 is that the space explosives 11a are formed between the unit explosives and the unit explosives. This is to cut a rock by shearing force while acting on the hollow wall of the perforated hole or ejecting a part of the high pressure gas generated at the time.

That is, in the conventional case, when the colored material such as sand and soil is colored without forming the empty space portion 11a between the unit explosives 14, there is no outlet of the high-pressure gas generated at the time of explosion. It becomes larger and affects neighboring buildings, and the cut joints are not uniform, and overburden or overmolding occurs.

Therefore, in the conventional rock cutting method, the unit explosives 14 are charged in layers at predetermined heights in the interior of the charge holes 11, but an empty space portion 11a is formed between the unit explosives 14 and the unit explosives 14. Will be done.

As described above, the conventional method forms a hollow space portion 11a inside the hole to operate a part of the high pressure gas in the same vertical direction as the longitudinal direction of the hole when the unit explosives 14 loaded in the hole are exploded during rock cutting. Inevitably, she had to rely on shear failure to cut the rock.

The conventional rock cutting method, which depends on shear failure, has some problems as follows. First, because it depends on the shear failure there was a problem that a large amount of explosives of about 125g at least. Because rock is weak in tensile force but strong in compressive or shearing force, the rock is cut by shearing and compressing force acting vertically with high-pressure gas. There was a problem that takes a lot of amount.

Second, although there is a reason that a large amount of explosives are required as described above, the high-pressure gas generated at the time of explosion of unit explosives is ejected through the entrance of the charge hole all at once, so that the explosion and the blasting vibration generated during the explosion are relatively large. Vibration energy is transmitted to the neighboring building has a problem that a crack occurs in the neighboring building.

Third, there is a reason that a large amount of explosive is required as described above, but the high pressure gas generated during the explosion of unit explosives does not have a separate ejection hole outside the inlet of the charge hole so that most of the high pressure gas acts as the inner peripheral surface of the charge hole. Therefore, there is a problem in that the cut joint is not uniform and the over or over flexing phenomenon occurs.

Fourth, the high-pressure gas generated when the unit explosives are exploded at once is blown out through the entrance of the charge hole and the explosive force collides with the adjacent space, that is, the direction of the force generated during the explosion is concentrated in one place, so that the explosive force on both sides is opposed. Therefore, there is also a safety problem, such as the risk of monument to be accompanied with high pressure gas because the state is not cut.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rock-cutting method using a tensile failure that can easily cut the rock even with a small amount of 20-70g unit explosives by effectively inducing the tensile failure using the rock is weak in the tensile force. .

Another object of the present invention is to provide a rock-cutting method using tensile fracture to prevent the blast vibration is transmitted to the neighboring building by blocking and exhausting the explosion and blast vibration energy generated during the explosion of unit explosives in the blast hole. have.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a rock cutting method using tensile fracture to secure a uniform artificial tomographic surface by preventing overtreatment or overburden on the joint surface to be cut.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a rock cutting method using tensile fracture, which prevents the risk of headstones by preventing high pressure gas generated during explosion of unit explosives from acting as a hollow wall and not ejecting to the outside of the masonry hole. .

1A-1C illustrate the prior art,

1A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which a unit explosive charge is charged in a charge hole.

Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view showing the direction of action of the force when the explosion of the unit explosive

Figure 1C is a plan view showing the cutting state due to shear failure of the rock after the explosion

Figure 2A is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a one-row arrangement as a basic embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 2B is a partial top view of FIG. 2A

2C is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2A

Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view showing the direction of action of the force of the explosion of the explosives of the present invention with an arrow

Figure 3B is a plan view showing an incision state by the tensile failure of the rock after the explosion of the present invention

Figure 4A is a perspective view showing a two-row arrangement in another embodiment of the present invention

4B is a top view of FIG. 4A

5 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the unit explosive charges charged at the top and bottom of the present invention.

* Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

1: bedrock 10: blasting hole

11: Pharmacy 11a: Empty Space

12: Thousands of things 13: Armed pharmacy

14, 14 ': unit width 15: primer

15a: Wipe Line 16: Connection Circuit

17: ignition means 17a: ignition switch

A: Cutting line s: Spacing of blast space

h: spacing between unit widths d: hole diameter

D: Armed chemical diameter t: Excess depth of armed chemical

Hereinafter, the technical configuration of the present invention will be described.

Rock-cutting method using the tensile fracture of the present invention also the blasting hole drilling step of puncturing the blasting holes 10 to a predetermined depth along the predetermined line of the ground to be cut, and the blasting holes 10 in the unit with the primers 15 An explosive charge loading step for loading explosive charges 14, a circuit connection step for connecting the primers 15 loaded in the blast holes to the ignition means 17 with a connection circuit 16, and the ignition means 17 with the In terms of the ignition stage to detonate the primers 15 is not different from the conventional technical concept.

However, in the present invention, the piercing holes 11 are drilled to a predetermined depth to load the unit explosive 14 together with the primer 15 in the blasting hole drilling step, and a predetermined depth between each of the medicament holes 11 Armed medicinal holes (13) to be drilled by separating each at a regular interval and puncture, in the explosive charge loading step to load the primer and the unit explosives (14) in a layer at a predetermined height inside the charge holes (11), but the unit to be loaded The colorants 12 are alternately colored between the explosives 14 to introduce independent breaking structures, thereby increasing the breaking effect and range, and increasing the reliability.

Herein, the present invention loads the unit explosives 14 into layers at predetermined heights within the charge holes 11, and between the loaded unit explosives 14, such as sand and soil, between the loaded unit explosives 14, respectively. The reason why they alternately color and also drill the armed medicines 13 that do not load the explosives between the medicine holes 11 is because of the explosion of the unit explosives 14 while utilizing the armed medicines 13 as a free surface. The high pressure gas generated at the time to act as a side in which the armed medicine hole 13 is formed to induce tensile fracture to easily cut the rock with the least force.

The present invention configured as described above is made of a structure of individual destruction by discoloring the chromosome 12 between the unit explosives 14, which are charged in layers at predetermined heights within the charge holes 11, respectively. In addition, between the medicinal holes (11), armed medicinal holes (13) that are drilled to a depth almost similar to the depth of the medicinal holes to function as a free surface to induce tensile breakdown of a small amount of about 20-70g Even explosives can cut rocks without difficulty.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 2A to 5, the blasting hole drilling step of puncturing the blasting holes (10) of the medicinal holes and armed medicinal holes along the predetermined line of the ground to be cut, and the medicinal holes (11) Explosive charge loading step of loading the unit explosives (14) with the primers (15), and the circuit connection step of connecting the primers (15) loaded in the charge holes to the ignition means (17) by the connecting circuit (16) And, in the ignition step comprising the detonation of the primers 15 to the ignition means 17, in the blasting puncture step is drilled to a predetermined depth to load the unit explosives 14 together with the primer 15 Between the charge holes 11 and the armed medicine holes 13 to be drilled at predetermined intervals between each of the charge holes (11) at a predetermined interval, respectively, and drilled, the charge holes (11) Primer unit explosives (14) for each predetermined height inside In addition, the basic technical concept of the present invention in that it is loaded in a layered manner, but alternately color with the chromosome 12 between the loaded unit explosives (14) to cut the rock with a delayed blast blasting system having a lag time. Is to implement.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the diameter D of the armored holes 13 is formed to be the same or larger than the diameter d of the armored holes 11, wherein the diameter of the armored holes 13 is greater than the diameter d of the armored holes 13. (D) is preferably about 50-600mm, the diameter (d) of the charge hole 11 is preferably about 50-200mm.

This is because the diameter (D) of the armed holes (13) is larger than the diameter (d) of the length of the holes (11), the high-pressure gas released during the explosion of the unit explosives expands to increase the volume ratio, so the explosion energy is primarily Excessive drinking and blasting vibration energy not only increases the absorption rate in the armed medicine, but also increases the free surface on the side, so as to be useful.

On the other hand, the predetermined interval of the blasting holes 10 to be punctured in the blasting hole drilling step refers to the distance (S) between the charge holes 11 and the armed holes 13, as shown in Figure 2C, the distance (S) It is preferable to have a distance of about 2.0-2.5 times the armed hole diameter (D), which is determined by the size of the armed hole diameter (D) to how far the blast holes can be spaced apart. This is because the effective distance to increase the rock cutting effect to the side by the generated gas pressure and explosion energy.

Therefore, the larger the diameter (D) of the armed holes 13 can be spaced farther apart between the adjacent holes, the smaller the diameter is drilled narrower between the adjacent holes.

As shown in FIG. 2C, the filler holes 11 and the armored holes 13 are drilled to a predetermined depth while maintaining vertically the same distance S between adjacent holes, that is, having perpendicularity. , The drilling depths of the medicinal holes (11) and armed medicinal holes (13) is preferably a depth of about 3-20cm.

This allows the adjacent holes to be drilled in parallel so as not to intersect in the rock 1 so that the lateral movement distances of the unit high pressure gas generated when a certain unit explosives are exploded are all the same, thereby making it possible to cut the joint joint evenly. The drilling depth is determined according to the site conditions such as the hardness of the rock, which gives flexibility in terms of efficiency and economic efficiency.

In addition, the drilling depth of the armed holes 13 is drilled deeper by a predetermined excess depth (t) than the depth of the charge holes 11, preferably of the height (h) of the unit width to be charged in a layered manner More than two times is appropriate.

This is because the depth of the armed holes 13 is drilled deeper than the depth of the loaded hole 11 by a predetermined depth (t), so that the armed holes 13 are delivered to the lower side by enlarging the function as a free surface to the side. Not only can it sufficiently block the blasting vibration energy, but also cut it flat so that there is no residue on the bottom surface to be cut.

As shown in FIG. 2C, when the unit explosives and the whole materials are alternately loaded in the layered holes 11, the height h between the unit widths 14, that is, the lengths of the whole materials are loaded at a constant height. It is about 40-50cm in the case of a dry masonry ball, 50-60cm is preferable in the case of a water-filled masonry.

On the other hand, the unit charge and the coloring matters are alternately loaded in the charge hole in order to divide the charge hole into a certain depth to form a separate destruction structure for each unit explosive inside the blast hole, and thus the unit explosives are exploded. The explosion vibration energy generated at the time is equally acted in the divided space, and the lateral moving distances of the unit high pressure gas are all the same, so that the cut surface is cut uniformly and completely.

On the other hand, each unit explosive dose charged to the masonry when cutting the rock can adjust the explosive amount according to the hardness of the rock, that is, hard rock or soft rock, etc. Not only can the effect be achieved, but also the drastic reduction in the energy of binge and blasting vibrations.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the present invention provides an armed medicine hole 13 in which a high-pressure gas generated at the time of explosion of the unit explosive when the unit explosives 14 loaded in the charge hole 11 is exploded. The rock 1 can be easily cut by tensile fracture because it expands in the lateral direction of the formed direction, that is, in the direction of the arrow, which is vulnerable to the expansion force, and can be easily cut by tensile fracture. The rock 1 is cut | disconnected, forming the linear cut line A which connects the ball 11 and the armed medicine ball 13 to it.

The blast holes 10 may be perforated in various arrangements, but in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the filler holes 11 and the armored holes 13 are linear in a row. For example, it is made of a heat-insulated arrangement that is vertically perforated continuously.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the charge holes 11 and the armored holes 13 are continuously vertically drilled in a straight line in two rows of the front row and the rear row so that the front row of the charge holes 11 are provided. The rear row and the rear row of holes (11) and the front row of armed holes (13) and rear row of armed holes (13) is shown to be made of a two-row arrangement is arranged alternately with each other.

In the case where the blasting holes are drilled in an adiabatic arrangement, as shown in FIG. 3B, a selection is made when one cut line A is to be formed. In a general construction site, even if the rock is cut in the form of adiabatic arrangement, it is possible to almost block (more than 60%) the blasting vibration generated at the rock blasting of this workshop.

In addition, in the case of drilling in a two-row array form, as shown in Fig. 4B, it is selected when forming two perforations. This is selected when it is necessary to close the blasting vibration to the surrounding building almost completely (more than 84% reduced).

On the other hand, the arrangement of the blast holes in the embodiment of the present invention shows two embodiments of the heat insulation arrangement and the two-row arrangement form, it is clear that it can also be a multi-array arrangement of three or more rows.

As shown in FIG. 5, the amount of the unit explosive charge 14 'loaded at the uppermost or lowermost end of the charge holes 11 is divided into half, respectively, and the half-sized ones 12' are disposed therebetween. It is preferable to color.

This is to further reduce by discharging the vibration and the sound generated during blasting by dividing the unit width (14 ') of the top and bottom of the unit width (14') in half.

At this time, the unit explosive at the top end reduces the initial vibration, and the unit explosive at the bottom end reduces the terminal vibration.

On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 5 shows that the unit explosive at the top or the unit explosive at the bottom is divided into half the amount of the unit explosive at the same time, but if necessary, only the unit explosive at the top It is noted that the unit explosive charge may be divided into half and the unit explosive charge may be divided into half only for the lowest unit explosive charge.

In other words, if it is necessary to reduce the amount of explosion and vibration only at the top end, the unit explosives are divided into half only at the top end, and if it is necessary to reduce the amount of explosion and vibration only at the bottom end, the unit explosives are cut at half only. It can be divided and blasted.

On the other hand, the primers 15 installed in the unit explosives loaded in the knot hole (11) to explode each unit explosives 14, using a delayed primer having a predetermined explosion parallax It is preferable.

This is to introduce a delayed blasting system in which the unit explosives loaded inside the charge holes 11 are dispersed and exploded with a predetermined explosion parallax, so that no explosion and vibration are concentrated at a time. The late trigger is known that the late generator or the late non-electric primer can be selected and used.

In addition, the ignition means 17 serves to detonate the primers 15 by binding the primers 15 to the connection circuit 16, and the ignition means 17 has various kinds of commercially available ones. Although it can be used, in the present invention, it is preferable that a multistage blasting machine capable of igniting by adjusting a delay time within a range of 1-999ms for each of 10 circuits is preferably used.

This is to further reduce the explosion and vibration by detonating each primer 15 loaded in the unit explosives of the charge hole by detonation by the charge with a predetermined delay time for each unit explosive charge.

Therefore, in the present invention, when the ignition switch 17a is pressed on the ignition means 17, the electricity is energized through the connection circuit 16 to detonate the primers 15 with a delay time difference, and the primers 15 are By exploding the unit explosives 14 again, the rock is cut and destroyed.

As described above, the present invention forms an empty space portion 11a in the series of charge holes 11 while the unit explosives are loaded so that the high pressure gas generated at the explosion of the unit explosive is ejected to the upper portion, thereby breaking the rock by shear failure. Unlike the conventional method, which requires a large amount of explosives of about 125g at the bottom and severely squeezes and vibrates, cutting between the unit explosives 14, which are loaded in layers at predetermined heights, inside the holes 11, By alternately coloring the water (12), and also through the armhole (13) to be drilled to a depth approximately similar to the depth of the hole between the holes (11), first, to the hole (11) Even if the amount of charged unit explosives was small, about 20-70g, the explosive energy and the high-pressure gas released when the unit explosives exploded were expanded in the lateral direction in which the armed holes 13 functioned as free surfaces. By inducing a reaction by effectively using a tensile breaking the rock it is weak to the tensile force there is an effect that it is possible to easily cut the rock.

Second, as described above, the unit explosive dose not only takes about 20-70 g, but also explodes by causing the explosive and blast vibration energy generated when the unit explosives 14 are exploded to be consumed in the adjacent armed medicine 13. There is an effect of reliably preventing vibration from being transmitted to neighboring buildings.

Third, the explosion of the unit explosives loaded in the charge hole (11) consists of a separate structure of independent destruction, so that the high-pressure gas discharged at the time of the explosion is transmitted uniformly in the lateral direction with the armed holes (13) It prevents over buckling or over gulling and has the effect of ensuring a uniform joint surface.

Fourth, unlike the prior art that the high-pressure gas generated during the explosion of the unit explosives 14 is ejected to the outside, the high-pressure gas is delivered to the side with the armed holes 13, there is an effect of preventing the risk of monument.

As described above, the rock-cutting method using the tensile fracture of the present invention by alternately colorizing the chromosome between the explosive charges of each layer of the explosive charges in a predetermined height inside the charge holes in a structure of independent destruction of each other Armed medicinal holes are drilled between the medicinal holes, and the explosive force generated during the explosion acts as a free-formed medicated hole, which induces tensile failure, making it easy and accurate to cut and cut the rock even with a small amount of unit explosives. That would be very useful.

Claims (15)

Blasting hole puncturing step of puncturing the blast holes (10) to a predetermined depth along the predetermined line of the ground to be cut, and explosive charge loading step of loading the unit explosive (14) with primers 15 in the blast holes (10) and A circuit connecting step of connecting the primers 15 loaded on the blast holes to the ignition means 17 by a connection circuit 16, and an ignition step that detonates the primers 15 by the ignition means 17. In the configuration, the blasting puncturing step is a predetermined depth between the charge holes (11) to be drilled to a predetermined depth to load the unit explosives (14) with the primer 15, and each of the charge holes (11) Armed medicinal holes (13) to be drilled by separating each at a predetermined interval, and the explosive charge loading step is to charge the unit explosive charges (14) in a layer at each predetermined height inside the charge holes (11), but the explosive charge ( 14) Alternate color transfer between different colors (12) Rock cutting method using a tensile failure, characterized by. The method of claim 1, wherein the diameter (D) of the armored holes (13) is at least the same or larger than the diameter (d) of the charge holes (11) characterized in that the rock fracture using tensile fracture method. The method of claim 2, wherein the diameter (D) of the arm holes (13) is 50-600mm, the diameter (d) of the charge hole 11 is 50-200mm characterized in that the rock cutting method using tensile fracture . The method of claim 1, wherein the gap between the armed holes (13) and the armed holes (11) is a rock-cutting method using tensile fracture, characterized in that 2-2.5 times the diameter of the armed holes. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the armored holes (13) is at least equal to or deeper than the depth of the charge holes (11) rock cutting method using the tensile fracture, characterized in that. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of drilling of the medicinal holes (11) and armed medicinal holes (13) is about 3-20m as a depth of the range to maintain the vertical degree of rock fracture using tensile failure. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the excess depth of the armed holes (13) is perforated more than twice the height of the unit width slightly lowered into the layered. The method of claim 1, wherein the interval between the unit explosives loaded in the charge holes (11) and the chromosome is 40-70cm. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of each unit explosive charge (14) layered in the charge holes (11) is about 20-70g amount of rock cutting method using the tensile fracture. 10. The tensile strength of claim 9, wherein the amount of the unit explosive charge 14 ', which is charged at the top of the charge holes 11, is divided into half and divided into upper and lower portions of the whole material 12 filled therebetween. Rock cutting method using destruction. 10. The tensile strength of claim 9, wherein the amount of the unit explosive charge 14 'charged to the lowermost part of the charge holes 11 is divided into half and divided into upper and lower portions of the whole material 12 filled therebetween. Rock cutting method using destruction. The method of claim 1, wherein the charge holes (11) and the armed holes (13) is a rock-cutting method using a tensile fracture, characterized in that formed in the form of adiabatic array that is successively perforated vertically in a row straight line. According to claim 1, wherein the charge holes (11) and the armed holes (13) are continuously drilled in succession vertically alternately in two rows in a straight line of the front row and the rear row, the row of charge holes and the rear row of holes (11) Rock-cutting method using a tensile failure characterized in that they are formed in a two-row arrangement form mutually staggered. The method of claim 1, wherein the primers (15) installed in the charge hole (11) is a rock-cutting method using tensile fracture, characterized in that the delayed primer having a predetermined explosion parallax is selected and used. The method of claim 1, wherein the ignition means (17) is selected by using a multi-stage blasting device for igniting by adjusting the delay time within the range of 1-999ms for each of the 10 circuits.