KR19980046064A - Stabilization Method of Waste Incinerator Using Lime Desulfurization Slag - Google Patents
Stabilization Method of Waste Incinerator Using Lime Desulfurization Slag Download PDFInfo
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- KR19980046064A KR19980046064A KR1019960064349A KR19960064349A KR19980046064A KR 19980046064 A KR19980046064 A KR 19980046064A KR 1019960064349 A KR1019960064349 A KR 1019960064349A KR 19960064349 A KR19960064349 A KR 19960064349A KR 19980046064 A KR19980046064 A KR 19980046064A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/60—Additives supply
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Abstract
석회(lime) 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법에 관한 내용이 개시된다. 제철 및 제강공정에서 부산하는 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 쓰레기 소각재와 혼합하고, 혼합된 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그와 쓰레기 소각재를 용융시키면, 처리비용을 대폭 줄일 수 있으며, 도시쓰레기 소각재에 포함된 10∼20%의 금속성분을 회수하여 재활용 할 수 있으며, 용해 작업후 생성되는 슬래그를 벽돌과 자갈 등 건축자재로 재활용 할 수 있다.Disclosed is a method for stabilizing waste incinerator using lime-based desulfurization slag. Mixing the lime-based desulfurization slag from Busan and steelmaking with waste incineration and melting the mixed lime-based desulfurization slag and waste incineration material can greatly reduce the processing cost, and it is possible to reduce the processing cost by 10-20. It is possible to recover and recycle% of metal, and the slag generated after melting can be recycled as building materials such as brick and gravel.
Description
본 발명은 쓰레기 소각재를 안정화하는 안정화 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더 상세하게는 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a stabilization method for stabilizing waste incinerator, and more particularly, to a method for stabilizing waste incinerator using lime-based desulfurization slag.
일반적으로 쓰레기 속각로에서 발생되는 소각재는 비산재와 바닥재 두 가지 종류가 있는데, 이중 대부분(80∼85%)은 바닥재이다. 바닥재는 주로 30∼40%의 산화규소(SiO2,)와, 12∼17%의 산화칼슘(CaO)과, 6∼10%의 산화알루미늄(Al2O3), 1-5%의 철(Fe)과, 3∼7%의 산화나트륨(Na2O)과, 2∼3%의 미연소분 등으로 이루어지며, 비산재는 바닥재보다 염기성 성분을 보다 많이 포함한다. 이러한 비산재와 바닥재에는 크롬(Cr), 주석(Sn), 구리(Cu), 납(Pb) 등의 중금속이 다량 함유되어 있다. 또한, 도시쓰레기 소각로의 소각재에는 약 10∼20%의 금속성분도 포함되어 있다.In general, there are two types of incineration ashes generated from waste incinerators, but most of them (80 to 85%) are floor ashes. Flooring mainly consists of 30-40% silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), 12-17% calcium oxide (CaO), 6-10% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 1-5% iron ( Fe), 3 to 7% sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 2 to 3% unburned powder, and the like, and the fly ash contains more basic components than the flooring material. Such fly ash and flooring material contain heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). Incinerators of municipal waste incinerators also contain about 10 to 20% of metal components.
소각에 의한 쓰레기 감량은 30∼50%이며, 소각재 냉각용으로 물을 사용하면 소각에 의한 쓰레기 감량은 약 50%정도 된다. 이러한 소각재는 전량 별다른 후처리 없이 매립되고 있다. 따라서, 매립시 분진이 발생되는 문제점과, 침출에 의한 중금속이 용해되는 문제점 등이 있다.The waste reduction by incineration is 30 ~ 50%, and when water is used for cooling the incineration ash, the waste reduction by incineration is about 50%. All of these ashes are buried without any post-treatment. Therefore, there are problems in that dust is generated during landfill, and a problem that heavy metal is dissolved by leaching.
이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 최근에는 소각재를 고형화하는 방법과, 소각재를 용융하여 부피를 최소화하는 방법이 연구 및 채용되고 있다.In order to solve this problem, a method of solidifying an incineration ash and a method of minimizing the volume by melting the incineration ash have recently been studied and adopted.
고형화하는 방법에는 시멘트로 소각재를 고형화하여 처리하는 방법이 있는데, 고형화하면서 부피가 증가되어 소각에 의한 쓰레기 감량효과가 줄어드는 단점이 있어 채용이 불투명하다.As a solidification method, there is a method of solidifying and treating an incineration ash with cement, and since the volume is increased while solidifying, there is a disadvantage in that waste reduction effect due to incineration is reduced, so the adoption is opaque.
부피를 최소화하는 방법에는 소각재를 아크로에서 용융하여 소각재의 부피를 최소화하는 방법이 있는데, 이 방법은 용융 설비가 고가이며 에너지가 많이 소모되는 문제점도 있지만, 다음과 같은 유리화공정에서 염기도를 조정하는데 필요한 비용이 많이 드는 문제점이 있다.One way to minimize the volume is to melt the incinerator in an arc furnace to minimize the volume of the incinerator, which is expensive to melt and consumes a lot of energy, but it is necessary to adjust the basicity in the following vitrification process. There is a costly problem.
대부분의 소각재의 염기도는 0.3∼0.5이고, 도시 소각재의 경우에는 염기도가 더 적기 때문에 아크로에서 용융될 때 점성도가 크고, 전기전도도가 적어 소각재를 유리화시키기가 어렵다. 또한, 소각재 내에는 미연탄분이 들어있어 용해후 벽돌 및 자갈과 같은 건축자재로 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서, 종래에는 유리화과정에서 탄산나트륨(Na2Co3)이나 탄산칼슘(CaCo3) 등의 염기성 성분을 추가하여 염기도를 조절하였다.Most incinerators have a basicity of 0.3 to 0.5, and in the case of municipal incinerators, since the basicity is lower, the viscosity is high when melted in an arc furnace, and the electrical conductivity is low, making it difficult to vitrify the ash. In addition, the incineration ash contains fine coal powder, it is difficult to use as a building material such as brick and gravel after melting. Accordingly, in the vitrification process, basicity such as sodium carbonate (Na 2 Co 3 ) or calcium carbonate (CaCo 3 ) was added to adjust the basicity.
상기 유리화과정에서 사용되는 탄산나트륨이나 탄산칼슘은 쓰레기를 처리하기 위한 전체비용을 감안할 때 결코 싸지 않아, 상술한 용융하여 소각재의 부피를 최소화하는 방법의 채용이 지체되고 있다.Sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate used in the vitrification process is never cheap considering the overall cost for treating the waste, it is delayed to adopt the method of minimizing the volume of the incineration ash by melting.
따라서, 당업계에서는 상술한 탄산나트륨과 탄산칼슘을 대체할 소재를 개발 할 것과, 도시쓰레기 소각재에 포함된 10∼20%의 금속성분을 회수하여 재활용 할 것과, 용해 작업후 소각재를 벽돌과 자갈 등 건축자재로 재활용 할 수 있는 기술의 개발이 요구된다.Therefore, the art will develop materials to replace the above-mentioned sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate, recover and recycle 10 to 20% of the metal components contained in municipal waste incineration ash, and build incinerator ash and bricks after melting. The development of technologies that can be recycled into materials is required.
염기도를 조절하기 위한 탄산나트륨과 탄산칼슘을 대체할 수 있고, 도시쓰레기 소각재에 포함된 10∼20%의 금속성분을 회수하여 재활용 할 수 있고, 용해 작업후 소각재를 벽돌과 자갈 등 건축자재로 재활용 할 수 있도록 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법을 구현하는데 있다.It can replace sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate to control basicity, recover and recycle 10 ~ 20% of metals contained in municipal waste incineration ash, and recycle the incineration ash as building materials such as brick and gravel after melting work. In order to ensure that the waste ash incinerator is stabilized using lime-based desulfurization slag.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법을 도시한 흐름도이다.1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for stabilizing waste incinerator using desulfurization slag of lime series according to the present invention.
본 발명에 따른 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법은 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그와 쓰레기 소각재를 혼합하는 단계와, 상기 혼합된 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그와 쓰레기 소각재를 용융시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The waste incineration stabilization method according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the step of mixing the lime-based desulfurization slag and waste incineration ash, and the step of melting the mixed lime-based desulfurization slag and waste incineration ash.
그리고, 본 발명에서는 상기 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그가 제철소의 용선 예비처리공정에서 부산되는 것이 바람직하다.In the present invention, it is preferable that the lime-based desulfurization slag is by-produced in the molten iron pretreatment process of the steel mill.
그리고, 본 발명에서는 상기 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그가 직경이 20mm이하로 분쇄되는 단계를 더 포함되는 것이 바람직하다.In the present invention, the lime-based desulfurization slag is preferably further comprising a step of grinding to less than 20mm in diameter.
그리고, 본 발명에서는 상기 분쇄된 탈황슬래그를 건조시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.In the present invention, it is preferable to further include the step of drying the pulverized desulfurized slag.
그리고, 본 발명에서는 상기 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그와 쓰레기 소각재가 혼합되어 염기도가 0.7∼1.5으로 되는 것이 바람직하다.In the present invention, the lime-based desulfurization slag and the waste incinerator are mixed to have a basicity of 0.7 to 1.5.
그리고, 본 발명에서는 상기 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그가 중량 퍼센트로 이산화규소 12∼30%, 산화알루미늄 1∼5%, 산화칼슘 15∼20%, 산화마그네슘 25∼35%, 유황 1∼5%, 산화망간 1∼15%을 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.In the present invention, the lime-based desulfurization slag is 12 to 30% by weight of silicon dioxide, 1 to 5% of aluminum oxide, 15 to 20% of calcium oxide, 25 to 35% of magnesium oxide, 1 to 5% of sulfur, and oxidation It is preferable to contain 1 to 15% of manganese.
이와 같은 특징을 갖는 본 발명에 따른 쓰레기 안정화 방법은 처리비용을 대폭 줄일 수 있으며, 도시쓰레기 소각재에 포함된 10∼20%의 금속성분을 회수하여 재활용 할 수 있으며, 용해 작업후 소각재를 벽돌과 자갈 등 건축자재로 재활용 할 수 있다.Waste stabilization method according to the present invention having such a feature can significantly reduce the treatment cost, and can be recycled by recovering 10 to 20% of the metal components contained in the municipal waste incineration ash, bricks and gravel after the melting operation It can be recycled as building materials.
이하 첨부된 도면 및 표를 참조하면서 본 발명에 따른 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration ash stabilization method using the lime-based desulfurization slag according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and tables.
제철 및 제강산업에는 전로조업 전에 불순물을 제거하는 용선 예비처리과정이 있으며, 용선 예비처리과정에서 발생되는 슬래그에는 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그, 탈규슬래그, 탈인슬래그가 있다. 본 발명에서는 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 유리화공정에서 염기도를 조절하기 위한 염기도 조절용 소재로 사용한다.In the iron and steel industry, there is a molten iron pretreatment process that removes impurities before the converter operation, and the slag generated during the molten iron pretreatment process includes lime-based desulfurization slag, desulfurization slag, and dephosphorization slag. In the present invention, lime-based desulfurization slag is used as a basicity control material for controlling basicity in the vitrification process.
표 1에 나타난 바와 같이, 상기 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그에는 물에 잘 녹는 알칼리 산화물이 포함되어 있어 그냥 매립되면 침출 등의 문제를 일으키기 때문에 알칼리 산화물은 매립되기 전에 회수되어야 하며, 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그에 포함된 15∼25%의 금속성분은 자원의 재활용 측면에서 매립되기 전에 회수되어야 한다. 그러나, 상기 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그는 전부가 매립되고 있는 실정이다.As shown in Table 1, the lime-based desulfurization slag contains alkali oxides that are well soluble in water, so if they are buried, they cause problems such as leaching. 15-25% of the metals involved should be recovered before landfilling in terms of recycling of resources. However, all of the lime-based desulfurization slag is embedded in the situation.
석회 계열의 탈황슬래그는 고 염기도를 가지는 25∼35%의 산화마그네슘과, 15∼20%의 산화칼슘을 가지므로 종래에 염기도 조절용 소재로 사용되던 산화나트륨을 대체할 수 있다.Lime-based desulfurization slag has 25 to 35% of magnesium oxide having high basicity and 15 to 20% of calcium oxide, and thus can replace sodium oxide, which has conventionally been used as a material for controlling basicity.
상술한 바와 같은 화학적 조성을 갖는 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그와 소각재는 다음과 같은 방법에 의하여 안정화된다.Lime-based desulfurized slag and incinerator having the chemical composition as described above are stabilized by the following method.
도 1을 참조하면, 처리할 석회 탈황슬래그와 소각재를 준비한다. 석회 탈황슬래그를 약 20mm이하로 분쇄하고 건조시켜 준비하며, 소각재를 건조시켜 준비한다. 건조 및 분쇄된 탈황슬래그 및 소각재는 아크로에 용이하게 장입될 수 있으며, 빨리 용융될 수 있기 때문이다.Referring to Figure 1, to prepare a lime desulfurization slag and incineration ash to be treated. Lime desulfurization slag is prepared by grinding and drying to about 20mm or less, and by burning the incineration ash. This is because the dried and pulverized desulfurized slag and incinerator can be easily charged into the arc furnace and melted quickly.
아크로는 양전극간의 전기적 접촉이 양호하도록 먼저 코크스입자를 사용하여 1100∼1300℃로 가열한다. 그리고 준비한 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그 및 소각재를 혼합하여 염기도 0.8로 맞추어 아크로에 장입한다. 장입이 끝난 약 30분 후에 출탕한다.The arc furnace is first heated to 1100-1300 ° C. using coke particles so that the electrical contact between the two electrodes is good. Then, the prepared lime-based desulfurization slag and incinerator are mixed, and the base is adjusted to 0.8 and charged in an arc furnace. Tap after about 30 minutes after charging.
출탕후 냉각된 슬래그는 유리화되었으며, 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그 및 소각재 중의 일부 금속분은 회수되어 아크로 저부에 응축된다. 그리고, 출탕할 때 슬래그가 유리화되어 있으므로 출탕작업이 종래의 소각재만 용융하여 출탕하는 출탕작업보다 아주 원활하다. 그리고, 출탕된 슬래그의 강도는 보통의 암석과 같은 정도의 기계적강도를 보였으며, 유리화 되어 물리 화학적 특성이 보통의 암석에 비해 결코 뒤떨어지지 않았다.After tapping, the cooled slag was vitrified and some metals in the lime-based desulfurized slag and incinerator were recovered and condensed at the bottom of the arc furnace. Since the slag is vitrified when tapping, the tapping operation is much smoother than the tapping operation of melting and tapping only conventional incineration ash. In addition, the strength of the slag tapped showed the same mechanical strength as that of ordinary rocks, and vitrified so that the physicochemical properties were inferior to those of ordinary rocks.
첨부된 참조 도면에 의해 설명된 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예는 단지 일 실시예에 불과하다. 당해 기술 분야에 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 충분히 이해하여 유사한 형태의 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법을 구현할 수 있을 것이다.The preferred embodiment of the present invention described by the accompanying reference drawings is only one embodiment. Those skilled in the art will fully understand the preferred embodiments of the present invention to implement a waste incineration stabilization method using a similar type of lime-based desulfurization slag.
예를 들면, 상세한 설명에서는 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그 및 소각재를 혼합하여 염기도 0.8로 맞추어 아크로에 장입한다고 기술하였으나, 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그 및 소각재를 혼합하여 염기도 0.7∼1.5으로 맞추어 아크로에 장입하여도 출탕후 냉각된 슬래그는 유리화되었으며, 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그 및 소각재 중의 일부 금속이 회수되어 아크로 저부에 응축된다. 그리고, 출탕할 때 출탕작업이 아주 원활하다.For example, in the detailed description, the desulfurization slag and incineration ashes of lime series are mixed and charged into an arc furnace with a basic level of 0.8. However, the desulfurization slag and incineration ashes of lime series and mixed with a basic degree of 0.7 to 1.5 are also loaded into an arc furnace. The slag cooled after pouring is vitrified and some metals in the lime-based desulfurized slag and incinerator are recovered and condensed at the bottom of the arc furnace. And when tapping, tapping work is very smooth.
염기도에 따른 용융 제조된 슬래그와, 용융전 소각재의 침출특성을 평가하기 위하여 환경오염 공정시험법인 TCLP법에 따라 침출특성을 분석해 보았다.In order to evaluate the leaching characteristics of molten slag prepared by melting and incineration before melting, the leaching characteristics were analyzed according to the TCLP method, which is an environmental pollution process test method.
시료를 건조 분쇄한 후 용출액과 1:20으로 혼합하고, 22±3℃, 진폭 4∼5cm로 분당 30±2회, 18±2시간 진탕기에서 진탕하여 여과한 후 항목별로 분석하여 표 2와 같은 침출특성을 얻었다.After drying and pulverizing the sample, the mixture was mixed with the eluent 1:20, shaken at 22 ± 3 ° C, amplitude 4∼5cm, 30 ± 2 times per minute, 18 ± 2 hours in a shaker, filtered and analyzed by items. The same leaching characteristics were obtained.
표 2에 나타난 바와 같이, 용융전 소각재의 침출농도보다 용융후의 소각재 침출농도가 낮으며, 소각재만 용용한 슬래그보다 석회 탈황슬래그를 혼합한 슬래그가 침출농도가 낮으며, 석회 탈황슬래그를 혼합하여 염기도 0.8로 용융된 슬래그보다 염기도 1.5로 용융된 슬래그의 침출농도가 낮았다.As shown in Table 2, the incineration ash leaching concentration after melting was lower than that of the incineration ash before melting, and the slag mixed with lime desulfurization slag was lower than the slag dissolved only in the incineration ash, and the leaching concentration was lower. The leaching concentration of slag melted with basicity 1.5 was lower than slag melted with 0.8.
본 발명에 따른 석회 계열의 탈황슬래그를 이용한 쓰레기 소각재 안정화 방법을 이용하여 소각재를 처리하면 종래의 염기도를 조절하기 위한 탄산나트륨과 탄산칼슘을 대체하여 처리비용을 대폭 줄일 수 있으며, 도시쓰레기 소각재에 포함된 10∼20%의 금속성분을 회수하여 재활용 할 수 있고, 용해 작업후 소각재를 벽돌과 자갈 등 건축자재로 재활용 할 수 있다.By treating the incineration ash using the waste incineration ash stabilization method using the lime-based desulfurization slag according to the present invention, it is possible to significantly reduce the treatment cost by replacing sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate to control the conventional basicity, and included in the municipal waste incineration ash. 10 ~ 20% of metal components can be recovered and recycled, and after melting, incineration materials can be recycled as building materials such as bricks and gravel.
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