KR102805837B1 - Method and apparatus for estimating a state of battery - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and device for estimating a battery state are disclosed. The disclosed battery state estimation method includes a step of obtaining a measured voltage of a battery, a step of obtaining an estimated voltage of the battery from an electrochemical model representing an internal state of the battery and including deterioration parameters regarding the battery, a step of estimating a deterioration change amount of the battery using the measured voltage and the estimated voltage, a step of updating the deterioration parameter using the deterioration change amount, and a step of estimating state information of the battery using an electrochemical model to which the updated deterioration parameter is applied.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ESTIMATING A STATE OF BATTERY

The following embodiments relate to a method and device for estimating a battery state.

In order to operate the battery, the state of the battery can be estimated, and there are various methods for estimating the state of the battery. For example, the state of the battery can be estimated by integrating the current of the battery or by using a battery model (e.g., an electric circuit model).

As the frequency of exposure of batteries to operating environments that accelerate deterioration, such as fast charging, fast discharging, low-temperature or high-temperature environments, increases, the need to predict battery condition information by reflecting the deterioration status of the battery may increase.

A battery state estimation method executed by a processor according to one embodiment comprises the steps of: obtaining a measured voltage of a battery; obtaining an estimated voltage of the battery from an electrochemical model representing an internal state of the battery and including deterioration parameters regarding the battery; estimating a deterioration change amount of the battery using the measured voltage and the estimated voltage; updating the deterioration parameter using the deterioration change amount; and estimating state information of the battery using an electrochemical model to which the updated deterioration parameter is applied.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of estimating the deterioration change amount can estimate the deterioration change amount by using the difference in response characteristics between the estimated voltage of the battery and the measured voltage of the battery.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of estimating the deterioration change amount may determine a resistance increase amount based on a change amount in the estimated voltage of the battery, a change amount in the measured voltage, and a change amount in current, and may determine a change amount in the negative SEI resistance as the deterioration change amount based on the resistance increase amount.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of estimating the deterioration change amount may determine the ratio between the response characteristic of the estimated voltage according to the discharge of the battery and the response characteristic of the measured voltage as the deterioration change amount.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the ratio between the response characteristics may be any one of a ratio between a slope determined from estimated voltages at two points within the usage section of the battery and a slope determined from measured voltages; and a ratio between an area determined from estimated voltages and an area determined from measured voltages between two points within the usage section of the battery.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, two points within the usage section of the battery may correspond to a start point and an end point of an off-state section of a compensator for the electrochemical model, or may belong to a section in which a change in current of the battery is less than or equal to a first threshold value set in advance within the off-state section.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of estimating the deterioration change amount can estimate the deterioration change amount in response to a case where a compensator for the electrochemical model is controlled to an off state.

A battery state estimation method according to one embodiment may further include a step of controlling an operating state of a compensator for the electrochemical model by using state information of the battery estimated from the electrochemical model.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of controlling the operating state can control the compensator to an off state in response to a case where any one of the state information, ion concentration, and active material capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined second threshold or falls within a predetermined first range.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of controlling the operating state may control the compensator to an off state if any one of the state information, ion concentration, and active material capacity of the battery corresponds to a section in which a change in the negative OCP of the battery is lower than or equal to a predetermined third threshold and a change in the positive OCP of the battery is higher than or equal to a predetermined fourth threshold.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of estimating the deterioration change amount can determine the degree to which the state information is corrected by the compensator as the deterioration change amount in response to the compensator being controlled to an on state.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of controlling the operating state can control the compensator to an on state in response to a case where any one of the state information, ion concentration, and active material capacity of the battery is less than a predetermined fifth threshold or falls within a predetermined second range.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the step of controlling the operating state may control the compensator to an on state if any one of the state information, ion concentration, and active material capacity of the battery corresponds to a section in which a change in the negative OCP of the battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined sixth threshold value.

A battery state estimation method according to one embodiment further includes a step of storing the deterioration change amount in a memory, and the step of updating the deterioration parameter can update the deterioration parameter using one or more deterioration change amounts stored in the memory in response to reaching an update condition for the deterioration parameter.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the update condition may be determined based on a combination of one or more of the number of cycles of the battery, the accumulated usage capacity, the accumulated usage time, and the number of deterioration changes stored in the memory.

In a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment, the degradation parameter may include one or a combination of two or more of the SEI resistance of the negative electrode for the battery, the capacity of the positive active material, and the electrode balance shift.

According to one embodiment, a battery state estimation device includes a memory storing an electrochemical model corresponding to a battery; and a processor estimating state information of the battery, wherein the processor obtains a measured voltage of the battery, obtains an estimated voltage of the battery from the electrochemical model representing an internal state of the battery and including a deterioration parameter regarding the battery, estimates a deterioration change amount of the battery using the measured voltage and the estimated voltage, updates the deterioration parameter using the deterioration change amount, and estimates the state information of the battery using the electrochemical model to which the updated deterioration parameter is applied.

A mobile device according to one embodiment includes a display; a battery that supplies power to the display; a memory that stores an electrochemical model of the battery; and a processor that estimates a voltage of the battery using the electrochemical model.

In one embodiment, the diagonal length of the display in the mobile device may be from 10 cm to 70 cm.

In one embodiment, the diagonal length of the display in the mobile device may be less than or equal to 50 cm.

In one embodiment, the unit cell capacity of the battery in the mobile device may be 10 Ah or less.

In one embodiment, the processor in a mobile device may be a micro controller unit (MCU).

In one embodiment, the capacity of the volatile memory included in the memory in the mobile device may be 2 to 8 Kbytes per unit cell.

In one embodiment, the capacity of the nonvolatile memory included in the memory in the mobile device may be 20 to 100 Kbytes per unit cell.

According to one embodiment, the mobile device further includes a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), and the memory and the processor may be included in the PMIC.

The mobile device according to one embodiment further comprises a PMIC, wherein the memory and the processor are not included in the PMIC.

The mobile device according to one embodiment further comprises a camera, wherein the camera can be positioned to capture a user looking at the display.

According to one embodiment, the mobile device further includes a cover, and the battery, memory and processor may be disposed between the cover and the display.

In one embodiment, the display in the mobile device may be a touchscreen display that detects a touch gesture input from a user.

According to one embodiment, the mobile device further includes a communication unit that performs communication with an external device, and the communication unit can transmit data received from the external device to the processor or transmit data processed by the processor to the external device.

According to one embodiment, the mobile device further includes a speaker, and the speaker can be arranged to output sound according to operation of the mobile device.

FIG. 1 is a drawing for explaining a battery system according to one embodiment.
Figure 2 is a drawing for explaining an electrochemical model according to one embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the difference between a measured voltage and an estimated voltage according to one embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a process of updating the SEI resistance of the cathode, which is a degradation parameter, according to one embodiment.
FIGS. 5 to 9 are diagrams for explaining a process of updating the capacity of a positive electrode active material, which is a deterioration parameter, according to one embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a drawing for explaining the operation of a compensator according to one embodiment.
FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams for explaining a process of updating an electrode balance shift, which is a deterioration parameter, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a process for estimating a battery state according to one embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a process of updating a degradation parameter using one or more degradation variation amounts stored in a memory according to one embodiment.
FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining a battery state estimation device according to one embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a drawing for explaining a mobile device according to one embodiment.

Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments are disclosed for illustrative purposes only and may be implemented in various forms. Accordingly, the actual implemented form is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and the scope of the present disclosure includes modifications, equivalents, or alternatives included in the technical idea described in the embodiments.

Although the terms first or second may be used to describe various components, such terms should be construed only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a first component.

When it is said that a component is "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but there may also be other components in between.

Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, the terms "comprises" or "has" and the like are intended to specify the presence of a described feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but should be understood to not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning they have in the context of the relevant art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In describing with reference to the attached drawings, identical components are given the same reference numerals regardless of the drawing numbers, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a drawing for explaining a battery system according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, the battery system (100) includes a battery (110) and a battery state estimation device (120).

The battery (110) may be a rechargeable battery, including one or more battery cells, battery modules or battery packs.

The battery state estimation device (120) is a device that estimates the battery state for operating the battery (110), and may include, for example, a BMS (Battery Management System). The battery state estimation device (120) senses the battery (110) using one or more sensors and collects sensing data. For example, the sensing data may include voltage data, current data, and/or temperature data. Depending on the embodiment, the battery state estimation device (120) may not include a sensor, and may receive sensing data from an independent sensor or another device.

The battery state estimation device (120) can estimate state information of the battery (110) based on sensing data and output the result. The state information can include, for example, SOC (State of Charge), RSOC (Relative State of Charge), SOH (State of Health), and/or abnormality state information. The battery model used when estimating the state information is an electrochemical model, which will be described later with reference to FIG. 2.

The battery status estimation device (120) can estimate status information reflecting the deterioration status of the battery (110) by reflecting the deterioration status of the battery (110) in the battery model.

Deterioration factors of the battery (110) include not only an increase in a simple resistance component, but also a decrease in the amount of active material of the positive or negative electrode, occurrence of lithium plating, and various other factors. In particular, the aspect of deterioration may vary depending on the usage pattern and usage environment of the battery user. For example, even if the capacity decrease of the battery (110) is the same due to deterioration, the internal state of the deteriorated battery (110) may vary. In order to more accurately reflect deterioration in the battery model, the deterioration parameters of the battery estimated through analysis of the response characteristics (e.g., voltage, etc.) of the deteriorated battery depending on the user may be updated in the battery model.

Hereinafter, the battery status estimation device (120) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure 2 is a drawing for explaining an electrochemical model according to one embodiment.

Referring to Fig. 2, the electrochemical model can estimate the remaining battery capacity by modeling the internal physical phenomena of the battery, such as the ion concentration and potential of the battery. In other words, the electrochemical model can be expressed as a physical conservation equation related to the electrochemical reaction occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface, the concentration of the electrode/electrolyte, and the conservation of charge, and for this purpose, various model parameters such as shape (e.g., thickness, radius, etc.), OCP (Open Circuit Potential), and physical properties (e.g., electrical conductivity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficient, etc.) are used.

In an electrochemical model, several state variables such as concentration and potential can be coupled to each other. The estimated voltage (210) of the battery estimated in the electrochemical model is the potential difference between the ends of the positive and negative electrodes, and the ion concentration distribution of the positive and negative electrodes affects the potential of the positive and negative electrodes (220). In addition, the average ion concentration of the positive and negative electrodes can be estimated as the SOC (203) of the battery in the electrochemical model.

The ion concentration distribution may represent the ion concentration distribution (240) within the electrode or the ion concentration distribution (250) within active material particles present at a specific location within the electrode. The ion concentration distribution (240) within the electrode represents the surface ion concentration distribution or the average ion concentration distribution of active material particles positioned along the electrode direction, and the electrode direction may represent the direction connecting one end of the electrode (e.g., the boundary adjacent to the current collector) and the other end of the electrode (e.g., the boundary adjacent to the separator). In addition, the ion concentration distribution (250) within the active material particles represents the ion concentration distribution inside the active material particles along the direction of the center of the active material particles, and the direction of the center of the active material particles may represent the direction connecting the center of the active material particles and the surface of the active material particles.

In order to reduce the voltage difference between the sensing voltage and the estimated voltage by the compensator described through Fig. 10, the ion concentration distributions of each of the positive and negative electrodes are shifted while maintaining physical conservation related to concentration, the potentials of each of the positive and negative electrodes are derived based on the shifted concentration distributions, and the voltage can be calculated according to the derived potentials of each of the positive and negative electrodes. Through the operation of the compensator that derives the amount of internal state shift at which the voltage difference between the sensing voltage and the estimated voltage becomes 0, the battery state estimation device can estimate the SOC of the battery with higher accuracy.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the difference between a measured voltage and an estimated voltage according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3, the measured voltage and the estimated voltage that change as the battery is discharged by use are exemplarily illustrated. In FIG. 3, the measured voltage may represent the battery voltage measured by a voltage meter, and the estimated voltage may represent the battery voltage estimated from a battery model.

The initial electrochemical model reflects the fresh state of the battery before deterioration, and as the battery deteriorates, the error between the estimated voltage of the electrochemical model and the measured voltage of the actual battery with deterioration may gradually increase. In addition, even if the updated deterioration parameters are reflected in the electrochemical model, since the battery continues to deteriorate depending on the usage pattern or environment, the error between the estimated voltage of the electrochemical model reflecting the previous deterioration state and the measured voltage of the actual battery with further deterioration may gradually increase.

In the second graph (320), it can be seen that the difference between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage gradually increases as the battery deteriorates. The battery state estimation device can estimate the amount of change in the deterioration parameter based on the difference in response characteristics between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage and reflect it in the electrochemical model. The deterioration parameter is a parameter representing the deterioration state of the battery among a plurality of parameters included in the electrochemical model, and may include, for example, one or a combination of two or more of the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) resistance of the negative electrode, the capacity of the positive electrode active material, and the electrode balance shift.

The second graph (320) may correspond to a part of the entire usage section of the battery, and the voltage change in the entire usage section can be confirmed in the first graph (310). The second graph (320) represents a section in which the internal state of the electrochemical model is not corrected by the compensator to be described later, and the remaining sections of the first graph (310), excluding the section of the second graph (320), may have a graph form in which the internal state of the electrochemical model is corrected by the compensator, and the estimated voltage matches the measured voltage. However, since the compensator only corrects the SOC value of the battery or the internal state of the electrochemical model and does not correct the deterioration parameter belonging to the model parameters, if the compensator is temporarily turned off, the difference between the estimated voltage of the battery model and the actual measured voltage of the battery may gradually increase. The compensator will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 10.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a process of updating the SEI resistance of the cathode, which is a degradation parameter, according to one embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a graph exemplarily showing the estimated voltage and measured voltage, respectively, that change according to the change in battery current. The graph illustrated in Fig. 4 can show the voltage change in a relatively short time interval compared to the first graph (310) of Fig. 3. For example, when a task requiring a large amount of power is executed in an electronic device equipped with a battery, or when an electronic device in sleep mode wakes up, the battery current may suddenly increase. In addition, the current may change exemplarily as illustrated in Fig. 4 due to various other causes.

The SEI resistance of the negative electrode represents the resistance that occurs when an SEI layer is accumulated on the surface of the negative electrode due to the negative side reaction, and the SEI resistance of the negative electrode may gradually increase as the deterioration becomes more severe. The SEI resistance of the negative electrode can be updated based on the difference in response characteristics between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage while the compensator is off. The battery state estimation device can determine the resistance increase amount based on the amount of change in the estimated voltage, the amount of change in the measured voltage, and the amount of change in the current, which can be expressed by the mathematical formula below.

In the above mathematical expression 1, dV _Fresh represents the change amount of the estimated voltage of the battery estimated from the electrochemical model, and can be calculated for two points where the current change is greater than a predetermined threshold. Here, the electrochemical model can be an initial electrochemical model reflecting the fresh state of the battery where no deterioration has occurred or an electrochemical model reflecting the previous deterioration state. dV _Aged represents the change amount of the measured voltage of the actual battery. dI represents the current change amount, can be determined as F represents the Faraday constant, represents the change in current density. represents the increase in resistance, and using this, the change in SEI resistance of the cathode is as follows: It can be determined by the mathematical formula below.

In the mathematical expression 2 above, an represents the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material, eps _a,s represents the volume fraction of the negative electrode active material, and r _a represents the radius of the negative electrode active material. ln represents the thickness of the negative electrode, and area represents the area of the negative electrode.

The battery state estimation device can determine the amount of change in the SEI resistance of the negative electrode as the amount of deterioration change, and use this to update the SEI resistance of the negative electrode, which is one of the deterioration parameters. According to an embodiment, rather than the determined amount of change in the SEI resistance of the negative electrode being directly reflected in the deterioration parameter, the determined amount of change in the SEI resistance of the negative electrode is stored in memory, and when an update condition is reached, the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model can be updated according to values (e.g., an average value, a moving average value, etc.) that have been stored in the memory so far. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 14.

FIGS. 5 to 9 are diagrams for explaining a process of updating the capacity of a positive electrode active material, which is a deterioration parameter, according to one embodiment.

Referring to Figure 5, cell voltage, cathode OCP, and anode OCP according to battery discharge are shown.

The cell voltage represents the measured voltage of the battery and can be determined as V _CA - V _AN , and the size gradually decreases as the discharge due to battery use progresses. The positive OCP decreases relatively consistently compared to the negative OCP and the decrease slope gradually becomes smaller, whereas the negative OCP may have a relatively small slope initially compared to the positive OCP and then have a steep slope at the end. In particular, the negative OCP may have a slope of 0 or close to 0 initially. The capacity decrease of the positive active material described below may be determined in a section (510) in which the slope of the negative OCP is 0 or close to 0. The section (510) may correspond to a section in which the SOC of the battery is large. In other words, the section (510) in which the capacity decrease of the positive active material is estimated is a section in which the state information (e.g., SOC) of the battery is greater than a predetermined threshold or falls within a predetermined range, and the compensator may be controlled to be off in the section (510). In addition, by utilizing the fact that the battery status information has a certain correlation with the ion concentration and active material capacity of the battery, the section (510) may be detected based on either the ion concentration or the active material capacity of the battery in addition to the battery status information.

The capacity of the positive electrode active material is a quantitative representation of the phenomenon of decrease when the active material capable of accepting lithium ions in the positive electrode deteriorates. The more severe the deterioration, the greater the decrease in the capacity of the positive electrode active material can be. The capacity of the positive electrode active material can be updated based on the difference in response characteristics between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage while the compensator is off. The battery state estimation device can determine the capacity of the positive electrode active material by using the ratio between the response characteristics of the estimated voltage and the response characteristics of the measured voltage according to the discharge of the battery, and this can be expressed by the following mathematical formula.

In the mathematical expression 3 above, CA _capacity represents the capacity of the positive electrode active material reflected in the initial electrochemical model or the electrochemical model reflecting the previous deterioration state, CA _ratio represents the capacity change rate of the positive electrode active material determined as the ratio between the response characteristics, and can correspond to the deterioration change amount since it can be determined based on the degree of deterioration of the battery as explained below. CA _{capacity_deterioration} represents the capacity of the positive electrode active material reflected in the electrochemical model as a deterioration parameter.

The battery state estimation device can update the degradation parameter corresponding to the capacity of the positive electrode active material by reflecting the determined capacity CA _{capacity_deterioration} of the positive electrode active material to the electrochemical model. According to an embodiment, rather than directly reflecting the ratio between the determined response characteristics in the degradation parameter, the ratio between the determined response characteristics is stored in memory, and when the update condition is reached, the degradation parameter of the electrochemical model can be updated according to the values (e.g., average value, moving average value, etc.) that have been stored in the memory. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 14.

The ratio between the response characteristics can be determined based on the estimated voltages and the measured voltages at two points within the off-state interval of the compensator. For example, the ratio between the response characteristics can be the ratio between the slope determined from the estimated voltages at two points within the usage interval of the battery and the slope determined from the measured voltages, or the ratio between the area determined from the estimated voltages and the area determined from the measured voltages between two points within the usage interval of the battery. The two points within the usage interval can be the start and end points of the off-state interval of the compensator, or two points of a monotonically decreasing interval within the off-state interval. This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9.

Referring to FIG. 6, the ratio between the response characteristics can be determined as the ratio between the slope ₁ determined from the estimated voltages V1 _Fresh , V2 _Fresh and the slope 2 determined from the measured voltages V1 _Aged , V2 _Aged at the start point t ₁ and the end point t 2 of the off-state section of the compensator. In some embodiments, if the current of the battery decreases due to a change in the work performed by the electronic device at a specific time point t _a , the voltage of the battery may suddenly increase. However, the ratio between the response characteristics can be determined only based on the ratio between the slope ₁ determined from the estimated voltages V1 _Fresh , V2 _Fresh and the slope 2 determined from the measured voltages V1 _Aged , V2 _Aged at the start point t ₁ and the end point t 2 of the off-state section of the compensator. The difference between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage gradually increases over time due to the off-state of the compensator, and this characteristic difference can be expressed as the ratio between the slope 1 and the slope 2. The ratio between response characteristics can be expressed by the mathematical formula below.

Unlike the method of FIG. 6, FIG. 7 shows a case where two points t ₃ and t ₄ , which determine the ratio between the response characteristics, correspond to a monotonic decreasing section (710) in which the current change of the battery is below a predetermined threshold within the off-state section of the compensator. When the task performed by the electronic device changes while the compensator is off, the measured voltage and the estimated voltage of the battery may change rapidly. For example, when the electronic device performs a specific task and then the task ends and switches to sleep mode, or when it performs a heavy task and then performs a light task, the measured voltage and the estimated voltage of the battery may increase as the battery current decreases. In order to prevent the increase in the measured voltage and the estimated voltage of the battery due to the change in the battery current from affecting the response characteristics, a monotonic decreasing section (710) is identified within the off-state section of the compensator, and two points t ₃ and t ₄ within this monotonic decreasing section may be used to determine the ratio between the response characteristics. The monotonic decreasing section (710) is a section in which the current change of the battery is below a predetermined threshold, and may be a section in which no current change occurs due to work change, etc. At two points t ₃ and t ₄ corresponding to the start and end points of the monotonic decreasing section (710), a ratio between response characteristics may be determined based on the ratio between the slope 3 determined from the estimated voltages V3 _Fresh and V4 _Fresh and the slope 4 determined from the measured voltages V3 _Aged and V4 _Aged .

Unlike FIGS. 6 and 7, FIG. 8 shows an example in which the ratio between the response characteristics is determined as the ratio between area 1 determined from the estimated voltages between the start point t ₁ and the end point t ₂ of the off-state section of the compensator and area 2 determined from the measured voltages. Area 1 can be determined using the voltages starting from the first estimated voltage V1 _Fresh to the last estimated voltage V2 _Fresh of the off-state section. Similarly, area 2 can be determined using the voltages starting from the first measured voltage V1 _Aged to the last measured voltage V2 _Aged of the off-state section. The difference between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage gradually increases over time due to the off-state of the compensator, and this characteristic difference can be expressed as the ratio between area 1 and area 2. The ratio between the response characteristics can be expressed by the following mathematical equation.

Unlike the method of FIG. 8, FIG. 9 shows a case where two points t3 and t4, which determine the ratio between the response characteristics, correspond to a monotonic decreasing section (910) in which the current change of the battery is below a predetermined threshold within the off-state section of the compensator. The ratio between the response characteristics can be determined based on the ratio between the area 3 determined from the estimated voltages and the area 4 determined from the measured voltages between the two points _t3 and _t4 , which correspond to the start and end points of the monotonic decreasing section (910). Area 3 can be determined using the voltages starting from the first estimated voltage V3 _Fresh to the last estimated voltage V4 _Fresh of the monotonic decreasing section (910). Similarly, area 4 can be determined using the voltages starting from the first measured voltage V3 _Aged to the last measured voltage V4 _Aged of the monotonic decreasing section (910).

Fig. 10 is a drawing for explaining the operation of a compensator according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10, the compensator (1020) can compensate the internal state of the electrochemical model (1030) when an error occurs between the estimated voltage of the battery (1010) and the measured voltage estimated from the electrochemical model (1030).

When estimating state information using an electrochemical model (1030), an error may occur between sensor information measuring current, voltage, and temperature data input to the electrochemical model (1030) and state information calculated using a modeling technique, so error correction may be performed by a compensator (1020).

First, the voltage difference between the measured voltage of the battery (1010) measured by the sensor and the estimated voltage of the battery (1010) estimated by the electrochemical model (1030) can be determined.

And, the compensator (1020) can determine the state change amount of the battery (1010) by using the voltage difference, the previous state information estimated from the electrochemical model (1030), and the OCV (open circuit voltage) table. The compensator (1020) can obtain the open circuit voltage corresponding to the previous state information based on the OCV table, and determine the state change amount of the battery (1010) by reflecting the voltage difference to the open circuit voltage. For example, the state change amount can include the SOC change amount.

And, the compensator (1020) can update the internal state of the electrochemical model (1030) using the state change amount. For example, the internal state of the electrochemical model (1030) can include one or a combination of two or more of the voltage, overpotential, SOC, positive electrode lithium ion concentration distribution, negative electrode lithium ion concentration distribution, and electrolyte lithium ion concentration distribution of the battery (1010), and can have a profile form. The compensator (1020) can update the internal state of the electrochemical model (1030) by compensating the ion concentration distribution in the active material particles or the ion concentration distribution in the electrode based on the state change amount of the battery (1010).

And, the battery state estimation device can estimate the state information of the battery (1010) by using the internal state of the updated electrochemical model (1030).

In this way, the battery state estimation device can estimate the state information of the battery (1010) with higher accuracy through a feedback structure that updates the internal state of the electrochemical model (1030) by determining the amount of change in the state of the battery (1010) so that the voltage difference between the measured voltage of the battery (1010) and the estimated voltage estimated from the electrochemical model (1030) is minimized.

The operation of the compensator (1020) described above can be used to update the electrode balance shift, which is described in detail with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams for explaining a process of updating an electrode balance shift, which is a deterioration parameter, according to one embodiment.

Figure 11 shows the cell voltage, anode OCP, and cathode OCP in a fresh state where no degradation has occurred and in a deteriorated state where degradation has occurred.

The cell voltage graph shows the discharge due to battery use, and the difference between the voltage in the fresh state and the voltage in the deteriorated state can be greater at the end of the discharge, in a low SOC state, than at the high SOC state at the beginning of the discharge. In particular, a rapid change in voltage between the fresh state and the deteriorated state can occur at a low SOC state. The cause can be found in the OCP graph. While the difference between the fresh state and the deteriorated state is minimal for the positive OCP, the difference between the fresh state and the deteriorated state can be large for the negative OCP at low SOC. The negative OCP in the deteriorated state can have a form in which the negative OCP in the fresh state is shifted to the left, and this can be referred to as an electrode balance shift.

Electrode balance shift refers to the degree to which the balance between the positive and negative electrodes changes due to the phenomenon in which lithium ions chemically bond with the negative electrode through a side reaction and cannot return to the positive electrode. The more severe the deterioration, the greater the electrode balance shift can occur.

Referring to FIG. 12, the estimated voltage 1 of the battery estimated from the initial electrochemical model or the electrochemical model reflecting the previous deterioration state, the estimated voltage 2 of the battery estimated from the electrochemical model reflecting the increase in SEI resistance of the negative electrode and the decrease in capacity of the positive electrode active material, and the measured voltage of the battery in which actual deterioration occurred are shown.

The battery state estimation device can use the degree to which the state information (e.g., SOC) of the battery is corrected by the compensator in order to update the electrode balance shift, which is a deterioration parameter. The graph of FIG. 12 can be used to obtain the degree of correction by the compensator. The estimated voltage 1 may be a voltage estimated from an electrochemical model that does not reflect not only the electrode balance shift but also the increase in SEI resistance of the negative electrode or the decrease in capacity of the positive active material. In this case, since the compensator can also compensate for the difference due to other deterioration parameters, it may be difficult to obtain only the degree of correction by the compensator due to the electrode balance shift. The estimated voltage 2 is a voltage estimated from an electrochemical model that reflects the increase in SEI resistance of the negative electrode and the decrease in capacity of the positive active material. In this case, the degree of correction by the compensator may be due to the electrode balance shift. Therefore, the SOC correction amount may be determined according to the degree (1220) to which the estimated voltage 2 is corrected to the measured voltage by the compensator. Since the SOC correction amount by the compensator is determined according to the degree of deterioration of the battery, the SOC correction amount may correspond to the amount of deterioration change. The battery state estimation device can update the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model by converting the correction amount of the SOC by the compensator into the electrode balance shift value in a predetermined section. The predetermined section can be determined according to the SOC based on the internal state of the electrochemical model, and can be, for example, SOC 50 to 0%. The point (1210) of Fig. 12 can be the starting point for accumulating the correction amount of the compensator for estimating the electrode balance shift value.

In some embodiments, rather than the determined SOC correction amount being directly reflected in the deterioration parameter, the determined SOC correction amount may be stored in memory, and when an update condition is reached, the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model may be updated according to values stored in the memory (e.g., average value, moving average value, etc.). This will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 14.

FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a process for estimating a battery state according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 13, a flow chart is illustrated for estimating a battery state by a battery state estimation device.

In step (1301), the battery state estimation device can measure the state of the battery using a sensor. For example, the battery state estimation device can measure one or a combination of two or more of the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery. The measured data can have a profile form indicating a change in size over time.

In step (1302), the battery state estimation device can determine one or a combination of two of the estimated voltage and state information (e.g., SOC, RSOC, SOH, etc.) of the battery through an electrochemical model. At this time, the electrochemical model can consider one or a combination of two of the current and temperature measured in step (1301).

In step (1303), the battery state estimation device can correct one or a combination of two of the SOC value of the battery and the internal state of the electrochemical model by using the difference between the estimated voltage and the measured voltage through the compensator.

In step (1304), the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the detection range of the deterioration parameter. For example, the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the detection range of the deterioration parameter by using the estimated SOC of the battery. In addition, by using the fact that the SOC of the battery and the voltage of the battery have a certain correlation, the battery state estimation device can also determine whether the current state corresponds to the detection range of the deterioration parameter by using the estimated voltage of the battery. In the following description, for the convenience of explanation, a case in which it is determined whether the current state corresponds to the detection range of the deterioration parameter based on the estimated SOC of the battery is described as an example, but this explanation does not exclude a case in which it is determined whether the current state corresponds to the detection range of the deterioration parameter based on the estimated voltage of the battery.

The degradation parameters may include one or a combination of two or more of SEI resistance of the negative electrode for the battery, capacity of the positive active material, and electrode balance shift. Steps (1304) to (1309) may be performed independently for each degradation parameter, and are described separately for each degradation parameter.

First, we explain the case where the degradation parameter is the SEI resistance of the cathode.

In step (1304), the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to a deterioration parameter detection section using the estimated SOC of the battery. In the case of the SEI resistance of the negative electrode, the deterioration parameter can be estimated in various SOC ranges, but since the accuracy of the electrochemical model is high in a high SOC section with a small resistance value, the deterioration parameter can be estimated in a high SOC section. In addition, in order to estimate the SEI resistance of the negative electrode, the compensator must be turned off. If the compensator is turned off in a section different from the section for estimating the capacity of the positive active material, the proportion of the compensator-off section in the entire operation section may increase. In order to minimize the compensator-off section, the SEI resistance of the negative electrode can be estimated together when the compensator is turned off for estimating the capacity of the positive active material. In other words, the detection section of the SEI resistance of the negative electrode can be set to be the same as the detection section of the capacity of the positive active material. In summary, the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the deterioration parameter detection section based on whether the estimated SOC of the battery is greater than a predetermined threshold or falls within a predetermined range. In addition, by utilizing the fact that the SOC of the battery has a certain correlation with the ion concentration and the active material capacity of the battery, the battery state estimation device can also determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the deterioration parameter detection section based on whether either the ion concentration and the active material capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined threshold or falls within a predetermined range. For example, the detection section may correspond to the section (510) illustrated in FIG. 5.

In step (1305), the battery state estimation device can control the compensator to be turned off for a certain period of time to estimate the SEI resistance of the negative electrode. After the period of time has elapsed, the battery state estimation device can control the compensator to be turned on again.

In step (1306), the battery state estimation device can estimate the amount of deterioration change in the battery by using the measured voltage and the estimated voltage. For example, the battery state estimation device can determine the amount of resistance increase based on the amount of change in the estimated battery voltage, the amount of change in the measured voltage, and the amount of change in the current, and can determine the amount of change in the negative SEI resistance as the amount of deterioration change based on the amount of resistance increase.

In step (1307), the battery state estimation device can store the change amount of the negative SEI resistance, which is the estimated deterioration change amount, in memory. The memory can be an internal memory of the battery state estimation device, or an external memory connected to the battery state estimation device via a wired and/or wireless network.

In step (1308), the battery state estimation device can determine whether the update condition of the negative SEI resistance has been reached. This is described in detail with reference to Fig. 14. If the update condition has been reached, step (1309) may be performed subsequently, and conversely, if the update condition has not been reached, step (1302) may be performed subsequently.

In step (1309), the battery state estimation device can update the SEI resistance value of the negative electrode corresponding to the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model by using one or more deterioration changes stored in the memory. This is described in detail with reference to FIG. 14.

Some or all of the model parameters of the electrochemical model have mutual influence, so that changes in some model parameters may affect other model parameters. The battery state estimation device can update model parameters other than the SEI resistance value of the negative electrode of the electrochemical model based on the SEI resistance value of the negative electrode.

Next, we explain the case where the degradation parameter is the capacity of the positive electrode active material.

In step (1304), the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the deterioration parameter detection section based on whether the estimated SOC of the battery is greater than a predetermined threshold or falls within a predetermined range. In addition, the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the deterioration parameter detection section based on whether the section is one in which the capacity reduction characteristic of the positive electrode active material is maximized. For example, the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to the deterioration parameter detection section based on whether the estimated SOC of the battery corresponds to a section in which the change in the negative electrode OCP of the battery is less than or equal to a first predetermined threshold and the change in the positive electrode OCP of the battery is greater than or equal to a second predetermined threshold. For example, as in section (510) of FIG. 5, if the change in the negative electrode OCP is minimal while the change in the positive electrode OCP is large and the estimated SOC of the battery is greater than or equal to a certain level, the battery state estimation device can determine that the current state of the battery corresponds to the deterioration parameter detection section.

Whether the change in the negative OCP of the battery is below a first threshold value and the change in the positive OCP of the battery is above a second threshold value can be determined by directly measuring the negative OCP and the positive OCP. However, depending on the embodiment, it can also be determined based on whether the corresponding ion concentration and/or active material capacity of the battery correspond to the corresponding section.

In step (1305), the battery state estimation device can control the compensator to be turned off for a certain period of time to estimate the capacity of the positive electrode active material. After the period of time has elapsed, the battery state estimation device can control the compensator to be turned on again.

In step (1306), the battery state estimation device can determine the ratio between the response characteristics of the estimated voltage and the response characteristics of the measured voltage according to one or a combination of the discharge and current changes of the battery as the amount of deterioration change.

Since the description of steps (1307) to (1309) described above can be similarly applied to the case of the capacity of the positive electrode active material in terms of the deterioration parameter, a more detailed description is omitted.

Finally, we describe the case where the degradation parameter is the electrode balance shift.

In step (1304), the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to a deterioration parameter detection section based on whether any one of the estimated SOC of the battery, the ion concentration of the battery, and the active material capacity is less than a predetermined threshold or falls within a predetermined range. In addition, the battery state estimation device can determine whether the current state of the battery corresponds to a deterioration parameter detection section based on whether it is a section in which an electrode balance shift characteristic is maximized. For example, whether it is a section in which an electrode balance shift characteristic is maximized can be determined based on any one of the SOC of the battery, the ion concentration of the battery, and the active material capacity.

In step (1305), the battery state estimation device can control the compensator to be turned on for electrode balance shift estimation.

In step (1306), the battery state estimation device can determine the degree to which the SOC value is corrected by the compensator as a deterioration change amount.

Since the description of steps (1307) to (1309) described above can be similarly applied to the case where the deterioration parameter is an electrode balance shift, a more detailed description is omitted.

In step (1310), the battery state estimation device can determine whether a termination condition has been reached. For example, if a predetermined operating time has elapsed, it can be determined that a termination condition has been reached. If the predetermined operating time has not elapsed, step (1301) can be performed subsequently. Conversely, if the predetermined operating time has elapsed, the battery state estimation operation can be terminated.

Through the operation of the battery state estimation device described above, the deterioration parameters of the electrochemical model can be updated to actively follow the deterioration state of an actual battery that deteriorates differently depending on the usage pattern or environment of the battery.

Since the matters described above through FIGS. 1 to 12 are applied to each step illustrated in FIG. 13, a more detailed description is omitted.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a process of updating a degradation parameter using one or more degradation variation amounts stored in a memory according to one embodiment.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example in which the deterioration change amount is stored in the memory each time it is estimated. A _n-1 , A _n , ..., A _n+3 in FIG. 14 may represent deterioration change amounts estimated sequentially. When the deterioration change amount A _n+3 is estimated and an update condition is reached, the final deterioration change amount A* to be used for updating the deterioration parameter may be determined according to one or more deterioration change amounts stored in the memory. For example, the final deterioration change amount A* may be determined as a statistical value (e.g., an average value, a moving average value, etc.) of the deterioration change amounts A _n , ..., A _n+3 between the current time point that reaches the update condition and the last time point. Alternatively, the final deterioration change amount A* may be determined as a statistical value of the n most recently estimated deterioration change amounts based on the current time point that reaches the update condition (n is a natural number). In this case, depending on the situation (e.g., when n is 5), the degradation change (e.g., A _n-1 ) that was used to determine the previous degradation parameter may also be used in this update.

The update condition may be determined based on one or more combinations of the number of cycles, accumulated usage capacity, accumulated usage time, and the number of deterioration changes stored in the memory of the battery. For example, in order to update the deterioration parameters by using various deterioration changes accumulated as the battery is charged and discharged multiple times, one or more combinations of the number of cycles, accumulated usage capacity, accumulated usage time, and the number of deterioration changes stored in the memory of the battery may be used as the update condition. The update condition may be set independently for each of the SEI resistance of the negative electrode, the capacity of the positive active material, and the electrode balance shift, so that a specific deterioration parameter may be updated more frequently than other deterioration parameters, but embodiments of the update condition are not limited thereto.

FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining a battery state estimation device according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 15, a battery state estimation device (1500) includes a memory (1510) and a processor (1520). According to an embodiment, the battery state estimation device (1500) may further include a sensor (1530). The memory (1510), the processor (1520), and the sensor (1530) may communicate with each other through a bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), a Network on a Chip (NoC), etc.

The memory (1510) may include computer-readable instructions. The processor (1520) may perform the operations mentioned above as the instructions stored in the memory (1510) are executed by the processor (1520). The memory (1510) may include volatile memory and non-volatile memory. The memory (1510) stores an electrochemical model corresponding to the battery. Storing the electrochemical model may indicate storing relationship information between model parameters and variables of the electrochemical model.

For example, the volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may be 2 to 8 Kbytes per unit cell. If the battery includes multiple cells, the capacity of the volatile memory may further increase according to the number of cells. For example, if the battery includes three unit cells, the capacity of the volatile memory may be 6 to 24 Kbytes.

The nonvolatile memory may include flash memory and may store a lookup table (e.g., OCV table) used in the electrochemical model, an estimated degradation change amount, and compiled code executed in the battery state estimation device (1500). For example, the capacity of the nonvolatile memory may be 20 to 100 Kbytes per unit cell, and similarly, if the battery includes multiple cells, the capacity size may be further increased.

The sensor (1530) can measure the voltage of the battery. According to one embodiment, the battery state estimation device (1500) may additionally include a sensor for measuring the current of the battery and/or a sensor for measuring the temperature of the battery. Information measured by the sensor (1530) can be transmitted to the processor (1520). The sensor (1530) may or may not be a part of the battery state estimation device (1500). For example, the sensor (1530) may be a part of the battery, and the battery state estimation device (1500) may receive and use the measured value of the sensor (1530).

The processor (1520) is a device that executes commands or programs or controls the battery state estimation device (1500), and may be, for example, an MCU (Micro Controller Unit). The processor (1520) estimates a deterioration change amount of the battery by using the measured voltage of the battery and the estimated voltage obtained from the electrochemical model, and updates the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model by using the deterioration change amount. In addition, the processor (1520) can estimate the state information of the battery by using the electrochemical model to which the updated deterioration parameter is applied.

The estimated deterioration change amount described above is used to update the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model and can be stored in nonvolatile memory. When the battery state estimation device (1500) is reset, the deterioration change amount stored in the volatile memory is erased, and the processor (1520) can update the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model based on the deterioration change amount stored in the nonvolatile memory.

The battery state estimation device (1500) can be mounted on a PMIC (power management integrated circuit) or an FGIC (fuel gauge integrated circuit) and can reflect the deterioration state of the battery to the electrochemical model. Since the battery state estimation device (1500) can estimate the deterioration parameter of the battery through a simple method of comparing the voltage response characteristic according to the input current by utilizing a compensator, the deterioration can be reflected to the electrochemical model even at a low cost. In addition, since the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model is updated according to the response characteristic of the battery, the deterioration according to the usage pattern and usage environment of the battery can be actively reflected to the electrochemical model. In addition, since the deterioration parameter of the electrochemical model is directly updated, the battery can be rapidly charged while effectively avoiding the deterioration acceleration condition.

In addition, the battery state estimation device (1500) can process the above-described operation.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a battery state estimation method according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 16, a battery state estimation method performed by a processor equipped in a battery state estimation device is illustrated.

In step (1610), the battery state estimation device obtains a measured voltage of the battery from a sensor connected to the battery.

In step (1620), the battery state estimation device obtains an estimated voltage of the battery from an electrochemical model stored in memory.

In step (1630), the battery state estimation device estimates the amount of deterioration change of the battery by using the measured voltage and the estimated voltage. The battery state estimation device can estimate the amount of deterioration change by using the difference in response characteristics between the estimated voltage of the battery and the measured voltage of the battery. For example, the battery state estimation device can determine the amount of resistance increase based on the amount of change in the estimated voltage according to the change in the current of the battery, the amount of change in the measured voltage, and the amount of change in the current, and can determine the amount of change in the negative SEI resistance as the amount of deterioration change based on the amount of resistance increase. The battery state estimation device can determine the ratio between the response characteristics of the estimated voltage and the response characteristics of the measured voltage according to the discharge of the battery as the amount of deterioration change. At this time, the compensator for the electrochemical model can be controlled to an off state.

Additionally, the battery state estimation device can determine the degree to which the state information is corrected by the compensator as a deterioration change amount in response to the case where the compensator is controlled to be on.

In step (1640), the battery state estimation device updates the deterioration parameters of the electrochemical model using the deterioration change amount. For example, the battery state estimation device may update the deterioration parameters using one or more deterioration change amounts stored in the memory in response to reaching an update condition for the deterioration parameters. The update condition may be determined based on one or a combination of two or more of the number of cycles of the battery, the accumulated usage capacity, the accumulated usage time, and the number of deterioration change amounts stored in the memory.

Although not shown in Fig. 16, the battery state estimation device can additionally estimate the state information of the battery by using an electrochemical model to which updated degradation parameters are applied. The degradation parameters may include one or a combination of two or more of the SEI resistance of the negative electrode for the battery, the capacity of the positive active material, and the electrode balance shift.

Since the matters described above through FIGS. 1 to 15 are applied to each step illustrated in FIG. 16, a more detailed description is omitted.

FIGS. 17 and 18 are drawings for explaining a mobile device according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 17, a mobile device (1700) includes a battery (1710) and a battery state estimation device (1720). The mobile device (1700) may be a device that uses the battery (1710) as a power source. For example, the battery (1710) may have a single cell standard capacity of 10Ah or less and may be a pouch type cell, but is not limited to the above-described example. The mobile device (1700) may be a portable terminal, for example, a smart phone. A display provided in the mobile device (1700) may display information about the battery and/or an operation screen of the mobile device (1700). In FIG. 17, for convenience of explanation, the mobile device (1700) is described as a smart phone, but various terminals such as a laptop, a tablet PC, and a wearable device may be applied without limitation.

The battery state estimation device (1720) can estimate state information of the battery (1710) using an electrochemical model corresponding to the battery (1710). The battery state estimation device (1720) can estimate a deterioration change amount of the battery based on the measured voltage and the estimated voltage, and update a deterioration parameter based on the deterioration change amount.

Referring to FIG. 18, the mobile device (1800) includes a display (1810), a battery (1820), a memory (1830), and a processor (1840). Furthermore, the mobile device (1800) may further include a camera (1850), a cover (not shown in the drawing), a communication unit (1860), and a speaker (1870).

The display (1810) can display data processed by the processor (1840) or operations of the mobile device (1800). For example, the diagonal length of the display (1810) can be 10 cm to 70 cm. Further, the diagonal length of the display (1810) can be 50 cm or less. In addition, the display (1810) can be a touchscreen display (1810) that detects a touch gesture input by a user. The touch gesture detected by the touchscreen display (1810) can be transmitted to the processor (1840) and processed.

The battery (1820) can supply power for the mobile device (1800) to operate. For example, the battery (1820) can supply power to the display (1810), memory (1830), processor (1840), camera (1850), cover, communication unit (1860), and speaker (1870). The unit cell capacity of the battery (1820) can be 10Ah or less.

The memory (1830) can store an electrochemical model of the battery (1820) and can include volatile memory and nonvolatile memory. For example, the capacity of the volatile memory can be 2 to 8 Kbytes per unit cell and can increase according to the number of unit cells included in the battery (1820). The capacity of the nonvolatile memory can be 20 to 10 Kbytes per unit cell and can similarly increase according to the number of unit cells included in the battery (1820).

The processor (1840) can estimate the voltage of the battery (1820) using an electrochemical model. In addition, the processor (1840) can control the overall operation of the mobile device (1800). For example, the processor (1840) can display the estimated voltage of the battery (1820) on the display (1810). The processor (1840) can be a micro controller unit (MCU).

The mobile device (1800) may further include a PMIC. Memory (1830) and processor (1840) may be included in the PMIC. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, memory (1830) and processor (1840) may not be included in the PMIC.

The camera (1850) may be positioned to capture a user looking at the display (1810). For example, the camera (1850) may be positioned on the same side of the mobile device (1800) as the display (1810), but is not limited to the above-described example, and may capture pictures and/or videos in various directions on the mobile device (1800). Depending on the embodiment, the mobile device (1800) may include multiple cameras (1850).

The cover may cover a portion of the mobile device (1800) other than the display (1810). The battery (1820), memory (1830), processor (1840), and communication unit (1860) may be placed between the cover and the display (1810).

The communication unit (1860) can perform communication with an external device. The communication unit (1860) can transmit data received from an external device to the processor (1840) or transmit data processed by the processor (1840) to the external device.

The speaker (1870) may be positioned to output sound according to the operation of the mobile device (1800). For example, the speaker (1870) may be positioned on the same side as the display (1810) to output sound to a user looking at the display (1810), but is not limited to the above-described example, and may be positioned in various directions on the mobile device (1800) to output sound.

Since the matters described through FIGS. 1 to 16 can be applied to the matters described through FIGS. 17 and 18, a detailed description is omitted.

The embodiments described above may be implemented as hardware components, software components, and/or a combination of hardware components and software components. For example, the devices, methods, and components described in the embodiments may be implemented using a general-purpose computer or a special-purpose computer, such as, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing instructions and responding to them. The processing device may execute an operating system (OS) and software applications running on the OS. In addition, the processing device may access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to the execution of the software. For ease of understanding, the processing device is sometimes described as being used alone, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the processing device may include multiple processing elements and/or multiple types of processing elements. For example, a processing device may include multiple processors, or a processor and a controller. Other processing configurations, such as parallel processors, are also possible.

The software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, which may configure a processing device to perform a desired operation or may independently or collectively command the processing device. The software and/or data may be permanently or temporarily embodied in any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device, or transmitted signal waves, for interpretation by the processing device or for providing instructions or data to the processing device. The software may also be distributed over network-connected computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. The software and data may be stored on a computer-readable recording medium.

The method according to the embodiment may be implemented in the form of program commands that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may store program commands, data files, data structures, etc., alone or in combination, and the program commands recorded on the medium may be those specially designed and configured for the embodiment or may be those known to and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floptical disks, and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program commands such as ROMs, RAMs, and flash memories. Examples of program commands include not only machine language codes generated by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

Although the embodiments have been described with limited drawings as described above, those skilled in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based on them. For example, even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than the described method, and/or the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or combined in a different form than the described method, or are replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents, appropriate results can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims are also included in the scope of the claims described below.

Claims (33)

In a battery state estimation method executed by a processor,
A step of obtaining a measurement voltage of the battery from a sensor connected to the battery;
A step of obtaining an estimated voltage of the battery from an electrochemical model stored in memory;
A step of selectively applying a correction to the electrochemical model between the on and off states, each corresponding to performing and not performing the correction application;
A step of estimating the amount of deterioration change in the battery by using the measured voltage and the estimated voltage; and
A step of updating the deterioration parameters of the electrochemical model using the estimated deterioration change amount.
Including,
The step of estimating the above deterioration change amount is performed in the off state.
How to estimate battery status.
In the first paragraph,
The step of estimating the above deterioration change amount is
Estimating the amount of deterioration change by using the difference in response characteristics between the estimated voltage of the battery and the measured voltage of the battery.
How to estimate battery status.
In the second paragraph,
The step of estimating the above deterioration change amount is
The amount of resistance increase is determined based on the amount of change in the estimated voltage of the battery, the amount of change in the measured voltage, and the amount of change in current, and the amount of change in the negative SEI resistance is determined as the amount of deterioration change based on the amount of resistance increase.
How to estimate battery status.
In the second paragraph,
The step of estimating the above deterioration change amount is
The ratio between the response characteristics of the estimated voltage and the response characteristics of the measured voltage according to the discharge of the battery is determined as the amount of change in deterioration.
How to estimate battery status.
In paragraph 4,
The ratio between the above response characteristics is
The ratio between the slope determined from the estimated voltages at two points within the usage range of the battery and the slope determined from the measured voltages; and
The ratio between the area determined from estimated voltages and the area determined from measured voltages between two points within the usage range of the above battery.
One of them,
How to estimate battery status.
In paragraph 5,
The two points within the above battery usage period are
Corresponds to the start and end points of the off-state interval of the compensator for the above electrochemical model, or
In the above off state section, the current change of the battery falls within a section below a first threshold value set in advance.
How to estimate battery status.
In the second paragraph,
The step of estimating the above deterioration change amount is
Estimating the amount of deterioration change in response to the case where the compensator for the above electrochemical model is controlled to the off state,
How to estimate battery status.
In the first paragraph,
A step of controlling the operating state of a compensator for the electrochemical model by using the battery state information estimated from the electrochemical model.
Including more
How to estimate battery status.
In Article 8,
The steps for controlling the above operating state are:
Controlling the compensator to an off state in response to a case where any one of the state information of the battery, the ion concentration and the active material capacity is greater than a predetermined second threshold or falls within a predetermined first range;
How to estimate battery status.
In Article 8,
The steps for controlling the above operating state are:
If any one of the state information, ion concentration and active material capacity of the battery corresponds to a section in which the change in the negative OCP of the battery is below a predetermined third threshold and the change in the positive OCP of the battery is above a predetermined fourth threshold, the compensator is controlled to an off state.
How to estimate battery status.
In Article 8,
The step of estimating the above deterioration change amount is
In response to the above compensator being controlled to the on state, the degree to which the state information is corrected by the compensator is determined by the amount of deterioration change.
How to estimate battery status.
In Article 8,
The steps for controlling the above operating state are:
Controlling the compensator to an on state in response to a case where any one of the state information of the battery, the ion concentration and the active material capacity is less than a predetermined fifth threshold or falls within a predetermined second range;
How to estimate battery status.
In Article 8,
The steps for controlling the above operating state are:
If any one of the state information, ion concentration and active material capacity of the battery corresponds to a section where the change in the negative OCP of the battery exceeds a predetermined sixth threshold, the compensator is controlled to be in the on state.
How to estimate battery status.
In the first paragraph,
A step of storing the above deterioration change amount in the above memory.
Including more,
The step of updating the above deterioration parameters is
In response to reaching an update condition for the above deterioration parameter, updating the deterioration parameter using one or more deterioration changes stored in the memory.
How to estimate battery status.
In Article 14,
The above update conditions are
Determined based on one or more combinations of the number of cycles of the battery, the accumulated usage capacity, the accumulated usage time, and the number of deterioration changes stored in the memory.
How to estimate battery status.
In the first paragraph,
The above deterioration parameters are
A combination of one or more of SEI resistance of the negative electrode, capacity of the positive electrode active material, and electrode balance shift for the battery.
How to estimate battery status.
In the first paragraph,
A step of estimating the state information of the battery using an electrochemical model to which the updated deterioration parameters are applied.
Including more
How to estimate battery status.
A computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program for executing any one of the methods of claims 1 to 17.
A memory that stores an electrochemical model corresponding to a battery;
a sensor for measuring the voltage of the above battery; and
The deterioration change amount of the battery is estimated in the off state using the measured voltage of the battery and the estimated voltage obtained from the electrochemical model,
Optionally apply corrections to the above electrochemical model,
A processor that updates the deterioration parameters of the electrochemical model using the above deterioration change amount.
Including,
The operational state of the optional application for the above correction includes an on state and an off state corresponding to the performance and non-performance of the application of the above correction, respectively.
Battery condition estimation device.
display;
A battery that powers the above display;
a memory storing an electrochemical model of the battery; and
Using the above electrochemical model, the voltage of the battery is estimated,
Based on the state information of the battery estimated using the electrochemical model, the operation state is selectively set between the on state and the off state corresponding to the performance and non-performance of the correction application for the electrochemical model, respectively.
A processor that determines to what extent the status information of the battery has been corrected in the above off state and in the above on state.
Including
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The diagonal length of the above display is 10 cm to 70 cm,
Mobile devices.
In Article 21,
The diagonal length of the above display is less than 50 cm,
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The unit cell capacity of the above battery is 10Ah or less,
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above processor is a micro controller unit (MCU).
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The capacity of the volatile memory included in the above memory is 2 to 8 Kbytes per unit cell.
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The capacity of the nonvolatile memory included in the above memory is 20 to 100 Kbytes per unit cell.
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above mobile device further includes a PMIC (power management integrated circuit),
The above memory and the above processor are included in the PMIC,
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above mobile device further comprises a PMIC,
The above memory and the above processor are not included in the PMIC,
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above mobile device further comprises a camera,
The above camera is positioned to capture a user looking at the above display.
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above mobile device further comprises a cover,
The above battery, memory and processor are placed between the cover and the display.
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above display is a touchscreen display that detects touch gestures input from a user.
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above mobile device further includes a communication unit that performs communication with an external device,
The above communication unit transmits data received from the external device to the processor, or transmits data processed by the processor to the external device.
Mobile devices.
In Article 20,
The above mobile device further comprises a speaker,
The above speaker is arranged to output sound according to the operation of the mobile device.
Mobile devices.

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