KR102740468B1 - 높은 사이클 안정성을 위한 표면 탄소 코팅된 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
높은 사이클 안정성을 위한 표면 탄소 코팅된 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008161 low-grade oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102100021202 Desmocollin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000968043 Homo sapiens Desmocollin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000880960 Homo sapiens Desmocollin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 and among them Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/12—Organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/223—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating specially adapted for coating particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
(1) 중량평균분자량 400 내지 500 달톤
(2) 2 내지 3개의 방향족 환을 함유하는 탄화수소화합물의 함량이 85 내지 95중량%
(3) 4 개 이상의 방향족 환을 포함하는 탄화수소화합물의 함량이 5중량% 이하
(4) 지방족 탄화수소화합물의 함량이 2중량% 이하
Description
도 2a내지 도 2d는 각 실시예 및 비교예의 XPS 분석 결과 그래프이다. 도 2b는 survey spectra를 통하여 계산한 원자 함량 그래프이다. 도 2c, 도 2d는 C1 디콘보루션(deconvolution) 결과 그래프이다.
도 3은 각 실시예 및 비교예의 라만 스펙트럼 분석 결과 그래프이다.
도 4a 내지 도 4c는 각각 비교예 1, 실시예 1, 비교예 2의 표면 TEM 분석 사진이다.
도 4d 내지 도 4f는 각각 비교예 1, 실시예 1, 비교예 2의 SEM 분석 사진이다.
도 5a는 0.1C 전류로 충방전을 진행한 결과를 나타낸 도면이다.
도 5b는 다양한 C-rate에서의 용량 특성을 평가한 결과를 나타낸 도면이다.
도 5c는 1.0C의 율속으로 80회 충방전을 진행한 결과를 나타낸 도면이다.
비교예 1 (SiOx) |
실시예 1 (SiOx@C 200) |
비교예 2 (SiOx@C 400) |
|
Si (at%) | 28.74 | 0.53 | 0.81 |
O (at%) | 50.02 | 7.71 | 8.96 |
C (at%) | 21.23 | 91.75 | 90.23 |
결합에너지 (eV) |
함량 (at%) | ||
실시예 1 (SiOx@C 200) |
비교예 2 (SiOx@C 400) |
||
C=C | 284.5 | 70.05 | 73.0 |
C-C | 285.4 | 17.14 | 15.24 |
C-O | 286.1 | 5.49 | 5.28 |
C=O | 288.0 | 1.15 | 2.08 |
O=C-O | 289.0 | 6.18 | 4.41 |
sp2/sp3 | - | 4.09 | 4.79 |
비교예 1 | 실시예 1 | 비교예 2 | |
ID1/IG | - | 1.00 | 0.98 |
ID3/IG | - | 0.55 | 0.54 |
Claims (10)
- 불활성분위기 하에 하기 조건 (1) 내지 (4)를 만족하는 석유계 저급 오일을 100 내지 300℃에서 10분 이상 열처리하여 SiOx(0<x≤2)를 포함하는 입자의 표면 상에 비정질 탄소코팅층을 증착하는 단계; 및
상기 증착된 비정질 탄소코팅층을 탄화시키는 단계;를 포함하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질의 제조방법으로서,
상기 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질은 비정질 탄소코팅층의 두께가 10 내지 20 ㎚인 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질 제조방법:
(1) 중량평균분자량 400 내지 500 달톤
(2) 2 내지 3개의 방향족 환을 함유하는 탄화수소화합물의 함량이 85 내지 95중량%
(3) 4 개 이상의 방향족 환을 포함하는 탄화수소화합물의 함량이 5중량% 이하
(4) 지방족 탄화수소화합물의 함량이 2중량% 이하. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 SiOx(0<x≤2)를 포함하는 입자와 상기 석유계 저급 오일의 중량비가 1:4 내지 1:6인 것을 특징으로 하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상온에서부터 100 내지 300℃의 온도까지 4 내지 6℃/min의 승온속도로 가열하는 것을 포함하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 증착하는 단계는,
물리적 기상 증착법(PVD)을 이용하여 증착하는 것을 포함하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 탄화시키는 단계는,
상기 석유계 저급 오일의 가열온도인 100 내지 300℃에서 900 내지 1000℃까지 8 내지 12℃/min의 승온속도로 가열한 다음, 30분 이상 열처리하는 것을 포함하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항의 제조방법에 따라 제조된 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질.
- SiOx (0<x≤2)를 포함하는 입자 및 상기 입자의 표면 상에 마련된 비정질 탄소코팅층을 포함하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질에 있어서,
514nm 파장의 레이저를 이용한 라만 스펙트럼 분석에서 ID1은 1300cm-1 내지 1400cm-1에서 나타나는 최대 피크 강도이며, IG는 1550cm-1 내지 1650cm-1에서 나타나는 최대 피크 강도이며, ID3는 1470cm-1 내지 1520cm-1에서 나타나는 최대 피크 강도라고 할 때,
피크 강도비 ID1/IG 값이 1.0 내지 1.05이며, 표준편차가 0.1 미만이며,
피크 강도비 ID3/IG 값이 0.5 내지 0.6이며, 표준편차가 0.1 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질로서,
상기 비정질 탄소코팅층의 두께가 10 내지 20nm인 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질. - 삭제
- 제7항에 있어서,
평균 입경이 1 내지 1.5㎛인 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질. - 제7항 및 제9항에서 선택되는 어느 한 항에 따른 실리콘 산화물계 음극활물질을 포함하는 실리콘 산화물계 음극.
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