KR102679541B1 - 리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법 - Google Patents
리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102679541B1 KR102679541B1 KR1020240007691A KR20240007691A KR102679541B1 KR 102679541 B1 KR102679541 B1 KR 102679541B1 KR 1020240007691 A KR1020240007691 A KR 1020240007691A KR 20240007691 A KR20240007691 A KR 20240007691A KR 102679541 B1 KR102679541 B1 KR 102679541B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법의 동작 알고리즘을 도시한 도면이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법의 파쇄 및 분류하는 동작에 대한 알고리즘을 도시한 도면이다.
Claims (3)
- 리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법에 있어서,
폐기된 리튬배터리를 방전 셀에 넣어 방전하는 방전단계;
리튬배터리를 파쇄기를 통해 파쇄하는 제1파쇄단계;
상기 파쇄기를 통해 파쇄된 리튬배터리를 건조하여 배출되는 가스, 전해질 및 흑색 분말을 포집하는 제1포집공정 단계;
상기 제1포집공정 단계를 거친 리튬배터리의 제1잔여물을 밀봉된 드럼 스크리닝 공정에 기초하여 양극 및 음극에 마련된 탄소 분말을 포집하는 제2포집공정 단계; 및
상기 제2포집공정 단계를 거친 리튬배터리의 제2잔여물을 중력 분리기를 통해 구리, 알루미늄 및 분리막 재료를 분리하고, 자석 분리기를 통해 자력이 미치는 금속을 수집하고, 분리막 재료와 구리, 알루미늄을 분리하는 분리공정 단계;를 포함하며,
상기 분리공정 단계는 상기 자석분리기를 통해 분리된 분리막 재료와 구리, 알루미늄을 미세 파쇄기를 통해 파쇄하는 제2파쇄단계;
상기 제2파쇄단계를 거친 리튬배터리 잔여물을 초음파 회전 진동체에 기초하여 잔류 미세 흑색 분말 및 격막을 분리하고, 구리 및 알루미늄을 입자와 크기에 따라 각각 분류하는 제1분류단계;
상기 제1분류단계를 거친 후 기 설정된 입자크기 미만으로 미세분리가 필요한 구리 및 알루미늄을 이송하여 비중 분류기를 통해 구리와 알루미늄을 분리 및 수집하여 99% 이상의 순도로 분류하는 제2분류단계를 포함하며,
상기 제2분류단계는
미세분리가 필요한 구리 및 알루미늄 혼합물을 세척하여 탈수 및 건조하는 단계;
세척이 완료된 상기 혼합물에 황산 또는 질산을 통해 오염물질이 제거되도록 산처리를 한 후, 산화방지를 위한 반응성 가스를 도포하여 산화를 방지하는 단계; 및
상기 산화를 방지하는 단계를 거친 구리 및 알루미늄의 상기 혼합물을 120도 내지 150도의 온도에서 10 내지 30분 동안 예열한 후 100도 내지 120도에서 45 내지 60분 동안 추가 건조하는 예열 및 건조단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법.
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 분리공정 단계는 상기 중력분리기를 기 설정된 회전패턴을 사용하도록 제어하는 단계를 포함하며,
상기 기 설정된 회전패턴은 초기 단계에서 상기 중력분기리의 회전 속도를 분당 300 내지 350회전(RPM)으로 설정하여 금속 입자들의 초기 분리를 촉진하며, 중간 단계에서 상기 중력분기리의 회전 속도를 분당 200 내지 250회전(RPM)으로 감소하도록 설정하며, 마지막 단계에서 상기 중력분기리의 회전 속도를 분당 100 내지 150회전(RPM)으로 감소하도록 설정하며,
상기 제2파쇄단계는 상기 미세 파쇄기에서의 리튬배터리가 파쇄되는 파쇄 영역을 제어하는 단계를 포함하며,
상기 파쇄 영역을 제어하는 단계는 파쇄가 진행될수록 상기 파쇄 영역을 점진적으로 줄이는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬배터리 분해 및 재활용 공정 방법.
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR102253804B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-18 | 안효수 | 자동차용 폐이차전지의 블랙파우더 선별분리방법 |
KR20230156432A (ko) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-11-14 | 쥐이엠 씨오., 엘티디 | 폐 리튬이온 배터리에서 유가금속을 회수하는 방법 |
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KR102253804B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-18 | 안효수 | 자동차용 폐이차전지의 블랙파우더 선별분리방법 |
KR20230156432A (ko) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-11-14 | 쥐이엠 씨오., 엘티디 | 폐 리튬이온 배터리에서 유가금속을 회수하는 방법 |
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