KR102652166B1 - 바이오 기반 액화 석유 가스의 생산 - Google Patents
바이오 기반 액화 석유 가스의 생산 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 통상적인 바이오 기반 LPG 생산 과정을 도시한 것으로, 여기서 프로판은 지방산이 글리세롤 골격으로부터 절단됨에 따라 (예를 들어, 식물성 오일/탈로우 공급원의) 트리글리세리드 크래킹의 부산물로서 생성된다. 전형적으로, 프로판은 이러한 방식으로 생성될 때 출발 탄소의 단지 약 5%만을 나타낸다.
도 3a는 단일 반응기에서 C3-C4 알코올의 탈수/수소화에 의한 본 개시내용의 LPG 생산 과정의 양태를 도시한다. 도 3b는 2개의 개별 반응기에서 C3-C4 알코올의 탈수/수소화에 의한 본 개시내용의 LPG 생산 과정의 양태를 도시한다.
도 4는 에탄올의 탈수/이량체화/수소화에 의한 본 개시내용의 LPG 생산 과정의 양태를 도시한다.
도 5는 에탄올의 카보닐화/수소화에 의한 본 개시내용의 LPG 생산 과정의 양태를 도시한다.
Claims (34)
- 액화 석유 가스를 제조하는 방법으로서, 이소프로판올, 1-프로판올, 부탄올, 또는 부탄올의 이성질체로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 알코올을 포함하는 공급물 스트림을 하나 이상의 촉매와 접촉시켜 프로판 및/또는 부탄을 포함하는 생성물 스트림을 생성하는 단계를 포함하며;
상기 공급물 스트림은 CO, CO2, CH4, 또는 이들의 임의의 혼합물을 포함하는 가스상 기질의 미생물 발효 생성물이고; 상기 공급물 스트림은 30 중량% 이하의 물 함량을 가지는 것인, 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 하나 이상의 촉매는 탈수 촉매 및/또는 수소화 촉매를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 촉매는 산성 알루미나, 알루미늄 포스페이트, 실리카-알루미나 포스페이트, 비정질 실리카-알루미나, 알루미노실리케이트, 지르코니아, 설페이트화 지르코니아, 텅스텐화 지르코니아, 텅스텐 카바이드, 몰리브덴 카바이드, 티타니아, 설페이트화 탄소, 포스페이트화 탄소, 포스페이트화 실리카, 포스페이트화 알루미나, 산성 수지, 헤테로폴리산, 무기산, 및 이들의 임의의 조합으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 촉매는 Ni-알루미나, Pd-C, 라니-Ni, Co, 또는 Pt 촉매, 또는 이들의 임의의 조합을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 탈수 반응기는 탈수 촉매를 포함하고 수소화 반응기는 수소화 촉매를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매는 탈수 촉매의 작용기 및 수소화 촉매의 작용기를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,
(a) 상기 탈수 반응기에서, 이소프로판올, 1-프로판올, 부탄올, 또는 부탄올의 이성질체로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 알코올을 포함하는 상기 공급물 스트림을 상기 탈수 촉매와 접촉시켜 C3 알켄 및/또는 C4 알켄을 포함하는 유출물 스트림을 생성하는 단계; 및
(b) 상기 수소화 반응기에서, C3 알켄 및/또는 C4 알켄을 포함하는 상기 유출물 스트림을 수소 및 상기 수소화 촉매와 접촉시켜 프로판 및/또는 부탄을 포함하는 생성물 스트림을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제7항에 있어서,
(a) 상기 C3 알켄은 프로펜을 포함하며;
(b) 상기 C4 알켄은 부텐, 부텐의 이성질체, 및/또는 부타디엔을 포함하는, 방법. - 제7항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 반응기는 100℃ 내지 500℃, 350℃ 내지 450℃, 또는 375℃ 내지 425℃의 온도에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 반응기는 0.2 MPa 내지 2 MPa, 0.2 MPa 내지 1 MPa, 또는 0.2 MPa 내지 0.7 MPa의 압력에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 반응기는 1 h-1 내지 10 h-1, 2 h-1 내지 8 h-1, 또는 0.5 h-1 내지 2 h-1의 중량 공간 속도(whsv: weight hourly space velocity)에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 반응기는 400℃ 미만, 250℃ 미만, 또는 100℃ 내지 150℃의 온도에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 반응기는 1.7 MPa 초과, 0.7 MPa 내지 8.2 MPa, 0.7 MPa 내지 2.0 MPa, 또는 1.0 MPa 내지 2.0 MPa의 압력에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 액화 석유 가스를 제조하는 방법으로서:
(a) 탈수 반응기에서, 에탄올 및 이소프로판올을 포함하는 탈수 공급물 스트림을 탈수 촉매와 접촉시켜 에틸렌 및 프로필렌을 포함하는 제1 반응기 유출물 스트림을 생성하는 단계로서;
상기 탈수 공급물 스트림은 CO, CO2, CH4, 또는 이들의 임의의 혼합물을 포함하는 가스상 기질의 미생물 발효 생성물이고; 상기 탈수 공급물 스트림은 30 중량% 이하의 물 함량을 가지는 것인 단계;
(b) 제1 반응기 유출물 스트림을 프로필렌을 포함하는 생성물 스트림 및 에틸렌을 포함하는 생성물 스트림으로 분리하는 단계;
(c) 이량체화 반응기에서, 상기 에틸렌을 포함하는 생성물 스트림을 이량체화 촉매와 접촉시켜 부텐을 포함하는 제2 반응기 유출물 스트림을 생성하는 단계; 및
(d) 수소화 반응기에서, 상기 제2 반응기 유출물 스트림, 프로필렌을 포함하는 생성물 스트림 및 수소를 수소화 촉매와 접촉시켜 부탄 및 프로판을 포함하는 생성물 스트림을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제14항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 반응기는 100℃ 내지 500℃, 350℃ 내지 450℃, 또는 375℃ 내지 425℃의 온도에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 반응기는 0.2 MPa 내지 2 MPa, 0.2 MPa 내지 1 MPa, 또는 0.2 MPa 내지 0.7 MPa의 압력에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 반응기는 1 h-1 내지 10 h-1, 2 h-1 내지 8 h-1, 또는 0.5 h-1 내지 2 h-1의 whsv에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 탈수 촉매는 산성 알루미나, 알루미늄 포스페이트, 실리카-알루미나 포스페이트, 비정질 실리카-알루미나, 알루미노실리케이트, 지르코니아, 설페이트화 지르코니아, 텅스텐화 지르코니아, 텅스텐 카바이드, 몰리브덴 카바이드, 티타니아, 설페이트화 탄소, 포스페이트화 탄소, 포스페이트화 실리카, 포스페이트화 알루미나, 산성 수지, 헤테로폴리산, 무기산, 및 이들의 임의의 조합으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 이량체화 반응기는 10℃ 내지 150℃, 24℃ 내지 135℃, 38℃ 내지 121℃, 또는 50℃ 내지 60℃의 온도에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 이량체화 반응기는 0.7 MPa 내지 6.9 MPa, 2.4 MPa 내지 4.8 MPa, 2.8 MPa 내지 3.4 MPa, 또는 2.0 MPa 내지 2.7 MPa의 압력에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 이량체화 촉매는 이온성 액체 촉매를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 이량체화 촉매는 조촉매 또는 촉진제를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 이량체화 촉매는 Ti(IV)/AlEt3 촉매를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 반응기는 400℃ 미만, 250℃ 미만, 또는 100℃ 내지 150℃의 온도에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 반응기는 1.7 MPa 초과, 0.7 MPa 내지 8.2 MPa, 0.7 MPa 내지 2.0 MPa, 또는 1.0 MPa 내지 2.0 MPa의 압력에서 작동하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 촉매는 Ni-알루미나, Pd-C, 라니-Ni, Co, 또는 Pt 촉매, 또는 이들의 임의의 조합을 포함하는, 방법.
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