KR102649728B1 - Method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using granite sludge - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a sidewalk block having improved water permeability, including sewage sludge incineration ash and expanded glass beads. The method for manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge and expanded glass beads comprises: a first step of incinerating sewage sludge to manufacture sewage sludge incineration ash; a second step of manufacturing a base material mixture including the sewage sludge incineration ash and expanded glass beads; a third step of supplying the base material mixture to a base mold and then performing compression molding; a fourth step of drying the compression-molded base molding; a fifth step of manufacturing a surface material mixture including the sewage sludge incineration ash and waste glass; a sixth step of supplying the surface material mixture to a molding mold in which the dried base molding is located and then performing compression molding; and a seventh step of separating the molding mold and then drying it to manufacture a block molding.

Description

{Method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using granite sludge}

The present invention relates to a sidewalk block using sewage sludge and foamed glass beads and a method of manufacturing the same, and more specifically, to a sidewalk block with excellent water permeability using sewage sludge incineration ash and a method of manufacturing the same.

Sewage sludge (also known as 'sewage sludge') is produced by treating wastewater generated from daily life, business, and production activities in homes, offices, businesses, factories, etc. with sand or various chemicals before being discharged into the river. refers to sediments in the form of mud accumulated in

Such sewage sludge has the disadvantage of having a high moisture content, which causes inconvenience in landfill work, and having a high organic content, making it difficult to use it as a construction material.

As for the treatment status of sewage sludge, in 1998, approximately 40% was landfilled, 0.4% was incinerated, approximately 50% was dumped in the ocean, and only about 10% was recycled. In 2003, 20% was landfilled and 50% was recycled. It was found that 30% of sea discharge was recycled.

Accordingly, the simple landfill rate is gradually decreasing and the recycling rate is increasing, but the recycling rate is still less than 50%.

The reason for this low recycling rate is that, firstly, recycling costs are still high compared to landfill or sea discharge, and the amount generated is relatively small compared to other wastes, making it impossible to have an economical treatment facility.

As a technology related to the recycling of sewage sludge, "Recycled Fill Material Manufacturing Method" (Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1127059, patent document) includes mixing sewage sludge, combustion ash, and waste molding sand, adjusting pH, and generating reaction heat. Technology for stabilizing and recycling it as fill material has been disclosed.

However, in the case of the above-described patent document, the process required for processing is complicated and requires several facilities, so there is a problem in that it is not economical to recycle.

Meanwhile, in general, a sidewalk block is an urban infrastructure constructed on a pedestrian road to promote the convenience of users walking on the pedestrian road.

Conventionally, these sidewalk blocks are mostly manufactured from a single material such as cement blocks (introducing blocks) or waste rubber chips, so they inevitably have the problems of the single material element.

Interlocking (cement blocks) contain a large amount of cement, so they are not permeable, and when they reach the end of their lifespan, they become waste when replaced. They also cause the urban heat island phenomenon (a rise in temperature in the surrounding area), which is a national issue. Costs are incurred, and since it has no permeability, problems with rainwater occur during heavy rain and it is impossible to inflow into groundwater.

In addition, clay blocks are also fired products and have the disadvantage of lack of water permeability, so there is a need to develop sidewalk blocks with excellent water permeability.

In addition, waste glass, including industrial glass, is difficult to recycle, and there is a problem that it takes over hundreds of thousands of years to be landfilled and decomposed. As domestic glass bottle production decreases and overseas glass bottle imports increase, the system is changing to a system where glass bottles can be recycled and digested domestically. However, recycling is not possible due to high recycling costs.

Previously, attempts were made to manufacture sidewalk blocks using waste glass to solve the recycling problem, but simple waste glass was mixed with sidewalk block composition, and the thin form of waste glass had the problem of lowering the water permeability of sidewalk blocks. A solution is needed to solve this problem.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1127059 Recycled fill material manufacturing method

In order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the purpose is to provide a sidewalk block with improved water permeability including sewage sludge incineration ash.

In addition, the purpose is to provide sidewalk blocks with improved water permeability, including foam glass beads.

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. You will be able to.

A sidewalk block made of sewage sludge and foamed glass beads becomes the body of the sidewalk block, and the base layer includes sewage sludge incineration ash and foamed glass beads; And a surface layer located at the top of the base layer.

The method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge and foamed glass beads of the present invention includes a first step of incinerating sewage sludge to produce sewage sludge incineration ash; A second step of producing a base layer material mixture including the sewage sludge incineration ash and foamed glass beads; A third step of supplying the base layer material mixture to the base layer mold and then performing compression molding; A fourth step of drying the compression molded base layer product; A fifth step of producing a surface layer material mixture including the sewage sludge incineration ash and waste glass; A sixth step of supplying the surface layer material mixture to a mold where the dried base layer molding is located and then performing compression molding; A seventh step of separating the mold and drying it to produce a block molded product.

As a means of solving the above problem, the sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention and its manufacturing method have the effect of providing a sidewalk block with excellent water permeability.

In addition, waste sewage sludge can be recycled, and the cost required for manufacturing sidewalk blocks can be reduced, thereby lowering the cost of the product.

In addition, the inclusion of antibacterial substances in sidewalk blocks has the effect of lowering environmental pollution.

In addition, mixing foamed glass beads has the effect of providing sidewalk blocks with improved physical properties, non-flammability, antibacterial performance, and excellent water permeability.

In addition, by recycling waste glass, a safe road can be created by reflecting light in the surface layer, and water permeability can be further improved by using waste glass as foam glass beads.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing a cross section of a sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a view showing a cross-section of the base layer in the method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a view showing a cross-section of the surface layer part of the sidewalk block manufacturing method using sewage sludge of the present invention.

Specific details, including the problems to be solved by the present invention, the means for solving the problems, and the effects of the invention, are included in the examples and drawings described below. The advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below along with the accompanying drawings.

In the following, the sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention will be described in detail using drawings.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing a cross section of a sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention includes a base layer 10 and a surface layer 20.

First, the base layer 10 becomes the body of the sidewalk block and includes a permeable function.

The base layer 10 is composed of a base layer material mixture, and the base layer material mixture includes sewage sludge, aggregate, gravel, water, and cement for the formation of the body and water permeability.

The sewage sludge is sewage sludge incineration ash, which is manufactured by burning sewage sludge using an incineration facility.

The sewage sludge incineration ash is SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , It may be composed of P ₂ O ₅ , Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO and other substances.

At this time, in order to minimize harmful substances in sewage sludge incineration ash, 25 to 35% by weight of SiO ₂ , 18 to 26% by weight of Fe ₂ O ₃ , 16 to 17% by weight of P ₂ O ₅ , 13 to 15% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , It is desirable to control the CaO component to 5 to 7% by weight.

In addition, the particles of the sewage sludge incineration ash are preferably 0.1 to 300 ㎛, more preferably 1 to 200 ㎛, considering water permeability.

In addition, the moisture content of the sewage sludge incineration ash is preferably 1 to 40% (content per unit weight) in consideration of miscibility and adhesiveness.

In the case of aggregate and gravel, which are other materials of the base layer material mixture, it is preferable that the aggregate particles are 3 to 12 mm and the gravel particles are 8 to 25 mm in order to improve water permeability.

In the case of the above gravel, silica sand, red sand, woodstone, black sand, waste stone, earthen gravel, five-colored gravel, etc. can be used alone or in combination, and various stones can be used.

At this time, the cement is preferably at least one of Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, and blast furnace slag fine powder.

The cement is used to combine materials such as the aggregate and gravel, and can be selected by the operator in consideration of economic efficiency, strength, durability, etc.

Additionally, the base layer material mixture may further include an antibacterial material.

The antibacterial substances include chitosan, antibacterial water-based paint, and water.

The chitosan is a material obtained by deacetylating chitin contained in the shell of crustaceans, and is a natural cationic polymer material.

The chitosan reduces contamination through antibacterial and antifungal effects, and is capable of adsorbing and removing heavy metal ions, which can remove heavy metals.

In particular, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution by removing harmful substances (small amounts of heavy metals, etc.) contained in sewage sludge incineration ash.

The deacetylation of chitosan is suitable to be 95% or more for excellent antibacterial activity, and the weight average molecular weight is preferably 15,000 to 350,000.

In addition, when included as the antibacterial material, the particle size is preferably 1 to 100㎛. If the particle size of chitosan included in the antibacterial material is less than 1㎛, uniform mixing may not be achieved due to excessively small particles, or internal pores may be filled and water permeability may be reduced, and if it exceeds 100㎛, particles may escape. There is a risk of durability deterioration due to this.

In addition, the chitosan can be mixed in liquid or powder form considering uniform mixing and antibacterial ability.

The chitosan can be produced through a shell crushing step, a calcium, ash, and protein removal step using HCl and NaOH, and a deacetylation step.

The antibacterial water-based paint is a carbamate-based paint, has a specific gravity of 1 to 1.1, a pH of 6.8 to 7.0, and an appearance of a gray-white aqueous suspension.

Additionally, the antibacterial material may further include a fungicide to improve antibacterial performance.

In addition, chitosan, the antibacterial substance, can be added in the form of processed chitosan through hot water extraction with Houttuynia cordata root and Mangae root extracts, mixing, drying, and grinding.

The processed chitosan includes the k-1 step of mixing chitosan with Houttuynia cordata root, Mangae root, and purified water to prepare a root mixture, the k-2 step of producing chitosan root extract by hot water extraction of the root mixture, and the chitosan root. Step k-3 of preparing a chitosan mixture by mixing the extract, hibiscus extract, and thickener, step k-4 of preparing a chitosan block by drying the chitosan mixture on the top of green tea leaves and corn husks, and pulverizing the chitosan block. It is prepared including step k-5.

In the k-1 step, chitosan is mixed with Houttuynia cordata root, Mangae root, and purified water to prepare a root mixture. Specifically, in order to increase the heavy metal adsorption capacity of chitosan and further add antibacterial properties, a root mixture is prepared by mixing Houttuynia cordata root, Mangae root, and purified water.

At this time, considering the antibacterial effect, it is preferable that 0.3 parts by weight of Houttuynia cordata root, 0.2 parts by weight of Mangae root, and 1.5 parts by weight of purified water are used per 1 part by weight of chitosan.

In the k-2 step, chitosan root extract is prepared by hot water extraction of the root mixture. Specifically, the chitosan mixture is subjected to hot water extraction by heating for 6 to 12 hours to ensure smooth extraction of the active ingredient.

In the k-3 step, a chitosan mixture is prepared by mixing the chitosan root extract, hibiscus extract, and thickener. Specifically, the extracted chitosan root extract, hibiscus extract, and thickener are mixed to increase antibacterial properties and viscosity of the mixture.

The thickener may be any type such as a food thickener, a thickener for adhesives, or a thickener for paints.

At this time, in order to improve antibacterial properties and viscosity, it is preferable to mix 0.01 to 0.03 parts by weight of hibiscus extract and 0.05 to 0.3 parts by weight of thickener with 1 part by weight of chitosan root extract.

In the k-4th step, the chitosan mixture is dried on the top surface of green tea leaves and corn husks to prepare a chitosan block. Specifically, to increase the antibacterial properties of the chitosan mixture prepared above, green tea leaves and corn husks are spread widely, placed on the top, and dried with hot air for 5 to 24 hours to minimize scent to prepare a chitosan block.

In the k-5th step, the chitosan block is pulverized. Specifically, the chitosan block is powdered and the particles are controlled to have excellent water permeability.

The mixing ratio of the base material mixture is 5 to 25% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, 12 to 23% by weight of aggregate, 40 to 65% by weight of gravel, and water, considering water permeability, antibacterial properties, and workability (compaction, drying, etc.). It is preferable that it is 1 to 16% by weight, cement 10 to 25% by weight, and antibacterial material 0.1 to 2% by weight.

Additionally, the base layer material mixture may further include foamed glass beads.

The foamed glass beads are made by passing glass through a crushing process and a foreign matter removal process, mixing it with a foaming agent, going through a molding process, foaming it, and heat treating it to expand waste glass like aggregate. It has high compressive strength and is non-combustible. Fire safety is excellent.

In addition, it has antibacterial properties, so it can protect against mold, bacteria, and pests, and has pores, so it has excellent water permeability.

When foam glass beads are included in the base layer, a sidewalk block with improved physical properties, non-flammability, antibacterial performance, and excellent water permeability can be provided.

Foam glass beads may be composed of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, MgO, etc. At this time, the composition content of the foamed glass beads is 60 to 75% by weight of SiO ₂ , 1 to 5% by weight of Al₂O₃, 9 to 11% by weight of CaO, and Na₂O. It is preferable to control the components to 10 to 16% by weight, 0.3 to 2% by weight of K₂O, and 0.2 to 2% by weight of MgO.

In addition, the particles of the foamed glass beads are preferably 100 to 800 ㎛, more preferably 150 to 600 ㎛, considering water permeability.

When including the foamed glass beads, the mixing ratio of the base layer material mixture is 5 to 25% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash and 3 to 20% by weight of foamed glass beads, considering water permeability, antibacterial properties, and workability (compaction, drying, etc.). %, preferably 12 to 23% by weight of aggregate, 40 to 65% by weight of gravel, 1 to 16% by weight of water, 10 to 25% by weight of cement, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of antibacterial material.

Next, the surface layer 20 is located at the top of the base layer 10, and its upper surface is exposed to the outside.

The surface layer 20 is composed of a mixture of surface layer materials, including sewage sludge incineration ash, fine aggregate, gravel, water, cement, and antibacterial substances.

For durability, the material uses aggregate particles of 1 to 3 mm and gravel particles of 5 to 8 mm.

In the case of the gravel, cement, and antibacterial material, they can be applied or changed in the same way as the base layer material mixture.

In particular, in the case of the surface layer material mixture, it is preferable to use chitosan in the antibacterial material in powder or liquid form.

The mixing ratio of the surface material mixture is 0.5 to 15% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, 28 to 61% by weight of aggregate, 20 to 40% by weight of gravel, and water, considering mechanical properties, durability, mixing, shape retention, water permeability, and aesthetics. It is preferable that it is 2 to 15% by weight, cement 16 to 24% by weight, and antibacterial material 0.1 to 2% by weight.

In particular, if the amount of sewage sludge incineration ash is less than 0.5 parts by weight, the effect of reducing the cost of sidewalk blocks may not be sufficient, and if it exceeds 15% by weight, the color (light red) generated by adding sewage sludge incineration ash may reduce aesthetics. It can hurt you.

Additionally, the surface layer material mixture may further include waste glass.

When waste glass is included in the surface layer, it is possible to provide a sidewalk block that can form a safe path by causing light reflection in the surface layer.

When including the waste glass, the mixing ratio of the surface layer material mixture is 0.5 to 15% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, 1 to 10% by weight of waste glass, considering mechanical properties, durability, mixing, shape retention, water permeability, and aesthetics, Preferably, it contains 28 to 61% by weight of aggregate, 20 to 40% by weight of gravel, 2 to 15% by weight of water, 16 to 24% by weight of cement, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of antibacterial material.

In the following, the method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge of the present invention will be described in detail using drawings.

Figure 2 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention, Figure 3 is a diagram showing a cross-section of the base layer in the method of manufacturing a sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a flow chart showing a manufacturing method of the base layer of the method of manufacturing a sidewalk block using sewage sludge of the present invention. This is a drawing showing the cross section of the surface layer of the sidewalk block manufacturing method using sludge.

As shown in Figure 2, in the first step (S10), sewage sludge is incinerated to produce sewage sludge incineration ash.

At this time, the first step (S10) includes the first step (S11) of incinerating the sewage sludge, the first step (S12) of controlling the components of the incinerated sewage sludge, and the sewage sludge with the components controlled. It includes steps 1-3 (S13) of controlling sludge particles.

In step 1-1 (S11), sewage sludge is incinerated. Specifically, sewage sludge is burned using an incineration facility.

Next, in step 1-2 (S120), the components of the incinerated sewage sludge are controlled. Specifically, the components of incinerated sewage sludge are controlled to minimize harmful substances in sewage sludge incineration ash.

The components of the sewage sludge incineration ash include 25 to 35% by weight of SiO ₂ , 18 to 26% by weight of Fe ₂ O ₃ , 16 to 17% by weight of P ₂ O ₅ , 13 to 15% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , and 5 to 7% by weight of CaO. It is desirable to include %.

Next, in step 1-3 (S130), the particles of sewage sludge incineration ash with the above components controlled are controlled. Specifically, sewage sludge incineration ash is manufactured by controlling the particles of sewage sludge considering water permeability.

The sewage sludge incineration ash particles are preferably 0.1 to 300㎛, and more preferably 1 to 200㎛.

In addition, at this time, the moisture content of the sewage sludge incineration ash is preferably 1 to 40% (content per unit weight) in consideration of miscibility and adhesiveness.

The control measures the moisture content using a moisture content meter, and may further include steps 1 to 4 of determining whether the moisture content meter is operating normally.

More specifically, step 1-4 is a step 1-4-1 of collecting moisture content data at preset intervals from a sensor provided in a moisture content meter to measure the moisture of the sewage sludge incineration ash. Step 1-4-2 of determining the reliability of the moisture content data and the moisture content data satisfies the preset moisture content standard range (ex. 1 to 40%), and the reliability of the moisture content data is the preset reliability standard value. If it exceeds, it may include steps 1-4-3 of delivering the moisture content data to the user in the form of a notification and controlling input.

That is, when the moisture content of the burned sewage sludge incineration ash satisfies the moisture content standard range, a notification is delivered to the user so that the input material is not used.

In addition, if the moisture content measured through the sensor exceeds the preset standard moisture content (40%), it may be determined that a problem has occurred in the combustion process and the sewage sludge incineration material preparation process, and the sewage sludge input may be emergency stopped. there is.

Meanwhile, in step 1-4-2, the same sensor within a preset reference radius from the sensor (hereinafter referred to as the measurement sensor) is provided as a comparison sensor, and data collected from the measurement sensor and the comparison sensor is received. A reception step, a time extraction step of extracting a comparison target time, which is a time at which the rate of change of the measured value of the data collected from the measurement sensor exceeds a preset rate, and a sensor failure probability using the comparison target time extracted through the time extraction step. It may include an error determination step for calculating (S _TR ).

At this time, the reference radius has a higher accuracy when compared as it approaches the measurement sensor, but is ideally located within a radius of 10 to 500 mm from the center position of the measurement sensor, and the ratio is set to a ratio of 25% to 30%. The setting can be changed from a minimum of 10% to a maximum of 90% depending on the type of measurement sensor and the surrounding environment.

In addition, the method of calculating the rate of change in the measured value of the sensing data (moisture content data) measured through the sensor is the measured value T _t2 to _{t a} measured at time t ₂ within the time range of the sensing data collected through the sensor. The measurement value change rate can be calculated by dividing the measurement value T _t1 by subtracting the measurement value T _t1 measured at the time interval t ₁ and multiplying by 100 to take the absolute value.

For example, the time interval set through the preset user terminal is 2 seconds, the total measurement time from the operation of the current measurement sensor to the end is 2,000 seconds, and the measurement value measured at 1520 seconds is 25%, and the measurement at 1518 seconds is 25%. If one measurement value is 36.6%, the measurement value change rate can be calculated as 46.4% (100*(25-36.6)/25). At this time, when the ratio set through the user terminal is 30%, 1,518 seconds can be extracted as the time to be compared because the change rate of the measured value exceeds 30%.

Meanwhile, in the time extraction step, if there is no time at which the measurement value change rate exceeds the preset rate and is not extracted, the sensing data corresponding to n random times in the sensing data can be extracted as the time to be compared. there is.

Here, the method of extracting n times in the sensing data can be extracted using a program to which a programming language is applied, and the programming language is Python, Java, C language, C++, JavaScript ( JavaScript), Go, Ruby, Swift, Kotlin, PHP, C# (C Sharp), etc.

For example, the method of extracting n random times from sensing data using Python is to set the time range in which the sensor operates within the sensing data using the Random module and Datetime module, and then randomly select n times. You can extract the dog's time or use the Numpy module.

In addition, another method for extracting n times in the sensing data is to randomly extract n times in the sensing data by applying the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm to the time range of the sensing data. .

Meanwhile, in the n times extracted in the time extraction step, n means a natural number that can vary depending on the operating environment set through the user terminal, and the meaning of the random time is the rule among the total times collected from the sensing data. This may mean that the time is extracted in a random format without gender.

Through the above process, sensing data, which is a set of measurement values collected from a plurality of measurement sensors, can be transmitted to the user terminal, and the change rate of the sensing data is set at a preset change rate in response to a time interval set through the user terminal. The section that does not exceed can be classified as a 'standard state section', and the section that exceeds the preset change rate can be classified as an 'abnormal state section'.

Meanwhile, in the error determination step, the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) can be calculated according to Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

(Here, S _TR is the sensor failure probability, T _ms1 is the measured value of the measurement sensor at the first time, T _ms2 is the measured value of the measurement sensor at the second time, T _ms3 is the measured value of the measurement sensor at the third time, T _msn is the measurement value of the measurement sensor at the nth time, T _cst1 is the measurement value of the comparison sensor at the first time, T _cst2 is the measurement value of the comparison sensor at the second time, and T _cs3 is the measurement value of the comparison sensor at the third time. , T _csn is the measured value of the comparison sensor at the nth time, T _msav is the average measured value of the measuring sensor, SE means the efficiency deviation of the measuring sensor)

At this time, the efficiency deviation (SE) of the measurement sensor can be calculated according to [Equation 2] below, and the average efficiency of the measurement sensor can be calculated according to [Equation 3] below.

[Equation 2]

(Here, SE _av refers to the average efficiency of the measurement sensor, and SE _i refers to the initial efficiency of the measurement sensor)

[Equation 3]

(Here, W _IN1 is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the first time, W _OUT1 is the power measured when the measurement value sensed by the measurement sensor at the first time is output as an electrical signal, and W _IN2 is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the second time. The power supplied to, W _OUT2 is the power measured when the measured value sensed by the measurement sensor at the second time is output as an electrical signal, W _INn is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the n-th time, and W _OUTn is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the n-th time. This refers to the power measured when the measured value sensed by the measurement sensor is output as an electrical signal)

At this time, the n times mentioned in [Equation 1] to [Equation 3] are a plurality of times at which the rate of change in the measured value of the sensing data counted in the time extraction step exceeds a preset rate or in the time extraction step. It may mean the number of randomly extracted times.

For example, in a state where a first sensor is provided as the measurement sensor and a second sensor is the same model as the first sensor and is provided as a comparison sensor within a radius of 50 mm, in step 1-4-1, the first sensor You can also measure the input/output voltage and current consumption inside the measurement sensor.

At this time, three times are extracted from the measuring sensor, the voltage supplied during the extracted first to third times is 4.9V, 5V, and 5V, and the measuring sensor supplies 1mA, 0.9mA, and 1.1mA at the corresponding times. If it is measured to consume current and output as 10mV, 9mV, and 11mV, the input power (W _IN1 ) at the first time supplied to the measurement sensor is 0.0049W (4.9V * 0.001A), and at the second time The input power (W _IN2 ) can be calculated as 0.0045W (5V * 0.0009A), and the input power (W _IN3 ) at the third time can be calculated as 0.0055W (5V * 0.0011A). In addition, the output power (W _out1 ) at the first time output from the measurement sensor is 0.00001W (0.01V * 0.001A), and the output power (W _OUT2- ) at the second time is 0.000081W (0.009V * 0.0009A). , the output power (W _OUT3 ) at the third time can be calculated as 0.0000121W (0.011V*0.0011A).

In addition, the average efficiency (SE _av ) of the measurement sensor is 0.2 (100/3*(0.00001/0.0049+0.000081/0.0045+0.0000121/0.0055)) based on [Equation 2], and the manufacturer of the measurement sensor When the initial efficiency (SE _i ) provided is 0.2%, the efficiency deviation (SE) of the measurement sensor can be calculated as 0 based on [Equation 3] above.

The average efficiency (SE _av ) of the measurement sensor is judged to be an efficient sensor as the calculated value is lower, and the average efficiency (SE _av ) of the measurement sensor is judged to be an efficient sensor as the calculated value is lower, and the lower the calculated value, the more efficient the sensor is. The higher the value, the higher the probability of failure in the electrical area of the sensor.

Meanwhile, if the initial efficiency (SE _i ) of the measurement sensor is not provided, the efficiency measured under preset conditions through the sensor unit may be set as the initial efficiency (SE _i ).

Additionally, sensing data according to the operation of the first sensor (measurement sensor) can be collected from 0 to 2,700 seconds. At this time, the average measured value from the first sensor is 35%, and the measured values at three times randomly selected through the program are 29% (485 seconds), 35% (1893 seconds), and 41% (2021 seconds). ) can be extracted.

In addition, the measured values measured at the same time and at each time from the second sensor (comparison sensor) that operated simultaneously with the first sensor were 30.1% (485 seconds), 32.5% (1893 seconds), and 43% (2021 seconds). When the failure probability (S _TR ) of the first sensor is about 5.33% (Min((｜29-30.1｜+｜35-32.5｜+｜41-43｜)/(3) based on [Equation 1] It can be calculated as *35)*100+0), 100).

As another example, in the error determination step, the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) may be calculated according to the following [Equation 1-2], which reflects a weight according to the distance between the measurement sensor and the comparison sensor.

[Equation 1-2]

(Here, D _v means the distance weight between the measuring sensor and the comparison sensor)

At this time, the distance value weight (D- _v ) of the measurement sensor and the comparison sensor is applied in response to the weight set through the user terminal, and the weight can be changed.

Through the above process, in the error determination step, the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) can be calculated using the sensing data collected in the data collection step, and the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) can be calculated at a preset rate. If it exceeds, it may further include a communication unit that transmits a call signal including a sensor malfunction inspection notification, replacement notification, etc. to the user terminal.

Here, the preset ratio of the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) may be set to 40%, and may be reset to a ratio between 0 and 99% depending on the type and sensitivity of the sensor.

Next, in the second step (S20), a base layer material mixture containing the sewage sludge incineration ash is prepared. Specifically, a base layer material mixture is prepared by mixing sewage sludge incineration ash, aggregate, gravel, water, and cement, which are the materials for the base layer 10.

In the case of the base layer material mixture, it is preferable that the aggregate particles are 3 to 12 mm and the gravel particles are 8 to 25 mm for smooth water permeability.

Additionally, the base layer material mixture may further include an antibacterial material.

The mixing ratio of the base material mixture is 5 to 25% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, 12 to 23% by weight of aggregate, 40 to 65% by weight of gravel, and water, considering water permeability, antibacterial properties, and workability (compaction, drying, etc.). It is preferable that it is 1 to 16% by weight, cement 10 to 25% by weight, and antibacterial material 0.1 to 2% by weight.

At this time, when foamed glass beads are further included in the base layer material mixture, the mixing ratio of the base layer material mixture is 5 to 25 weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, considering water permeability, antibacterial properties, and workability (compaction, drying, etc.). %, foam glass beads are 3 to 20% by weight, aggregate is 12 to 23% by weight, gravel is 40 to 65% by weight, water is 1 to 16% by weight, cement is 10 to 25% by weight, and antibacterial material is preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. .

Next, in the third step (S30), the base layer material mixture is supplied to the mold and then compression molded. Specifically, the base layer material mixture is poured into a mold and compression molding is performed using press equipment.

In more detail, as shown in FIG. 3, the base layer material mixture is poured into the mold M2 located on the upper surface of the pedestal M1 and compression molding is performed through compaction using press M3 equipment. do.

It is preferable that the number of compaction operations during the compression molding is 10 to 15 times. If the number of compaction operations is less than 10, the compression molding of the sidewalk block may not be sufficiently performed, and if it exceeds 15, the compaction operation is already completed and the efficiency of the operation is reduced.

At this time, it is preferable that the height of the base layer 10 is set to account for 80 to 90% of the height of the entire completed sidewalk block. If the height of the base layer 10 is less than 80%, the durability and mechanical properties of the sidewalk block may be reduced, and if it exceeds 90%, water permeability may not be good or the strength of the surface layer may be reduced.

Next, in the fourth step (S40), the compression molded base layer product is dried. Specifically, the compression molded base layer molding is dried.

The drying is preferably performed for 35 to 55 hours. If the drying is carried out for less than 35 hours, sufficient curing and drying may not be achieved, and if it exceeds 55 hours, curing and drying may already be completed and work efficiency may be reduced.

Next, in the fifth step (S50), a surface layer material mixture containing the sewage sludge incineration ash is prepared. Specifically, a surface material mixture is prepared by mixing sewage sludge incineration ash, fine aggregate, gravel, water, and cement.

In the case of the surface material mixture, aggregate particles of 1 to 3 mm and gravel particles of 5 to 8 mm are used for durability.

Additionally, the surface layer material mixture may further include an antibacterial material.

In the case of the gravel, cement, and antibacterial material, they can be applied or changed in the same way as the base layer material mixture.

The mixing ratio of the surface material mixture is 0.5 to 15% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, 28 to 61% by weight of aggregate, 20 to 40% by weight of gravel, and water, considering mechanical properties, durability, mixing, shape retention, water permeability, and aesthetics. It is preferable that it is 2 to 15% by weight, cement 16 to 24% by weight, and antibacterial material 0.1 to 2% by weight.

At this time, when waste glass is further included in the surface material mixture, the mixing ratio of the surface material mixture is 0.5 to 15% by weight of sewage sludge incineration ash, considering mechanical properties, durability, mixing, shape retention, water permeability, and aesthetics, It is preferable that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of waste glass, 28 to 61% by weight of aggregate, 20 to 40% by weight of gravel, 2 to 15% by weight of water, 16 to 24% by weight of cement, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of antibacterial material.

Next, in the sixth step (S60), the surface layer material mixture is supplied to the mold where the dried base layer molded product is located, and then compression molding is performed. Specifically, the surface layer material mixture is poured into a mold containing the base layer and compression molding is performed using press equipment.

In more detail, as shown in FIG. 4, the base material mixture is poured into the mold M2 containing the base layer 10 and compacted using press M3 equipment. Compression molding is performed.

It is preferable that the number of compaction operations during the compression molding is 10 to 15 times. If the number of compaction operations is less than 10, the compression molding of the sidewalk block may not be sufficiently performed, and if it exceeds 15, the compaction operation is already completed and the efficiency of the operation is reduced.

At this time, the height of the surface layer 20 is preferably set to account for 10 to 20% of the height of the entire antibacterial sidewalk block. If the height of the surface layer 20 is less than 10%, the strength of the surface layer 20 may be excessively weakened and separation may occur, and if it exceeds 20%, the overall durability and mechanical properties of the sidewalk block may be reduced.

Next, in the seventh step (S70), the molding mold is separated and dried to manufacture a block molded product. Specifically, curing and drying the compression molded base layer molding Manufacture block moldings.

The drying is preferably performed for 35 to 55 hours. If the drying is carried out for less than 35 hours, sufficient curing and drying may not be achieved, and if it exceeds 55 hours, curing and drying may already be completed and work efficiency may be reduced.

In addition, the method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge of the present invention may further include an eighth step (not shown) of washing and re-drying the block moldings.

Specifically, the dried block molded product is cleaned of surface and foreign matter using water washing, etc., and then naturally dried to complete the manufacture of the sidewalk block.

As such, a person skilled in the art will understand that the technical configuration of the present invention described above can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention.

Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims described later rather than the detailed description above, and the meaning and scope of the claims and their All changes or modified forms derived from the equivalent concept should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

10. Base layer
20. Superficial layer
S10. The first step of producing sewage sludge incineration by incinerating sewage sludge
S11. Sewage sludge incineration
S12. ingredient control
S13. particle control
S20. The second step of producing a base layer material mixture containing the sewage sludge incineration ash.
S30. A third step of performing compression molding after supplying the base material mixture to the base layer mold.
S40. The fourth step of drying the compression molded base layer product.
S50. Fifth step of producing a surface layer material mixture containing the sewage sludge incineration ash
S60. A sixth step of supplying the surface layer material mixture to the mold where the dried base layer molding is located and then performing compression molding.
S70. The 7th step of manufacturing a block molded product by separating the mold and drying it.
M1. Pedestal
M2. mold
M3. Press

Claims (7)

delete delete A first step of incinerating sewage sludge to produce sewage sludge incineration ash;
A second step of producing a base layer material mixture including the sewage sludge incineration ash and foamed glass beads;
A third step of supplying the base layer material mixture to the base layer mold and then performing compression molding;
A fourth step of drying the compression molded base layer product;
A fifth step of producing a surface layer material mixture including the sewage sludge incineration ash and waste glass;
A sixth step of supplying the surface layer material mixture to a mold where the dried base layer molding is located and then performing compression molding;
A seventh step of manufacturing a block molded product by separating the mold and drying it,
The production of sewage sludge incineration ash in the first step is,
Step 1-1 of incinerating sewage sludge;
The components of the incinerated sewage sludge are 25 to 35% by weight of SiO ₂ , 18 to 26% by weight of Fe ₂ O ₃ , 16 to 17% by weight of P ₂ O ₅ , 13 to 15% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , and 5 to 7% by weight of CaO. Steps 1 and 2 controlled by weight%;
It includes steps 1-3 of controlling the particles of the sewage sludge with the components controlled to 1 to 200㎛,
The moisture content of the sewage sludge incineration ash is 1 to 40% (content per unit weight),

The mixing ratio of the base material mixture is,
5 to 25% by weight of sewage sludge incineration, 3 to 20% by weight of foamed glass beads, 12 to 23% by weight of aggregate, 40 to 65% by weight of gravel, 1 to 16% by weight of water, 10 to 25% by weight of cement, 0.1 to 0.1% of antibacterial material. It is 2% by weight,
The antibacterial substances include chitosan, antibacterial water-based paint, and water,
The chitosan is added in the form of processed chitosan,
The processed chitosan includes the k-1 step of mixing chitosan with Houttuynia cordata root, Mangae root, and purified water to prepare a root mixture, the k-2 step of producing chitosan root extract by hot water extraction of the root mixture, and the chitosan root. Step k-3 of preparing a chitosan mixture by mixing the extract, hibiscus extract, and thickener, step k-4 of preparing a chitosan block by drying the chitosan mixture on the top of green tea leaves and corn husks, and pulverizing the chitosan block. Prepared including step k-5,

The production of sewage sludge incineration ash in the first step is,
Measuring the moisture content using a moisture content meter, further comprising steps 1-4 of determining whether the moisture content meter is operating normally,
Steps 1 to 4 are:
A 1-4-1 step of collecting moisture content data at preset intervals from one measurement sensor provided in a moisture content meter to measure the moisture of the sewage sludge incineration ash;
Step 1-4-2 of determining the reliability of the moisture content data;
If the moisture content data satisfies the preset moisture content standard range and the reliability of the moisture content data exceeds the preset reliability standard value, a first device that delivers the moisture content data to the user in the form of a notification and controls input Including step 4-3;
The first step 1-4-2 is,
Equipped with the measurement sensor and an identical sensor within a preset reference radius from the measurement sensor as a comparison sensor,
A data receiving step of receiving data collected from the measurement sensor and the comparison sensor, a time extraction step of extracting a comparison target time, which is a time at which the rate of change in the measured value of the data collected from the measurement sensor exceeds a preset rate, and the time It includes an error determination step of calculating the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) using the comparison target time extracted through the extraction step,
In the error determination step, the sensor failure probability (S _TR ) can be calculated according to [Equation 1] below,
[Equation 1]

(Here, S _TR is the sensor failure probability, T _ms1 is the measured value of the measurement sensor at the first time, T _ms2 is the measured value of the measurement sensor at the second time, T _ms3 is the measured value of the measurement sensor at the third time, T _msn is the measurement value of the measurement sensor at the nth time, T _cst1 is the measurement value of the comparison sensor at the first time, T _cst2 is the measurement value of the comparison sensor at the second time, and T _cs3 is the measurement value of the comparison sensor at the third time. , T _csn is the measured value of the comparison sensor at the nth time, T _msav is the average measured value of the measuring sensor, SE means the efficiency deviation of the measuring sensor)

The efficiency deviation (SE) of the measurement sensor is calculated based on the following [Equation 2],
The average efficiency of the measuring sensor is calculated according to the following [Equation 3]. A method of manufacturing sidewalk blocks using sewage sludge and foamed glass beads.
[Equation 2]

(Here, SE _av refers to the average efficiency of the measurement sensor, and SE _i refers to the initial efficiency of the measurement sensor)
[Equation 3]

(Here, W _IN1 is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the first time, W _OUT1 is the power measured when the measurement value sensed by the measurement sensor at the first time is output as an electrical signal, and W _IN2 is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the second time. The power supplied to, W _OUT2 is the power measured when the measured value sensed by the measurement sensor at the second time is output as an electrical signal, W _INn is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the n-th time, and W _OUTn is the power supplied to the measurement sensor at the n-th time. This refers to the power measured when the measured value sensed by the measurement sensor is output as an electrical signal) delete delete delete delete