KR102641427B1 - 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법 및 다공성 탄소 제조 방법 - Google Patents
폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법 및 다공성 탄소 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- FQDIANVAWVHZIR-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-1,4-Dichlorobutene Chemical compound ClC\C=C\CCl FQDIANVAWVHZIR-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/30—Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0462—Temperature swing adsorption
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
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- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/3483—Regenerating or reactivating by thermal treatment not covered by groups B01J20/3441 - B01J20/3475, e.g. by heating or cooling
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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Abstract
본 발명의 다공성 탄소의 제조 방법은, 폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트 플라스틱을 탄화시키는 단계; 상기 탄화된 플라스틱을 CO2로 활성화하는 단계; 및 냉각하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다.
Description
도 2는 TVSA 프로세서의 시간에 따른 온도 및 압력 변화이다.
도 3의 a)는 실시예들에 따른 다공성 탄소의 SEM 이미지들이고, b)는 X선 광전자 스펙트럼 조사 결과이고, c)는 라만 스펙트럼(Raman spectrum)이고, d)는 N2 흡탈착 등온선이고, e)는 기공 크기(Pore size) 분포도이다.
도 4의 a)는 PET6-CO2-9, b)는 PET6-K7, c)는 PET6-KU7의 CO2 흡착 성능에 관한 그래프이고, d)는 이소스테릭 흡착열(Qst)에 관한 것이고, e)는 동적 CO2 흡착 시험 결과이고, f)는 30 °C 및 1 bar에서 열중력분석(TGA)을 이용한 10번의 주기적 CO2 흡착 시험 결과이다.
도 5의 a)는 환경 영향 카테고리별로 비교한 결과이고, b)는 완화된 환경을 고려한 결과이다.
도 6은 세가지 샘플들의 환경 영향 및 경제적 편익을 표시한 도면으로, 지구 온난화 잠재력(GWP)과 순현재가치(NPV)를 비교한 것이다.
도 7은 완화(Mitigated) GWP 및 방출(Released) GWP를 비교한 결과이다.
Samples | SBET a | Vtotal b | Vmicro c | Vmicro/Vtotal | Atomic (%)d | CO2 uptake | ||||
(mmol/g)e | ||||||||||
m2/g | cm3/g | C | O | N | 0 °C | 25 °C | 50 °C | |||
PET6-CO2-9 | 1482 | 0.607 | 0.592 | 0.975 | 92.99 | 7.11 | - | 6.25 | 3.63 | 2.29 |
PET6-K7 | 1263 | 0.519 | 0.501 | 0.965 | 93.27 | 6.73 | - | 5.3 | 3.87 | 2.29 |
PET6-KU7 | 1165 | 0.469 | 0.46 | 0.981 | 77.97 | 18.8 | 3.23 | 6.23 | 4.58 | 2.82 |
Operation parameters | Value | Unit | ||
Heating medium temperature, T heat | 120 | oC | ||
Cooling medium temperature, T cool | 25 | oC | ||
Heat transfer temperature difference | 5 | oC | ||
Adsorption pressure, P H | 1 | bar | ||
Vacuuming pressure, P vac | 0.1 | bar | ||
Performance indicators | PET6-CO2-9 | PET6-K7 | PET6-KU7 | |
Productivity | 32.88 | 27.03 | 44.23 | kg/t h |
Purity | 70.52 | 71.57 | 77.73 | % |
Recovery | 89.88 | 84.93 | 90.02 | % |
Specific energy consumption, E | 1.04 | 1.44 | 0.97 | GJ/t |
Exergy efficiency, E ex | 7.21 | 5.06 | 8.94 | % |
Equipment cost | Capacity | Cost | Reference or Source | |||||||||||
PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | |||||||||
Waste PET Pre-treatment Cost | ||||||||||||||
Weighbridges | 50 t | € 21,500.00 | S27 | |||||||||||
Feedstock store | 1500 t | € 5,680.50 | S28 | |||||||||||
Belt conveyer system | 10 m | € 1,700.00 | * | |||||||||||
Shredder | 1 t | € 7,682.40 | S29 | |||||||||||
Trommel screen with conveyers | 1 t | € 18,000.00 | * | |||||||||||
Loading shovels | 0.5 t | € 11,250.00 | * | |||||||||||
Excavator | 0.5 t | € 11,250.00 | * | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 1 (ST1) | € 77062.90 | - | ||||||||||||
Pyrolysis Unit | ||||||||||||||
Auger screw-flue gas heated pyrolizer with vapour collection | 1 t/h | € 799,044.80 | S30 | |||||||||||
Auger conveyor belt | 5 m | € 840.00 | * | |||||||||||
Horizontal belt conveyors motors | 3 motors | 5 motors | € 360.00 | € 600.00 | * | |||||||||
Sub-total: 2 (ST2) | € 800,244.80 | € 800,484.80 | - | |||||||||||
Carbon Activation Process | ||||||||||||||
Activation reactor | 0.11 t | € 3,200.00 | * | |||||||||||
KOH solution storage tank | 15 t | € 780.00 | * | |||||||||||
Urea solution storage tank | 6 t | € 320.00 | * | |||||||||||
HCL solution storage tank | 20 t | € 1,040.00 | * | |||||||||||
Mixing tank | - | 1 t | 2 t | - | € 3,500.00 | € 7,000.00 | * | |||||||
Dryer | 2 | - | € 8,000.00 | * | ||||||||||
Washer | - | 1 | - | € 5,000.00 | * | |||||||||
Silo/Bin (Porous carbon storage) | 2.5 t | € 1,600.00 | * | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 3 (ST3) | € 6,940.00 | € 23,440.00 | € 26,940.00 | - | ||||||||||
Power Generation | ||||||||||||||
High pressure turbine | 306.6 kW | € 246,636.00 | S27 | |||||||||||
Medium pressure turbine | 347.8 kW | € 280,326.80 | S27 | |||||||||||
Low pressure turbine | 614.6 kW | € 495,367.50 | S27 | |||||||||||
Organic Rankine cycle turbine | 95.4 kW + 5 t (Working fluid) | € 571,323.62 | S31,S32,*a | |||||||||||
Water chiller unit | 5 t/h | € 5,725.00 | * | |||||||||||
Cold water storage tank | 150 t | € 30,750.00 | * | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 4 (ST4) | 1341. 97 kW | € 1,630,128.92 | - | |||||||||||
Flue gas treatment € 20,388.62 | ||||||||||||||
Pressure swing adsorption unit and associated components | 1 unit (20 kg/h to 300 kg/h) | € 203,950.00 | * | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 5 (ST5) | € 203,950.00 | - | ||||||||||||
Miscellaneous expenses | ||||||||||||||
Additional machinery | - | € 82,950.00 | S33 | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 6 (ST6) | € 82,950.00 | - | ||||||||||||
Infrastructure costs | ||||||||||||||
Land cost | 12,000 m2 at €93.60/m2 | € 1,123,200.00 | Estimated | |||||||||||
Office and laboratory equipment | - | € 400,000.00 | S33 | |||||||||||
Buildings | - | € 200,000.00 | Estimated | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 7 (ST7) | € 1,723,200.00 | - | ||||||||||||
Total Capital Investment ( TCI ) = ST1+ST2+ST3+ST4+ST5+ST6+ST7 | - | € 4,524,476.62 | € 4,541,186.62 | € 4,544,716.62 | - |
Equipment cost | Capacity | Cost | Reference or Source | |||||||||||||||
PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | |||||||||||||
Carbon Activation Process | ||||||||||||||||||
CO2 gas | 1.05 t/h | - | - | 0.00 a | - | - | - | |||||||||||
KOH | - | 0.421 t/h | - | € 232.00 | * | |||||||||||||
Urea | - | - | 0.23 t/h | - | - | € 57.00 | * | |||||||||||
HCL | - | 0.8 t/h | - | € 174.67 | * | |||||||||||||
Sub-total: 8 (ST8) c | Estimated per year | - | € 3,253,360.00 | € 3,709,360.00 | - | |||||||||||||
Power Generation | ||||||||||||||||||
Water | 3.9 t/h | € 3.89 | S34 | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total: 9 (ST9) c | Estimated per year | € 31,120.00 | - | |||||||||||||||
Flue Gas Treatment | ||||||||||||||||||
Energy | Energy from the combined heat and power plant within the system boundary | |||||||||||||||||
Capture cost for plant emission b | 76 t | 66 t | 46 t | € 95,852.16 | € 83,005.56 | € 57,852.36 | Estimated | |||||||||||
Sub-total: 10 (ST10) | € 95,852.16 | € 83,005.56 | € 57,852.36 | - | ||||||||||||||
Human Resource | ||||||||||||||||||
Workforce includes plant operators, administrative team etc. | Salaries and other expenses for 15 people per year | € 126,096.17 | Estimated | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total: 11 (ST11) c | Estimated per year | € 126,096.17 | - | |||||||||||||||
Miscellaneous Expenses c | ||||||||||||||||||
Maintenance | 6% of TCI | € 271,468.59 | € 272,471.19 | € 272,682.99 | 35 | |||||||||||||
Insurance | 2.5% of TCI | € 113111.92 | € 113,529.67 | € 113,617.92 | 36 | |||||||||||||
Contingencies | 5% of TCI | € 226223.83 | € 227,059.33 | € 227,235.83 | 37 | |||||||||||||
ICT infrastructure cost | Per year | € 5,000.00 | Estimated | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total: 12 (ST12) | Estimated per year | € 615,804.34 | € 618, 060.19 | € 618,536.74 | ||||||||||||||
First Year Operation Cost (FYOC)= ST8+ST9+ST10+ST11+S12 | Estimated per year (first year) | € 868,872.67 | € 4,111,641.92 | € 4,542,965.27 | - | |||||||||||||
Yearly Operation Cost ( YOC )= ST8+S9+ST11+S12 | Estimated per year (Second year onwards) | € 773,020.51 | € 4,028,636.36 | € 4,485,112.91 | - |
Year | Porous carbon (ton) | Revenue (when sold at the minimum price) | Revenue (when sold at an average price) | Revenue (when sold at the maximum price) | ||||||||
PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | |
1 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
2 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
3 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
4 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
5 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
6 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
7 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
8 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
9 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
10 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
11 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
11 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
13 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
14 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
15 | 704 | 800 | 720 | 201,555.20 | 229,040.00 | 206,136.00 | 1,107,494.08 | 1,259,716.00 | 1,133,744.40 | 2,015,544.96 | 2,290,392.00 | 2,061,352.80 |
Lifetime | 10,560 t | 12,000 t | 10,800 t | € 3,023,328.00 | € 3,435,600.00 | € 3,092,040.00 | € 16,612,411.20 | € 18,895,740.00 | € 17,006,166.00 | € 30,233,174.40 | € 34,355,880.00 | € 30,920,292.00 |
Parameters | PET6 -CO 2 -9 | PET6 -K7 | PET6 -KU7 | ||||||||||||
Total Q loss; % | 1.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 50.00 | 75.00 | 1.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 50.00 | 75.00 | 1.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 50.00 | 75.00 |
Tfg (Rankine in); C | 1202.00 | 1185.00 | 1167.00 | 1113.00 | 1067.00 | 1259.00 | 1243.00 | 1225.00 | 1170.00 | 1125.00 | 1245.00 | 1228.00 | 1208.00 | 1150.00 | 1100.00 |
Rankine H2O; kg/h | 4010.00 | 3915.00 | 3810.00 | 3490.00 | 3220.00 | 3925.00 | 3845.00 | 3750.00 | 3460.00 | 3220.00 | 3850.00 | 3760.00 | 3655.00 | 3345.00 | 3085.00 |
Net; kW | 706.56 | 678.25 | 646.97 | 551.55 | 470.99 | 706.56 | 682.80 | 654.53 | 568.00 | 496.50 | 703.35 | 676.60 | 645.25 | 552.84 | 475.31 |
Act Q; MJ/h | -581.42 | -581.42 | -581.42 | -581.42 | -581.42 | -252.89 | -252.89 | -252.89 | -252.89 | -252.89 | -486.0596 | -486.06 | -486.06 | -486.06 | -486.06 |
Pyro Q; MJ/h | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.136 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 | -2859.14 |
Cooling water; kg/h | 4043.00 | 3971.00 | 3878.00 | 3623.00 | 3403.00 | 3983.00 | 3910.00 | 3831.00 | 3600.00 | 3411.00 | 3799.00 | 3712.00 | 3639.00 | 3385.00 | 3175.00 |
Act Q Loss; MJ/h | -5.81 | -58.14 | -116.28 | -290.71 | -436.07 | -2.53 | -25.28 | -50.578 | -126.45 | -189.68 | -4.86 | -48.61 | -97.22 | -243.03 | -364.55 |
Pyro Q Loss; MJ/h | -28.60 | -285.91 | -571.83 | -1429.57 | -2144.35 | -28.60 | -285.91 | -571.83 | -1429.57 | -2144.35 | -28.59 | -285.91 | -571.83 | -1429.57 | -2144.35 |
Sample | Lifetime varying different heat loss percentage | |||||
0% | 1% | 10% | 20% | 50% | 75% | |
PET6-CO 2 -9 | 85,200,000 | 84,787,200 | 81,390,000 | 77,636,400 | 66,186,000 | 56,518,800 |
PET6-K7 | 87,988,800 | 84,787,200 | 81,936,000 | 78,543,600 | 68,160,000 | 59,580,000 |
PET6-KU7 | 87,988,800 | 84,402,000 | 81,192,000 | 77,430,000 | 66,340,320 | 57,036,960 |
Impact category | Unit |
Global warming | kg CO2 eq |
Stratospheric ozone depletion | kg CFC11 eq |
Ionising radiation | kBq Co-60 eq |
Ozone formation, human health | kg NOx eq |
Fine particulate matter formation | kg PM2.5 eq |
Ozone formation, terrestrial ecosystems | kg NOx eq |
Terrestrial acidification | kg SO2 eq |
Freshwater eutrophication | kg P eq |
Marine eutrophication | kg N eq |
Terrestrial ecotoxicity | kg 1,4-DCB |
Freshwater ecotoxicity | kg 1,4-DCB |
Marine ecotoxicity | kg 1,4-DCB |
Human carcinogenic toxicity | kg 1,4-DCB |
Human non-carcinogenic toxicity | kg 1,4-DCB |
Land use | m2a crop eq |
Mineral resource scarcity | kg Cu eq |
Fossil resource scarcity | kg oil eq |
Water consumption | m3 |
Claims (9)
- 5 단계 온도-진공 스윙 흡착(5-step temperature vacuum swing adsorption, TVSA) 프로세스를 이용하여 CO2 포집 성능을 평가하는 단계;
기술-경제 평가 (techno-economic assessment, TEA) 방법을 이용하여 산업에서의 경제적 지속가능성을 평가하는 단계;
게이트-투-게이트 수명 주기 평가(gate-to-gate life-cycle assessment, LCA)를 사용하여 다공성 탄소 생산 경로 및 지구 온난화 잠재력(global warming potential, GWP)을 정량화하는 단계;를 포함하는 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 5 단계 온도-진공 스윙 흡착 프로세스는,
(1) 공급 가스(CO2/N2)가 일정한 속도(vf)로 흡착 챔버의 한 포트로 흐르는 가압(Pressurization) 단계;
(2) 상기 공급 가스가 흡착 챔버의 한 포트에서 일정한 속도(vf)로 유입되고 다른 포트는 열려있는 흡착(Adsorption) 단계;
(3) 탈착된 가스(CO2)는 흡착 챔버의 한 포트에서 유출되고 다른 포트는 닫히는 가열(Heating) 단계;
(4) 탈착된 가스(CO2)는 흡착 챔버의 한 포트에서 진공 펌프에 의해 배출되고 다른 포트는 닫히는 진공(Vacuuming) 단계;
(5) 두 포트가 모두 닫히고 흡착 챔버 내외부에 가스가 흐르지 않는 냉각(Cooling) 단계로 이루어지고,
상기 5 단계 온도-진공 스윙 흡착 프로세스를 이용하여 생산성(Productivity), 순도(Purity), 회수(Recovery), 특정 에너지 소비(Specific energy consumption) 및 엑서지 효율(Exergy efficiency)을 도출하여 평가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,
상기 특정 에너지 소비(Specific energy consumption)는, 하기 식에 의해 계산되는 것을 특징으로 하는 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법.
여기서, wvac(specific work consumption)은, 상기 (4) 진공 단계에서 진공 펌프에 의해 소모된 일로, 하기 식으로 계산된다.
여기서, k 및 ηvac은 각각 공기의 단열 계수와 진공 펌프의 효율이며 각각 1.4, 0.7이다.
여기서, qheat는 상기 (3) 가열 단계에서 제공된 열로 다음과 같이 계산된다.
여기서, MCO2는 CO2의 몰질량이다.
- 제2항에 있어서,
상기 엑서지 효율(Exergy efficiency)은, 하기 식에 의해 계산되는 것을 특징으로 하는 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법.
여기서, W min은 CO2 분리를 위한 minimum separation work로써, 깁스 자유 에너지(Gibbs free energy) 변화(△G)이고, E는 특정 에너지 소비(Specific energy consumption)이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 TEA 방법을 이용하여 산업에서의 경제적 지속가능성을 평가하는 단계에서는,
하기 식에 따른 다공성 탄소로부터 얻은 수익(RPC) 및 전기로부터 얻은 수익(RE)를 이용하여 평가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법.
여기서, RPC는 다공성 탄소로부터 얻은 수익이고, QPC는 생산된 다공성 탄소의 양(톤)이며, SPPC는 톤당 다공성 탄소의 판매 가격(유로)이다.
여기서, RE는 combined heat and power (CHP) plant에서 생산된 전기로부터 얻은 수익이고, UE는 열 손실을 고려한 후 전력 변환 비율에 대해 kWh 단위로 생산되는 전력의 수(1%, 10%, 20%, 50% 및 75%)이며, FiTE는 유럽의 전기 단위에 대한 공급 관세이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 게이트-투-게이트 수명 주기 평가(gate-to-gate life-cycle assessment, LCA)를 사용하여 다공성 탄소 생산 경로 및 지구 온난화 잠재력(global warming potential, GWP)을 정량화하는 단계는, ReCiPe (H) impact assessment method를 이용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 폐 플라스틱 유래 다공성 탄소의 평가 방법.
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
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JP6610255B2 (ja) | 2014-06-23 | 2019-11-27 | 東レ株式会社 | 多孔質炭素材料 |
JP2016065351A (ja) | 2014-09-19 | 2016-04-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 多孔質炭素繊維および炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
KR101559698B1 (ko) | 2015-03-26 | 2015-10-13 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | 콘크리트의 성능 평가를 이용한 환경부하 예측 방법 |
KR101794440B1 (ko) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-11-07 | 한국과학기술원 | 코팅된 다공성 재료의 제조방법, 코팅된 다공성 재료 및 코팅된 다공성 재료를 포함하는 전극 |
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