KR102623337B1 - Pouch-type Cell Built-in Battery Management System - Google Patents

Abstract

A pouch-type cell built-in battery management system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a pouch-type battery pack laminated with battery cells; and a PCB busbar attached to both ends of the pouch-type battery pack, wherein the PCB busbar is loaded with BMS circuitry for measuring and controlling high voltage/current, and controlling over-charging/discharging behavior of each of a plurality of battery cells.

Description

Pouch-type Cell Built-in Battery Management System}

The present invention relates to a pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system.

Recently, the price of energy sources has risen due to the depletion of fossil fuels, and interest in environmental pollution has increased, and the demand for eco-friendly alternative energy sources has become an essential factor for future life. Accordingly, research continues on various power production technologies such as nuclear power, solar power, wind power, and tidal power, and there is also great interest in power storage devices to use the energy produced in this way more efficiently.

In particular, as technology development and demand for mobile devices increase, the demand for batteries as an energy source is rapidly increasing, and recently, the use of secondary batteries as a power source for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) has been realized. The area of use is also expanding to use as auxiliary power through the grid, and accordingly, much research is being conducted on batteries that can meet various needs.

Meanwhile, while small mobile devices use one or two to three or four battery cells per device, medium to large devices such as cars require high output and large capacity, so battery packs include battery modules that electrically connect multiple battery cells. This is used.

When producing a battery pack, all cells included in the battery pack are connected in series with inter-cell busbars, and two wires are used for each cell to measure cell voltage. Additionally, battery packs require wires to measure temperature and communicate.

Recently, methods are being studied to apply wireless communication to battery packs and modules to eliminate wires for communication between the slave BMS (Battery Management System) and master BMS of each module. Additionally, a means of measuring cell voltage using an FPCB is sometimes used to replace wires with existing coverings.

Methods to maximize the energy density of the battery pack by minimizing the weight of the wires, bus bars, each battery module, and the BMS applied to the battery pack are being actively researched.

However, when constructing battery modules and packs as in the prior art, many wires and bus bars are required, which limits the ability to improve the energy density of the battery pack. Additionally, complexity increases when assembling battery modules and packs, requiring high production costs. It has the disadvantage of doing so.

Public Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0040533

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system that can solve conventional problems.

A pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems includes a pouch-type battery pack stacked with battery cells; and a PCB bus bar attached to both ends of the pouch-type battery pack, wherein the PCB bus bar includes a first bus bar and a second bus bar connected to an FPCB, and measures high voltage/current of each of the plurality of battery cells and A BMS circuit that controls control and overcharge/discharge operations is mounted, and the first bus bar is designed to connect the BMS circuits in series and/or parallel, and measures the voltage/current and temperature of the battery cell of the BMS circuit. A measurement and cell balancing unit is mounted, and the second bus bar includes an MCU that controls overcharge/discharge operations of the cell balancing unit according to overvoltage and overcurrent of the battery cell; and a communication circuit that transmits cell balancing operation information and information on overcharge/discharge operations of the battery cell transmitted through the first bus bar and receives cell balancing control information from an external terminal.

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In one embodiment, the second bus bar is characterized by having a relay control unit mounted between the BMS circuit assigned to each battery cell and the MCU.

In one embodiment, the BMS circuit is characterized in that a unit that outputs an overvoltage blocking control signal and an overdischarge blocking FET control signal according to the control operation of the MCU is mounted.

Therefore, the pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of enabling miniaturization and expanding battery series/parallel versatility by applying a BMS circuit to a busbar PCB connected to one cell terminal. There is.

Additionally, since some BMS functions are included in the cell busbar, it has the advantage of being able to reduce the PCB size compared to current BMS product groups.

In addition, there is an advantage in that it is possible to increase the utilization of waste batteries by having series/parallel design flexibility.

1 is a device configuration diagram of a pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration diagram of the PCB bus bar shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the BMS unit mounted on the PCB busbar shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the BMS unit shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of an MCU including the relay control circuit shown in FIG. 3.

Below, with reference to the attached drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts that are not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are given similar reference numerals throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only the case where it is "directly connected," but also the case where it is "electrically connected" with another element in between. . In addition, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, this does not mean excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary, but may further include other components, and one or more other features. It should be understood that it does not exclude in advance the presence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Hereinafter, a pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail based on the attached drawings.

1 is a device configuration diagram of a pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pouch-type battery pack 110, a PCB bus bar 120, and a BMS unit 130. .

First, a battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, stores it, and generates current to power an electric device, and may include a pouch-type secondary battery.

The pouch-type battery pack 110 consists of an electrode assembly, a pouch case, and an electrode lead. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode plate with a positive electrode tab protruding on one side; A negative electrode plate with a negative electrode tab protruding from one side; It is composed of a separator positioned between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, and the electrode assembly is formed in a stacked or folded structure depending on the output voltage or charge/discharge capacity required by the battery cell.

At this time, the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode plate are formed to protrude from the positive electrode plate through punching or notching processing, and the negative electrode tab is formed to protrude from the negative electrode plate.

The pouch case is configured to accommodate the electrode assembly, and is made of aluminum laminating film to satisfy electrolyte resistance and excellent formability to prevent leakage of the electrolyte injected inside.

The electrode lead is composed of a positive lead and a negative lead. One end of the positive lead is connected to the positive tab inside the pouch case, one side protrudes outside the pouch case, and the negative lead has one end connected to the negative electrode tab inside the pouch case. , one side protrudes outside the pouch case.

Meanwhile, the positive and negative electrode leads respectively connected to the positive and negative electrode tabs of the multi-layered electrode assembly are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrode tabs in order to output electricity generated in the electrode assembly to the outside.

The configuration of the pouch-type battery pack mentioned in the present invention is only an example, and can be manufactured in various ways.

Next, the PCB bus bar 120 includes a first bus bar 121 and a second bus bar 122 to be located at both ends of the pouch-type battery pack 110, and the first bus bar 121 and the second bus bar 122 may be connected to an FPCB.

The first bus bar 121 may be configured to have a circuit mounted thereon that performs functions related to cell balancing, voltage/current measurement, and low voltage/current charging/discharging of battery cells in the battery pack.

The second bus bar 122 is a configuration for transmitting signals measured or processed from the circuits mounted on the first bus bar 121 to an external terminal and a configuration for controlling the operation of each circuit. It can be.

That is, the PCB bus bar 120 of the present application may be configured to have a BMS unit 130 mounted thereon that collects and/or monitors information related to the battery cell, such as the charging/discharging state of the battery cell, voltage/current, and balancing. .

For example, the information may estimate the state of the battery cell based on current, voltage, or temperature, which is electrical information related to the battery cell.

The state of the battery cell may include a battery state of charge (SOC) and a battery state of health (SOH).

Next, the BMS unit 130 may include a cell balancing unit 131, a cell voltage/current measuring unit 132, a high temperature measuring unit 133, and an MCU 134 communication unit 135.

The cell balancing unit 130 may be configured to support charging and discharging of battery cells while minimizing the voltage difference between battery cells.

Additionally, it may be configured to support a function of protecting the battery cell state in overcharge or overdischarge conditions by monitoring the maximum and minimum voltages of the battery cell.

Please note that the cell balancing function may vary depending on the design and implementation of the BMS and may be selected based on the size and requirements of the battery cell or pack.

In general, cell balancing methods can be classified into passive balancing and active balancing. Passive balancing is a simple and economical solution, and active balancing is suitable when more sophisticated balancing is required.

Passive balancing is a simple method used to protect low-voltage cells. It connects a separate resistor to each cell in the battery pack to lower the voltage of the overcharged cell. This resistor distributes the voltage from the overcharged cell and maintains the voltage of all cells. This is a method of equalizing the voltage.

Active balancing is a method of extracting energy from overcharged cells in a battery pack and moving it to low-voltage cells. It uses switches and resistors between each cell to control the switch that moves energy from overcharged cells to low-voltage cells, thereby increasing the voltage between cells. This is a method that minimizes the difference and maintains the voltage of the battery pack uniformly.

Next, the cell voltage/current measurement unit 132 may be configured to measure the maximum allowable voltage/current of each battery cell, measure the over/under voltage and over/under current of the battery cell, and measure the over/under current of the battery cell. This is a configuration that detects whether the voltage/current is outside the normal range.

The cell temperature measuring unit 133 may be configured to measure the charge/discharge temperature of the battery cell.

The MCU 134 measures the voltage/current of the battery cell measured by the cell voltage/current measurement unit 132 and the temperature of the battery cell measured by the cell temperature sensor unit 133. A control signal for determining the overcharge/overdischarge state and controlling the operation of the switch element of the cell balancing unit 131, which operates to transfer energy between adjacent cells to lower or increase the voltage of the cell in the overcharge or overdischarge state. to provide.

In addition, the MCU 134 receives the battery temperature value measured through the temperature sensing unit 133, and when the battery temperature value is less than the reference temperature value through a comparison process between the received battery temperature value and a preset reference temperature value. It is judged to be in a chargeable state (normal state) and can proceed to the short sound stage for charging the waste battery. If the battery temperature value exceeds the standard temperature value, it is judged to be in a state in which charging is not possible (abnormal state). By controlling the cell balancing unit 131, a control signal for controlling the charging/discharging operation of a battery cell in an abnormal state can be provided.

Additionally, the MCU 134 provides status information (impedance, minimum allowable current, minimum allowable voltage, maximum allowable current, maximum allowable voltage, minimum allowable temperature, maximum allowable temperature, current current, current voltage, current internal temperature) of each battery cell. , status (discharge, charge, standby), voltage waveform, current waveform, number of charge/discharge), an algorithm can be programmed to determine the remaining lifespan and replacement time of the battery cell.

For reference, the MCU 134 can perform various control or calculation tasks of the battery pack. For example, it is possible to perform tasks such as determining whether the battery pack is overvoltage or overcurrent, controlling the charge switch and discharge switch, and estimating SOC (State Of Charge) or SOH (State Of Health), and such as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). It can be implemented in various products.

Meanwhile, the MCU 134 mentioned herein may additionally include a relay control circuit that facilitates high voltage and high current control in order to compensate for the shortcomings of the FET switch, which are durability and vulnerability to high voltage and high current.

Next, the communication unit 135 is equipped with various communication ICs such as a CAN IC used for CAN (Controller Area Network) communication, a LIN IC used for LIN (Local Interconnect Network) communication, and an Ethernet IC used for Ethernet communication. can do.

The communication unit 135 must be supplied with power to perform its function. At this time, the communication unit can receive power for driving, that is, communication power, from the battery cells provided in the battery pack.

Therefore, the pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of enabling miniaturization and expanding battery series/parallel versatility by applying a BMS circuit to a PCB busbar connected to one cell terminal. there is.

Additionally, since some BMS functions are included in the cell busbar, it has the advantage of being able to reduce the PCB size compared to current BMS product groups.

In addition, there is an advantage in that it is possible to increase the utilization of waste batteries by having series/parallel design flexibility.

The “unit” used in one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a hardware component, a software component, and/or a combination of hardware components and software components. For example, devices and components described in embodiments may include, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable array (FPA), It may be implemented using one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers, such as a programmable logic unit (PLU), microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions. A processing device may execute an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications that run on the operating system. Additionally, a processing device may access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to the execution of software. For ease of understanding, a single processing device may be described as being used; however, those skilled in the art will understand that a processing device includes multiple processing elements and/or multiple types of processing elements. It can be seen that it may include. For example, a processing device may include a plurality of processors or one processor and one controller. Additionally, other processing configurations, such as parallel processors, are possible.

Software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, which may configure a processing unit to operate as desired, or may be processed independently or collectively. You can command the device. Software and/or data may be used by any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device to be interpreted by or to provide instructions or data to a processing device. , or may be permanently or temporarily embodied in a transmitted signal wave. Software may be distributed over networked computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on one or more computer-readable recording media.

The method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., singly or in combination. Program instructions recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiment or may be known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. -Includes optical media (magneto-optical media) and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc. Examples of program instructions include machine language code, such as that produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

The above-described content can be modified and modified by anyone skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical idea of the present invention, but are for illustrative purposes, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted in accordance with the claims below, and all technical ideas within the equivalent scope should be construed as being included in the scope of rights of the present invention.

100: Pouch-type cell-embedded battery management system
110: Pouch battery pack
120: PCB bus bar
121: first bus bar
122: Second bus bar
130: BMS department
131: Cell balancing unit
132: Cell voltage/current measurement unit
133: Cell temperature measurement unit
134: MCU
135: Department of Communications

Claims (5)

A pouch-type battery pack made of stacked battery cells; and
Includes PCB bus bars attached to both ends of the pouch-type battery pack,
The PCB bus bar is
It includes a first busbar and a second busbar connected to an FPCB, and is equipped with a BMS circuit that measures and controls high voltage/current and overcharge/discharge operations of each of the plurality of battery cells,
The first bus bar is
The BMS circuit is designed to be connected in series and/or parallel, and voltage/current measurement, temperature measurement, and cell balancing units of the battery cells of the BMS circuit are mounted,
The second bus bar is
An MCU that controls overcharge/discharge operations of the cell balancing unit according to overvoltage and overcurrent of the battery cell; and
Characterized in that a communication circuit is mounted that transmits cell balancing operation information and information on overcharge/discharge operations of the battery cell transmitted through the first bus bar and receives cell balancing control information from an external terminal.
Battery management system with built-in pouch-type cells.
delete delete According to paragraph 1,
The second bus bar is
Characterized in that a relay control unit connecting the BMS circuit assigned to each battery cell and the MCU is mounted,
Battery management system with built-in pouch-type cells.
According to paragraph 1,
The BMS circuit is
Characterized in that a unit that outputs an overvoltage blocking control signal and an overdischarge blocking FET control signal according to the control operation of the MCU is mounted.
Battery management system with built-in pouch-type cells.