KR102601784B1 - 레벨링제를 포함하는 주석 합금 전기 도금용 조성물 - Google Patents
레벨링제를 포함하는 주석 합금 전기 도금용 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102601784B1 KR102601784B1 KR1020197038207A KR20197038207A KR102601784B1 KR 102601784 B1 KR102601784 B1 KR 102601784B1 KR 1020197038207 A KR1020197038207 A KR 1020197038207A KR 20197038207 A KR20197038207 A KR 20197038207A KR 102601784 B1 KR102601784 B1 KR 102601784B1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001451 bismuth ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001449 indium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 ethanediyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CUJPFPXNDSIBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediyl Chemical group [CH2]C[CH2] CUJPFPXNDSIBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OMIVCRYZSXDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-butanediyl Chemical group [CH2]CC[CH2] OMIVCRYZSXDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- VXPLXMJHHKHSOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propham Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VXPLXMJHHKHSOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 74
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 75
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 30
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000004621 scanning probe microscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroquinone methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001211 (E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one Substances 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229930008407 benzylideneacetone Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- AICMYQIGFPHNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-J methanesulfonate;tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O AICMYQIGFPHNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000597 tin-copper alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000969 tin-silver-copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QKAJPFXKNNXMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Bi].[Ag].[Sn] QKAJPFXKNNXMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006832 (C1-C10) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSJSYDFBTIVUFD-SUKNRPLKSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium Chemical compound [V]=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FSJSYDFBTIVUFD-SUKNRPLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GPULXEIKKFAUAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=C1 GPULXEIKKFAUAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAZFRKEFQPOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(O)C=C1S(O)(=O)=O VSAZFRKEFQPOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinedicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
- C25D3/32—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin characterised by the organic bath constituents used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/60—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2 는 비교예 2.2 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 3 은 실시예 2.3 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 4 는 실시예 2.4 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 5 는 실시예 2.5 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 6 은 비교예 3.1 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 구리 합금 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 7 은 실시예 3.2 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 구리 합금 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 8 은 비교예 4.1 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 은 합금 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다;
도 9 는 실시예 4.2 에 따라서 전기 도금된 주석 은 합금 범프의 SEM 영상을 나타낸다.
Claims (19)
- 주석 이온, 추가로 은, 인듐 및 비스무트 이온에서 선택되는 합금 금속 이온, 및 화학식 L1 의 구조 단위를 포함하는 선형 또는 분지형 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물을 포함하는 하나 이상의 첨가제를 포함하는 수성 조성물:
(식 중,
R1, R2, R3 은 각각 독립적으로 H 원자 및 1 내지 20 개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 유기 라디칼에서 선택되고,
X1 은
(a) 미치환되거나 또는 치환될 수 있으며, 임의로 O, S 및 NR10 이 삽입되고 아릴기로 치환될 수 있으며, 분지화에 의한 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물의 하나 이상의 연속을 포함할 수 있는 선형, 분지형 또는 시클릭 C4 내지 C20 알칸디일, 및
(b) 기 -Y2-Y1-Y2-
에서 선택되고,
단, X1 은 이미다졸 고리의 질소 원자에 대해서 α 또는 β 위치에 히드록실기를 포함하지 않으며,
Y1 은 페닐, 나프틸, 피리딜, 피리미딜 및 푸라닐에서 선택되고,
Y2 는 독립적으로 메탄디일, 에탄디일, 1,3-프로판디일 및 1,4-부탄디일에서 선택되고,
R10 은 H 또는 C1 내지 C6 알킬이고,
n 은 5 내지 5000 의 정수이다). - 제 1 항에 있어서, R1 및 R2 가 H 원자인 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, R3 이 H 원자 또는 메틸, 에틸 또는 프로필인 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, X1 이 임의의 히드록실기를 포함하지 않는 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, X1 이 선형 또는 분지형 C4 내지 C14 알칸디일, 또는 선형 C4 내지 C12 알칸디일인 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, X1 이 하기 화학식의 시클릭 알칸디일인 조성물:
(식 중,
X2 는 독립적으로 C1 내지 C4 알칸디일에서 선택되고, 이는 O 및 NR4 에서 선택되는 1 또는 2 개가 삽입될 수 있으며,
X3 은 독립적으로 (a) 화학 결합 또는 (b) C1 내지 C4 알칸디일에서 선택되고, 이는 O 또는 NR4 가 삽입될 수 있으며,
X2, X3 또는 X2 및 X3 모두는 분지화에 의한 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물의 하나 이상의 연속을 포함할 수 있으며,
R4 는 C1 내지 C4 알킬기이다). - 삭제
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 첨가제가 클로라이드, 술페이트 또는 아세테이트에서 선택되는 반대 이온 Yo- (o 는 양의 정수이다) 를 포함하는 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 조성물의 pH 가 4 미만, 또는 3 미만, 또는 2 미만인 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 겔 투과 크로마토그래피에 의해 결정되는, 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물의 질량 평균 분자량 Mw 가 500 g/mol 내지 1,000,000 g/mol, 또는 1,000 g/mol 내지 500,000 g/mol, 또는 2,000 g/mol 내지 50,000 g/mol 인 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물이 80 중량% 초과의 화학식 L1 의 구조 단위를 포함하는 조성물.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 계면활성제 및 하나 이상의 결정 미세화제에서 선택되는 첨가제를 추가로 포함하는 조성물.
- 은, 구리, 인듐 및 비스무트에서 선택되는 합금 금속을 0.01 내지 10 중량% 의 양으로 포함하는 주석 합금 함유 층을 침착시키기 위한 조에서 사용되는, 화학식 L1 의 구조 단위를 포함하는 선형 또는 분지형 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물을 포함하는 첨가제:
(식 중,
R1, R2, R3 은 각각 독립적으로 H 원자 및 1 내지 20 개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 유기 라디칼에서 선택되고,
X1 은
(a) 미치환되거나 또는 치환될 수 있으며, 임의로 O, S 및 NR10 이 삽입되고 아릴기로 치환될 수 있으며, 분지화에 의한 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물의 하나 이상의 연속을 포함할 수 있는 선형, 분지형 또는 시클릭 C4 내지 C20 알칸디일, 및
(b) 기 -Y2-Y1-Y2-
에서 선택되고,
단, X1 은 이미다졸 고리의 질소 원자에 대해서 α 또는 β 위치에 히드록실기를 포함하지 않으며,
Y1 은 페닐, 나프틸, 피리딜, 피리미딜 및 푸라닐에서 선택되고,
Y2 는 독립적으로 메탄디일, 에탄디일, 1,3-프로판디일 및 1,4-부탄디일에서 선택되고,
R10 은 H 또는 C1 내지 C6 알킬이고,
n 은 5 내지 5000 의 정수이다). - 제 13 항에 있어서, 침착된 주석 합금 층이 0.1 내지 5 중량% 의 합금 금속 함량을 갖는 첨가제.
- 하기의 단계에 의한, 기판 상에의 주석 합금 층의 침착 방법:
a) 주석 이온, 추가로 은, 구리, 인듐 및 비스무트 이온에서 선택되는 합금 금속 이온, 및 화학식 L1
(식 중,
R1, R2, R3 은 각각 독립적으로 H 원자 및 1 내지 20 개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 유기 라디칼에서 선택되고,
X1 은
(a) 미치환되거나 또는 치환될 수 있으며, 임의로 O, S 및 NR10 이 삽입되고 아릴기로 치환될 수 있으며, 분지화에 의한 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물의 하나 이상의 연속을 포함할 수 있는 선형, 분지형 또는 시클릭 C4 내지 C20 알칸디일, 및
(b) 기 -Y2-Y1-Y2-
에서 선택되고,
단, X1 은 이미다졸 고리의 질소 원자에 대해서 α 또는 β 위치에 히드록실기를 포함하지 않으며,
Y1 은 페닐, 나프틸, 피리딜, 피리미딜 및 푸라닐에서 선택되고,
Y2 는 독립적으로 메탄디일, 에탄디일, 1,3-프로판디일 및 1,4-부탄디일에서 선택되고,
R10 은 H 또는 C1 내지 C6 알킬이고,
n 은 5 내지 5000 의 정수이다)
의 구조 단위를 포함하는 선형 또는 분지형 폴리이미다졸륨 화합물을 포함하는 하나 이상의 첨가제를 포함하는 조성물을 포함하는 주석 합금 전기 도금 조를 기판과 접촉시키는 단계, 및
b) 주석 합금 층을 기판 상에 침착시키는데 충분한 시간 동안 기판에 전류 밀도를 인가하는 단계 (여기에서, 침착되는 주석 합금의 합금 금속 함량은 0.01 내지 10 중량% 임). - 제 15 항에 있어서, 기판이 마이크로미터 크기의 특징부를 포함하며, 침착이 마이크로미터 크기의 특징부를 충전하도록 수행되는 기판 상에의 주석 합금 층의 침착 방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서, 마이크로미터 크기의 특징부가 1 내지 200 마이크로미터, 또는 3 내지 100 마이크로미터의 크기를 갖는 기판 상에의 주석 합금 층의 침착 방법.
- 삭제
- 삭제
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