KR102446364B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102446364B1 KR102446364B1 KR1020150125029A KR20150125029A KR102446364B1 KR 102446364 B1 KR102446364 B1 KR 102446364B1 KR 1020150125029 A KR1020150125029 A KR 1020150125029A KR 20150125029 A KR20150125029 A KR 20150125029A KR 102446364 B1 KR102446364 B1 KR 102446364B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- lithium secondary
- compound
- secondary battery
- formula
- Prior art date
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 fluoro γ-butyrolactone Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- HKXLKZFLAZGVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.CCCCCC Chemical compound [C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.CCCCCC HKXLKZFLAZGVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예 1 내지 3 및 비교예 1 내지 3에 따라 제조된 전지의 상온에서의 LSV(linear Sweep Voltammetry) 결과를 나타낸 그래프.
도 3a는 본 발명의 실시예 1 내지 3 및 비교예 1 내지 3에 따라 제조된 전지의 고온에서의 LSV(linear Sweep Voltammetry) 결과를 나타낸 그래프.
도 3b는 도 3a를 일부 확대하여 나타낸 그래프.
도 4는 본 발명의 실시예 1 내지 3 및 비교예 1 내지 3에 따라 제조된 고온 저장시 두께 증가율을 측정하여 나타낸 그래프.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예 1 내지 3 및 비교예 1 내지 3에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차 전지의 고온 저장시 두께 증가율 및 용량 유지율을 측정하여 나타낸 그래프.
도 6은 본 발명의 실시예 1 내지 3 및 비교예 1 내지 3에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차 전지의 고온 저장시 발생되는 가스 성분을 나타낸 그래프.
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예 2 내지 3과 비교예 1 내지 2의 리튬 이차 전지의 열충격 두께 변화율을 보이는 그래프.
HTCN (중량%) |
GBL (중량%) |
초기용량 (mAh) |
60℃ 4주 방치 후 용량(mAh) | 용량유지율(%) | 초기두께(㎛) | 60℃ 4주 방치 후 두께(㎛) | 두께 변화율(%) | |
실시예 1 | 2 | 1.5 | 2920 | 2270 | 77.7 | 5.28 | 6.10 | 16 |
실시예 2 | 2 | 3 | 2919 | 2265 | 77.6 | 5.23 | 5.82 | 11 |
실시예 3 | 2 | 5 | 2933 | 2310 | 78.8 | 5.22 | 5.66 | 8 |
비교예 1 | 0 | 0 | 2940 | 1970 | 67.0 | 5.35 | 7.36 | 38 |
비교예 2 | 2 | 0 | 2931 | 2150 | 73.4 | 5.30 | 6.49 | 22 |
비교예 3 | 0 | 3 | 2932 | 2210 | 75.4 | 5.29 | 6.06 | 15 |
비교예 4 | 0.04 | 10 | 2915 | 1980 | 67.9 | 5.25 | 6.80 | 30 |
비교예 5 | 2 | 0.04 | 2920 | 2180 | 75.7 | 5.29 | 6.47 | 22 |
비교예 6 | 10.2 | 2 | 2800 | 2000 | 71.4 | 5.30 | 6.38 | 20 |
HTCN(중량%) | GBL(중량%) | 초기용량(mAh) | 열충격 후 용량(mAh) | 용량유지율(%) | 초기두께(㎛) | 열충격 후 두께(㎛) | 두께 변화율(%) | |
실시예 2 | 2 | 3 | 2904 | 2280 | 78.5 | 5.25 | 5.65 | 8 |
실시예 3 | 2 | 5 | 2900 | 2260 | 77.9 | 5.22 | 5.67 | 9 |
비교예 1 | 0 | 0 | 2920 | 1906 | 65.3 | 5.17 | 6.70 | 30 |
비교예 2 | 2 | 0 | 2910 | 2300 | 79 | 5.21 | 5.96 | 14 |
Claims (10)
- 비수성 유기 용매;
리튬염;
하기 화학식 1의 제1 화합물; 및
하기 화학식 2의 제2 화합물을 포함하고,
상기 제1 화합물의 함량은 0.05 중량% 내지 10 중량%이고, 상기 제2 화합물의 함량은 0.05 중량% 내지 10 중량%인
리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
[화학식 1]
(상기 화학식 1에서, k, m 및 n은 각각 독립적으로, 0 내지 20의 정수이고, k, m 및 n은 상기 화학식 1이 비대칭 구조를 갖도록 선택되고,
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 및 R6는 서로 독립적으로 수소, 알킬기, 알콕시기 또는 플로로 알킬기이다.)
[화학식 2]
(상기 화학식 2에서, n은 1 내지 3의 정수이고,
X는 수소, 할로겐, 치환 또는 치환되지 않은 알킬기 또는 치환 또는 치환되지 않은 알콕시기이다.) - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 제1 화합물의 함량은 상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 전체 100 중량%에 대하여 0.5 중량% 내지 5 중량%인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 제2 화합물의 함량은 상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 전체 100 중량%에 대하여 0.5 중량% 내지 5 중량%인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 k, m 및 n은 서로 다른 정수인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 제1 화합물은 헥산트리시아나이드, 펜타트리시아나이드, 플로로헥산트리시아나이드 또는 이들의 조합인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 제2 화합물은 γ-부티로락톤, γ-카프로락톤, γ-발레로락톤, 플로로 γ-부티로락톤 또는 이들의 조합인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 전해질은 플루오로에틸렌 카보네이트, 비닐에틸렌 카보네이트, 숙시노니트릴, 폴리설폰 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 첨가제를 하나 이상 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 전해질은 4.35V 이상의 고전압에서 작동하는 전지용인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질. - 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극;
양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극; 및
제1항 내지 제3항 및 제5항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항의 전해질을 포함하는
리튬 이차 전지.
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