KR102340573B1 - 적층식 제조 작업 중 방사 열 에너지를 측정하는 시스템 및 방법 - Google Patents
적층식 제조 작업 중 방사 열 에너지를 측정하는 시스템 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 1a는 이 특정 예에서 레이저 빔으로 간주되는 에너지 소스를 갖는 적층식 제조 시스템에 사용되는 광학 감지 장치의 개념도이다.
도 1b는 이 특정 예에서 전자 빔으로 간주되는 에너지 소스를 갖는 적층식 제조 시스템에 사용되는 광학 감지 장치의 개념도이다.
도 2는 적층식 제조 프로세스에 사용되는 샘플 스캔 패턴을 도시한다.
도 3은 제조 결함을 포함할 가능성이 높은 부품의 부분들을 식별하는 방법을 나타내는 흐름도를 도시한다.
도 4a 내지 4h는 열 에너지 밀도를 사용하여 제조 결함을 포함할 가능성이 높은 부품의 일부를 식별하기 위한 단계별 프로세스와 연관된 데이터를 도시한다.
도 5는 IPQM 평가를 완결하기 위해 스캔릿(scanlet) 데이터 분리를 사용하는 방법을 상세히 설명하는 흐름도를 도시한다.
도 6a 내지 6f는 열 에너지 밀도를 사용하여 제조 결함을 포함할 가능성이 높은 부품의 일부를 식별하기 위한 단계별 프로세스와 연관된 데이터를 도시한다.
도 7a 내지 7c는 IPQM 메트릭을 후 프로세스 금속 조직학(metallography)과 비교한 테스트 결과를 도시한다.
도 8은 비-이미징 광 검출기와 같은 광학 센서에 의해 기록된 데이터가 적층식 제조 빌드 프로세스를 특징짓기 위해 처리될 수 있는 대안적인 프로세스를 도시한다.
도 9a 내지 9d는 다수의 스캔이 개별 그리드 영역에 도입된 전력에 어떻게 기여할 수 있는지를 나타내는 시각적 묘사를 도시한다.
도 10a는 기술된 실시예들과 함께 사용하기에 적합한 예시적인 터빈 블레이드를 도시한다.
도 10b는 25개의 터빈 블레이드가 빌드 평면(1006) 위에 동시에 제조될 수 있는 예시적인 제조 구성을 도시한다.
도 10c 내지 10d는 도 10b에 도시된 구성의 상이한 층의 상이한 단면도를 도시한다.
도 11a 내지 11b는 2개의 상이한 터빈 블레이드의 베이스 부분의 단면도를 도시한다.
도 11c는 2개의 상이한 베이스 부분들 사이의 표면 일관성의 차이를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 12는 다수의 상이한 빌드와 연관된 부품에 대한 열 에너지 밀도를 도시한다.
도 13 내지 도 14b는 열 에너지 밀도가 현장(in-situ) 측정을 사용하여 부품의 공정을 제어하는데 어떻게 사용될 수 있는지의 일 예를 도시한다.
도 14c는 에너지 소스 설정이 프로세스 윈도우에서 너무 멀리 떨어져서 발생하는 다양한 물리적 효과를 강조하는 다른 전력 밀도 그래프를 도시한다.
도 14d는 레이저 출력 및 스캐닝 속도 설정에 따라 용융 풀의 크기 및 형상이 어떻게 변할 수 있는지를 도시한다.
도 15a 내지 15f는 적층식 제조 작업을 특성화하고 제어하기 위해 어떻게 그리드가 동적으로 생성될 수 있는지를 도시한다.
도 16은 적층식 제조 작업의 피드백 제어를 설정 및 유지하기 위한 예시적인 제어 루프(1600)를 도시한다.
도 17a는 빌드 플레이트(build plate)에 걸친 분말의 정상 분포를 도시한다.
도 17b는 불충분한 양의 분말이 리코터 암(recoater arm)에 의해 빌드 플레이트에 걸쳐 확산될 때, 결과적인 분말 층의 두께가 어떻게 변할 수 있는지를 도시한다.
도 17c는 분말의 짧은 공급이 빌드 플레이트 상에 배열된 9개의 작업물의 부분적 커버리지만을 초래한 빌드 플레이트의 흑백 사진을 보여준다.
도 17d는 동일한 입력 파라미터를 사용하여 에너지 소스가 9개의 모든 작업물을 가로질러 스캔할 때, 검출된 열 에너지 밀도가 어떻게 실질적으로 다른지를 보여준다.
Claims (20)
- 적층식 제조 방법에 있어서,
빌드 평면을 가로질러 에너지 소스(100)의 복수의 스캔(206, 208, 210, 212)을 생성하는 단계;
상기 빌드 평면을 모니터링하는 광학 센서(109)를 사용하여 상기 복수의 스캔의 각 스캔 동안 상기 빌드 평면으로부터 방사되는 에너지(106)의 양을 측정하는 단계;
상기 에너지 소스의 상기 복수의 스캔 동안 횡단된 상기 빌드 평면(104)의 면적을 결정하는 단계;
상기 방사된 에너지의 양 및 상기 복수의 스캔에 의해 횡단된 빌드 평면의 면적에 기초하여 상기 복수의 스캔에 의해 횡단된 상기 빌드 평면의 면적에 대한 열 에너지 밀도를 결정하는 단계;
상기 열 에너지 밀도를 상기 빌드 평면의 하나 또는 그 이상의 위치에 매핑하는 단계;
상기 열 에너지 밀도가 소정의 열 에너지 밀도 값 범위 밖의 열 에너지 밀도를 특징으로 하는 것으로 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 빌드 평면의 상기 하나 또는 그 이상의 위치에 걸쳐 또는 그 부근에서 상기 에너지 소스의 후속 스캔을 조정하는 단계
를 포함하는 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 에너지의 양을 측정하는 단계는 상기 광학 센서(109)로부터 센서 판독 값을 수신하는 단계를 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 횡단된 빌드 평면(104)의 면적을 결정하는 단계는,
상기 복수의 스캔 중 제1 스캔의 시작점을 결정하는 단계;
상기 제1 스캔의 종료점을 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 시작점과 상기 종료점 사이의 거리를 계산함으로써 상기 제1 스캔의 길이를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는,
적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 열 에너지 밀도가 소정의 열 에너지 밀도 값 범위 밖의 열 에너지 밀도를 특징으로 하는 것으로 결정하는 단계는,
기준을 수신하는 단계;
하나 이상의 열 에너지 밀도 스캔 값이 상기 기준과 실질적으로 다른 것으로 결정하는 단계; 및
그래프 및 포인트 클라우드 중 적어도 하나를 출력하는 단계를 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,
상기 열 에너지 밀도가 소정의 열 에너지 밀도 값 범위 밖의 열 에너지 밀도를 특징으로 하는 것으로 결정하는 단계는,
프로세스 파라미터와 연관된 제어 신호를 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 에너지 소스(100)는 레이저 및 전자 빔 중 적어도 하나에 대응하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 열 에너지 밀도를 매핑하는 단계는,
상기 빌드 평면에 걸쳐 상기 에너지 소스의 경로를 나타내는 에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터를 수신하는 단계; 및
상기 에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터를 사용하여 상기 복수의 스캔의 각각의 위치를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 에너지 소스와 연관된 위치 데이터를 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터(410)를 수신하는 단계
를 더 포함하고,
상기 에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터는 상기 에너지 소스(100)가 켜진 때 및 상기 에너지 소스가 꺼진 때를 나타내는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 적층식 제조 방법에 있어서,
빌드 평면을 복수의 그리드 영역(902)으로 분할하는 단계 - 상기 그리드 영역의 각각은 그리드 면적을 가짐 -;
상기 빌드 평면을 가로질러 에너지 소스의 복수의 스캔(904, 906)을 생성하는 단계;
광학 센서를 사용하여 상기 복수의 스캔의 각 스캔 동안 센서 판독 값을 생성하는 단계;
상기 센서 판독 값을 사용하여 상기 복수의 스캔 동안 상기 빌드 평면으로부터 방사되는 총 에너지 양을 결정하는 단계;
상기 복수의 그리드 영역 중 하나의 그리드 영역으로부터 방사되는 총 에너지 양 및 상기 그리드 영역의 상기 그리드 면적에 기초하여, 상기 그리드 영역과 연관된 열 에너지 밀도를 계산하는 단계;
상기 그리드 영역과 연관된 상기 열 에너지 밀도가 소정의 열 에너지 밀도 값 범위 밖의 열 에너지 밀도를 특징으로 하는 것으로 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 에너지 소스의 출력을 조정하는 단계
를 포함하는 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,
상기 열 에너지 밀도는 상기 그리드 영역으로부터 방사된 총 에너지의 양을 상기 그리드 면적으로 나눔으로써 결정되는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,
상기 그리드 영역의 폭의 크기는 상기 복수의 스캔 각각의 길이에 따라 정해지는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,
상기 복수의 스캔을 포함하는 그리드 영역을 결정하는 단계는,
상기 빌드 평면에 걸쳐 상기 에너지 소스의 경로를 나타내는 에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터를 수신하는 단계; 및
상기 에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터에 기초하여 상기 그리드 영역의 위치, 형상 및 크기를 정의하는 단계를 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,
상기 에너지 소스 구동 신호 데이터는 상기 복수의 스캔 중 둘 또는 그 이상의 스캔 사이의 거리를 포함하는 적층식 제조 방법.
- 적층식 제조 방법에 있어서,
빌드 평면의 적어도 일부를, 각각 그리드 면적을 갖는 복수의 그리드 영역들(902)로 분할하는 단계;
상기 빌드 평면을 가로질러 에너지 소스의 복수의 스캔(904, 906)을 생성하는 단계;
광학 센서를 사용하여 상기 복수의 스캔의 각 스캔 동안 센서 판독 값을 생성하는 단계;
상기 복수의 스캔 각각에 대해, 상기 센서 판독 값들 각각의 부분들을 상기 복수의 그리드 영역들 중 하나에 매핑하는 단계;
상기 복수의 그리드 영역들 각각에 대하여:
각각의 그리드 영역에 매핑된 센서 판독 값들을 합산하는 단계; 및
상기 합산된 센서 판독 값 및 상기 그리드 면적에 기초하여 열 에너지 밀도를 계산하는 단계;
상기 복수의 그리드 영역들 중 하나 또는 그 이상과 연관된 상기 열 에너지 밀도가 소정의 열 에너지 밀도 값 범위 밖의 열 에너지 밀도를 특징으로 하는 것으로 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 에너지 소스의 출력을 조정하는 단계
를 포함하는 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,
상기 빌드 평면을 가로질러 분말 층(1702)을 제공하는 단계;
상기 분말 층을 가로질러 상기 에너지 소스의 추가적인 복수의 스캔을 생성하는 단계
를 더 포함하고,
상기 추가적인 복수의 스캔 중 적어도 일부의 특성은 상기 복수의 그리드 영역들 중 하나 또는 그 이상의 계산된 열 에너지 밀도에 기초하는,
적층식 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,
상기 에너지 소스의 하나 또는 그 이상의 입력 파라미터는 상기 계산된 열 에너지 밀도에 기초하여 상기 복수의 스캔 중 하나의 적어도 일부 동안 변경되는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,
상기 센서 판독 값들 각각의 부분들을 매핑하는 단계는 상기 복수의 스캔 중 하나에 대한 상기 센서 판독 값 모두를 상기 복수의 그리드 영역들 중 하나 또는 그 이상에 매핑하는 단계를 포함하는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,
상기 복수의 그리드 영역은 상기 빌드 평면의 전체에 걸쳐 전개되는, 적층식 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,
상기 그리드 영역들은 상기 빌드 평면에 걸쳐 균일하게 분포되는, 적층식 제조 방법.
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KR20240078467A (ko) * | 2022-11-24 | 2024-06-04 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 기계학습 기반 금속 3d 프린팅 제품 밀도 예측 장치 및 이를 이용한 금속 3d 프린팅 제품 밀도 예측 방법 |
KR102795649B1 (ko) | 2022-11-24 | 2025-04-16 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 기계학습 기반 금속 3d 프린팅 제품 밀도 예측 장치 및 이를 이용한 금속 3d 프린팅 제품 밀도 예측 방법 |
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JP2020530070A (ja) | 2020-10-15 |
US10479020B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
JP2024037833A (ja) | 2024-03-19 |
US20190039318A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
US11938560B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
JP7408066B2 (ja) | 2024-01-05 |
WO2019028184A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
KR20200051594A (ko) | 2020-05-13 |
JP7576873B2 (ja) | 2024-11-01 |
US20240207971A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
DE112018001597T5 (de) | 2019-12-12 |
US20220388249A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
US20200101671A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
CN115319115A (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
JP2022081477A (ja) | 2022-05-31 |
JP7024981B2 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
US11390035B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
EP3548218A1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
EP3548218A4 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
US20240326158A1 (en) | 2024-10-03 |
CN111315531A (zh) | 2020-06-19 |
CN111315531B (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
DE112018001597B4 (de) | 2021-06-02 |
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