KR102281315B1 - 산업용 및 탄화수소 가스 액화 - Google Patents
산업용 및 탄화수소 가스 액화 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102281315B1 KR102281315B1 KR1020177030248A KR20177030248A KR102281315B1 KR 102281315 B1 KR102281315 B1 KR 102281315B1 KR 1020177030248 A KR1020177030248 A KR 1020177030248A KR 20177030248 A KR20177030248 A KR 20177030248A KR 102281315 B1 KR102281315 B1 KR 102281315B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- ammonia
- vat
- gas stream
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 239
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 47
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 46
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700039708 galantide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시 예의 개략도이다.
도 2a 및 도 2b는 가스가 가스의 임계압력(critical pressure) 미만으로 압축되는 일 실시 예의 공정 흐름도(PFD, process flow diagram)이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시 예를 이용하는 이산화탄소(CO2)에 대한 몰리에르 선도(mollier chart)이다. 이것 및 다른 몰리에르 선도는 미국 Chemicalogic Corporation에서 제공한 특정 엔탈피-압력 차트를 나타낸다.
도 4는 입구 압력 170kPa, 2% CO2 및 98% CH4로 포화된 물에서 스위트 천연가스(sweet natural gas)의 가스 액화 방법 2를 이용하는 공정 흐름도 (PFD)이다. 상기 액화 사이클은 170kPa의 압력의 저장을 응용하는 단일 플래시 액화를 사용한다.
도 5a 및 도 5b는 주요 장비 및 프로세스 데이터 포인트에 주목한 변형된 흡수식 냉각 사이클을 이용하는 공정 흐름도(PFD)이다. 이 공정은 4단계 NH3 냉각 시스템, 증기 흡수 탑(VAT, vapour absorber tower), 린(lean) 용액 냉각기, 폐열 교환기, 발전기, 정류기 컬럼, 환류 응축기(분류기), 암모니아 응축기 및 기타 보조 장비의 주요 구성 요소를 나타낸다.
도 6a는 본 발명의 일 실시 예를 나타내는 액화 사이클을 이용하는 메탄(CH4)에 대한 몰리에르 선도(Mollier Chart)이다. 도 6B는 선택적인 고압 공급(high-pressure feed)과 함께 다른 실시 예를 이용하는 메탄에 대한 몰리에르 선도(Mollier Chart)이다.
도 7은 무수 암모니아(NH3)에 대한 몰리에르 선도로 무수 암모니아 증기가 VAT로 돌아갈 때의 무수 암모니아의 압력과 온도를 나타내는 4단계 액화기 냉각기 시스템의 열역학적 포인트를 나타낸다. 이 실시 예의 주변 냉각 시스템 온도는 22℃의 응축 온도를 가정한다.
도 8은 작동점(operating point), 특히 VAT를 통한 핵심 공정 작동 압력, 온도 및 용액 농도 및 본 발명에서 이용되는 변형된 흡수식 사이클의 나머지를 나타내는 수화 암모니아 용액에 대한 PTX 도면이다. 수화 암모니아에 대한 PTX 그래프는 PROMAX™ 프로세스 시뮬레이터의 프로세스 데이터를 사용하여 플롯되었다.
도 9는 최종 가스 액화 냉각이 액화 가스 기화 열 교환기에서 발생하는 일 실시 예의 공정 흐름도(PFD)이다.
도 10은 도 9에 도시된 액화 사이클의 일 실시 예를 이용하는 공기의 액화를 위한 몰리에르 선도(mollier chart)이다.
Claims (19)
- 하기의 단계를 포함하는 가스를 액화하는 방법:
(a) 입구 압력(inlet pressure)을 갖는 입구 가스 스트림(inlet gas stream)를 수용하고 상기 입구 가스 스트림를 원하는 압력으로 압축 또는 감압하여, 압축 또는 감압 가스 스트림을 생성하는 단계;
(b) 다음 중 어느 하나에 의하여, 상기 압축 또는 감압된 가스 스트림을 액화시켜 액화 가스 생성물을 생성하는 단계,
(i) 적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기(absorption chiller)를 통해 상기 압축 또는 감압된 가스 스트림을 냉각시켜, 냉각된 가스 스트림을 생성하고 냉각된 가스 스트림의 적어도 일부를 액화시키기 위해 상기 냉각된 가스 스트림의 압력을 단열적으로(adiabatically) 감소시켜 액화 가스 생성물을 생성하는 단계; 또는
(ii) 적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기를 통해 압축 또는 감압된 가스 스트림을 냉각시켜 액화 가스 생성물을 생성하는 단계;
(c) 암모니아 가스를 방출하고 린(lean) 수화-암모니아 용액을 생산하기 위하여, 정류기(rectifier)에서 리치(rich) 수화-암모니아(aqua-ammonia) 용액을 가열하는 단계;
(d) 린(lean) 수화-암모니아 용액을 과냉각(subcooling)시키고 과냉각된 린(lean) 수화-암모니아 용액을 증기 흡수 탑(VAT, vapour absorption tower)의 상부로 순환시키는 단계;
(e) 상기 정류기로부터 상기 암모니아 가스를 응축(condensing)하여 액체 암모니아(liquid ammonia)를 생성하고, 적어도 하나의 상기 흡수식 냉각기에서 사용하기 위한 냉각된(chilled) 액체 암모니아를 생성하기 위하여 액체(liquid) 암모니아를 플래시(flashing)하는 단계;
(f) VAT 상부에서 대기압 이하의 작동 압력을 유지하면서, 단계 (c)에서의 리치 수화-암모니아 용액을 생성하기 위해 VAT 내에서 상기 적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기로부터의 암모니아 가스를 과냉각된 린(lean) 수화-암모니아로 흡수(absorbing)하는 단계.
- 제1항에 있어서,
암모니아 가스를 방출하기 위해 상기 정류기(rectifier)에서 리치(rich) 수화-암모니아(aqua-ammonia) 용액을 가열하는 단계는 단계 (a)에서 회수된 압축 열을 사용하여 수행되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 냉각된 가스 스트림은 단계 (b)(i)에서 부분적으로 액화되고, 적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기에서 압축 또는 감압된 가스 스트림을 냉각하는 단계 이전에 액화된 가스 생성물에서 비-액화 가스를 분리하는 단계 및 압축 또는 감압된 가스 스트림을 추가로 냉각시키는 증기 재순환 루프(vapour recycle loop)에서 상기 비-액화 가스를 리사이클하는 단계, 그 다음 압축하고 비-액화 가스를 입구 가스 스트림과 결합하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 입구 가스 스트림은 산업용 가스 또는 탄화수소 가스 또는 산업용 또는 탄화수소 가스의 임의의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 입구 가스 스트림은 상기 입구 가스 스트림의 임계점 이하로 압축되고 상기 방법은 단열 팽창 이전에 -71℃보다 높은 가스 액화 온도에 도달하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
단계 (f)는 VAT 상부에서 -71℃의 온도를 유지하면서 수행되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기는 적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기에 사용되는 냉각된 액체 암모니아에서 물 농도의 증가를 방지하기 위해 액체 블리드 스트림(liquid bleed stream)을 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 암모니아 가스가 상기 VAT에서 과냉각 수화-암모니아 용액에 완전히 용해되도록, 상기 VAT 상부에서 대기압 이하의 작동 압력은 과냉각된 린 수화-암모니아 용액의 충분한 질량 흐름(mass flow)을 이용함으로써 그리고 상기 VAT에서 리치 수화-암모니아 용액을 제거하는 펌프의 흡입 압력을 유지하면서 린 수화-암모니아 용액의 순환을 제어하는 밸브를 조임(pinching)으로써 유지되는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기로부터 과냉각된 린 수화-암모니아 용액으로 상기 암모니아 가스를 흡수하는 용액의 열 및 응축열(heat of condensation) 에너지의 열의 일부 또는 전부가 VAT에서 회수되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
하나 이상의 흡수식 냉각기로부터의 암모니아 가스는 상기 VAT의 과냉각된 린 수화-암모니아 용액의 높이(elevation) 아래의 진입 점(entry point)에서 VAT에 들어가고, 따라서 VAT에서 과냉각된 린 수화-암모니아 용액의 수압 헤드(hydraulic head)는 VAT에서 과냉된 린 수화-암모니아 용액을 과냉각 상태로 유지하는 것을 용이하게 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
단계 (b)(i)는 냉각된 가스 스트림의 압력을 단열적으로 감소시키기 이전에 가스 스트림의 온도를 추가로 감소시키기 위해 가스/가스 열 교환기를 사용하여 냉각된 가스 스트림을 냉각시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기를 통해 압축 또는 감압 가스 스트림을 냉각시키기 이전에 상기 압축 또는 감압 가스 스트림을 탈수시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,
상기 냉각된 가스 스트림은 충분한 양의 알코올을 냉각된 가스 스트림에 첨가하고 단계 (b)(i)의 단열 감압 단계 전에 알코올과 물을 응축시킴으로써 탈수되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 액화 가스 생성물로부터 임의의 고형물을 제거하기 위하여 상기 액화 가스를 여과하는 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 흡수식 냉각기는 복수의 흡수식 냉각기를 포함하고, 여기서 상기 흡수식 냉각기 중 하나로부터 VAT로 들어가는 암모니아 가스의 진입 점은 흡수식 냉각기 중 다른 하나에서 VAT로 들어가는 암모니아 가스의 진입 점과 다른 높이에 있는 방법.
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