KR102244795B1 - Multi-layer coated cutting tool material, method of manufacturing the same, and cutting tool insert for mechanical work having the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a multilayer coated cutting material having excellent lubricity and abrasion resistance, a method of manufacturing the same, and a cutting tool insert for machining including the same. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer coated cutting material includes: a base material including a cemented carbide, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel; A cutting layer located on the base material and composed of multiple layers; And located on the cutting layer, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Includes; a lubricating layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of).

Description

Multi-layer coated cutting tool material, method of manufacturing the same, and cutting tool insert for mechanical work having the same

The technical idea of the present invention relates to a cutting tool material, and more particularly, to a multilayer coated cutting material having excellent lubricity and abrasion resistance, a method of manufacturing the same, and a cutting tool insert for machining including the same.

New materials developed with the development of the industry are becoming difficult to perform machining with existing processed materials, and accordingly, demands for cutting performance and life extension of the processed materials are increasing. To this end, nitride-based ceramic coating layers are widely applied, and developments for improving the performance of such coating layers are continuing. Specifically, since the load applied to the cutting edge of the tool during machining is increased by the newly developed new materials, it is necessary to improve the properties of the tool material, and in order to reduce the applied load, characteristics such as abrasion resistance and welding resistance. Improvement is required. This requirement cannot be satisfied only with the existing AlTiN thin film.

AlTiN, a nitride containing aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti), can secure oxidation resistance and abrasion resistance at the same time by adding the characteristics of aluminum (Al) to its high hardness. It has been widely used as a material. However, as described above, according to the continuous development of the material for processing, the material for the aviation industry or for use in high-temperature processing has encountered a limit of insufficient characteristics. In order to overcome this limitation, the life of the tool is improved by maintaining the hardness at a high processing temperature or by manufacturing a material for a cutting tool having a high hardness.

In addition to the demand for enhanced wear resistance, in order to enhance thermal stability and oxidation resistance, the characteristics of the existing AlTiN thin film are strengthened by introducing additional elements to TiN-based or TiAlN-based coatings, and furthermore, Cr, Si, Mo, V, Zr, Compound thin films of multi-element systems such as ternary and quaternary systems, including elements such as W, are being developed. In addition, efforts to increase the life of the cutting tool by improving the properties of the thin film through a method using various coating structures are continuing.

However, since the alloy has low thermal conductivity and high reactivity with tools like difficult-to-cut materials, high temperatures are generated during machining, and due to the characteristics of the workpiece, such as difficult-to-cut materials and stainless steel, it is easy to generate a build-up edge. In this case, a decrease in the roughness of the workpiece due to welding during machining may occur and damage to the tool may occur. Therefore, a cutting material having lubricity is required.

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-7028852

The technical problem to be achieved by the technical idea of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer coated cutting material having excellent lubricity and abrasion resistance, a manufacturing method thereof, and a cutting tool insert for machining including the same.

However, these problems are exemplary, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multilayer coated cutting material having excellent lubricity and wear resistance, and a cutting tool insert for machining including the same.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer coated cutting material includes: a base material including a cemented carbide, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel; A cutting layer located on the base material and composed of multiple layers; And located on the cutting layer, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO It may include; a lubricating layer including at least one selected from the group consisting of).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer is (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3 <d <0.7, 0 <e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and contains at least one selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), wherein X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and A first cutting layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of CNO); (Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3<g <0.7 and 0<h <0.2, X is at least any one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO It may include; a third cutting layer including).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer may be formed by stacking the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer on the base material in this order.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer may be formed by stacking on the base material in the order of the third cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the first cutting layer.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer may have a structure formed of a plurality of layers in which the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer are repeatedly stacked.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating layer may have a thickness in a range of more than 0.8 μm to less than 4 μm.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer may have a total thickness in the range of 0.5 μm to less than 3.5 μm.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a continuous layer including one of the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer may have a thickness in the range of 10 nm to 500 nm.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer is first grown in the [200] direction, and (200) peaks and (111) peaks may appear in X-ray diffraction analysis.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer may have a hardness in the range of more than 25 GPa to 50 GPa.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer has a columnar crystal and a polycrystalline alternating stacked structure, and may include a phase mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating layer may have a surface roughness Ra in the range of 0.01 to 0.2.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing the multilayer coated cutting material includes: providing a base material including a carbide alloy, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high speed steel; Forming a cutting layer on the base material; And forming a lubricating layer on the cutting layer; wherein the lubricating layer includes, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a<0.7 and 0<b<0.2, X May include at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the step of forming the cutting layer and the step of forming the lubricating layer is performed using a physical vapor deposition method or a cathode arc deposition method, and the cutting layer is At least one of the steps of forming and forming the lubricating layer may be performed in an argon and nitrogen atmosphere, a gas pressure of 0.5 Pa to 6.0 Pa, a bias of -10V to -300V, a temperature of 350°C to 700°C, and a temperature of 50A to It can be done using an evaporation current of 200A.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutting layer is (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3 <d <0.7, 0 <e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and contains at least one selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), wherein X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and A first cutting layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of CNO); (Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3<g <0.7 and 0<h <0.2, X is at least any one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO It may include; a third cutting layer including).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer coated cutting material includes: a base material including a cemented carbide, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel; And a cutting layer positioned on the base material and composed of a multi-layer, wherein the cutting layer includes, (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3 <d <0.7, 0 <e <0.2, the M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y), and X is N, C , CN, NO, CO, and a first cutting layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of CNO); (Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3<g <0.7 and 0<h <0.2, X is at least any one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including) a third cutting layer; Including, the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer are disposed in the order of the base material, and the third cutting layer is It can provide a lubrication function.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as a cutting tool insert for machining comprising a multi-layer coated cutting material, the multi-layer coated cutting material includes a cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy of high-speed steel. The base material; A cutting layer located on the base material and composed of multiple layers; And located on the cutting layer, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO It may include; a lubricating layer including at least one selected from the group consisting of).

According to the technical idea of the present invention, the multilayer coated cutting material can provide excellent lubricity and wear resistance. Due to this lubricity, the heat conductivity of the alloy is low, such as difficult-to-cut materials, and high reactivity with the tool, so that high temperatures are generated during processing, and the occurrence of the built-up edge is easy due to the characteristics of the workpiece, such as difficult-to-cut materials and stainless steel. In the case of processing one product, it is possible to prevent the reduction of the roughness of the workpiece and damage to the tool due to welding. In addition, by having excellent lubricity, it is possible to increase welding resistance, thereby suppressing the occurrence of built-up edges during cutting, and to form a work piece having a fine roughness. In addition, due to the lubricity of the inclined surface, the flow of the chip becomes smooth, thereby providing an effect of reducing wear on the upper surface.

However, in the conventional case, the lubricating thin film has a limitation in that the tool life is reduced due to rapid wear. On the other hand, in the multilayer coating cutting material of the present invention, a wear-resistant hard layer under the lubricating layer is repeatedly laminated as a coating structure of (Ti, Al, Mo)N, (Ti, Al, Si)N, (Ti, Al)N. By including an alternating layer, the propagation of cracks is suppressed, and the difference in lattice constants and elastic modulus between these thin-walled alternating layers, the difference in the lamination period, etc. are controlled to improve the upper crater abrasion resistance above a certain level, the side notch crater abrasion resistance, and Flank wear resistance can be provided. Therefore, it is possible to provide an effect of extending the tool life.

The above-described effects of the present invention have been described by way of example, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these effects.

1 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing a multilayer coated cutting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a multilayer coated cutting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a schematic diagram showing a cutting tool insert for machining according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of a multilayer coated cutting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the technical idea of the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the following examples may be modified in various other forms, and The scope of the technical idea is not limited to the following examples. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more faithful and complete, and to completely convey the technical idea of the present invention to those skilled in the art. In the present specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. Furthermore, various elements and areas in the drawings are schematically drawn. Therefore, the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by the relative size or spacing drawn in the accompanying drawings.

The technical idea of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer coated cutting material and a cutting tool insert for machining having excellent lubricity and wear resistance.

1 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing a multilayer coated cutting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the multilayer coated cutting material 100 includes a base material 110, a cutting layer 120, and a lubricating layer 130.

The base material 110 may include a cemented carbide, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel.

The cutting layer 120 may be positioned on the base material 110 and may be configured in multiple layers. The cutting layer 120 may include a first cutting layer 121, a second cutting layer 122, and a third cutting layer 123.

The first cutting layer 121 may include (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X. Here, it may be 0.3<d<0.7 and 0<e<0.2. The M may include at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y). The material constituting M is exemplary, and may include at least one or more metal elements of group III, group IV, group V, or group VI in the periodic table. The X may include at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO.

The second cutting layer 122 may include (Ti _f Al _1-f )X. Here, it may be 0.4<f<0.7. The X may include at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO.

The third cutting layer 123 may include (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X. Here, it may be 0.3<g<0.7 and 0<h<0.2. The X may include at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO.

For example, the first cutting layer 121 includes (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )N, the second cutting layer 122 includes (Ti _f Al _1-f )N, and the third The cutting layer 123 may include (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )N.

The cutting layer 120 may be formed by stacking the first cutting layer 121, the second cutting layer 122, and the third cutting layer 123 on the base material 110 in this order. Specifically, the first cutting layer 121 is located on the base material 110, the second cutting layer 122 is located on the first cutting layer 121, and the third cutting layer is located on the second cutting layer 122 The layer 123 may be located. The lubricating layer 130 may be positioned on the third cutting layer 123.

The lubricating layer 130 may be located on the cutting layer 120. The lubricating layer 130 may provide a lubricating function to the multilayer coated cutting material 100 and may also provide a cutting function. The lubricating layer 130 may include titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and molybdenum (Mo), and may include, for example, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )N. Here, it may be 0.3<a<0.7 and 0<b<0.2.

When the lubricating layer 130 contains molybdenum, it is possible to reduce the processing load during machining and to smooth the flow of cutting chips to suppress the wear of the upper surface crater and the occurrence of built-up edges. This is because the lubricating layer 130 including molybdenum is oxidized during machining to change into a metal oxide, and the metal oxide acts as a solid lubricant phase, thereby optimizing the friction response to an elevated temperature. The phase formed by this oxidation reaction is referred to as a "magnelli phase".

In the oxidation reaction, as the content of molybdenum increases, the rate of change to the oxide film is fast and smooth. However, the oxide film containing molybdenum may be rapidly worn on the Magnelli phase, and the tool life may be shortened. Therefore, in order to extend the tool life, an appropriate molybdenum content and a lower layer performing a wear resistance function to compensate for the content may be required.

When the content of molybdenum in the lubricating layer 130 is 20% or less, an excellent balance can be achieved with respect to workability and lubricity, and when it exceeds 20%, mechanical processing is accelerated due to rapid wear of the lubricating layer 130. It can be ended. In addition, when the molybdenum content is less than 5%, the lubricating properties may be deteriorated. For the most excellent properties, the content of molybdenum is preferably in the range of 10% to 15%.

The lubricating layer 130 may have a thickness in the range of, for example, greater than 0.8 μm to less than 4 μm. For example, when the lubricating layer 130 has a thickness of 0.8 μm or less, the aforementioned lubricating function may be insignificant. When the lubricating layer 130 has a thickness of 4 μm or more, a wear phenomenon may increase. In addition, it is preferable that the lubricating layer 130 has a thickness in the range of 1 μm to 3 μm, for example.

Referring to FIG. 2, a case in which the arrangement order of the first to third cutting layers in the cutting layer is different is shown. The multilayer coated cutting material 100a includes a base material 110, a cutting layer 120a, and a lubricating layer 130. The cutting layer 120a may be formed by stacking the third cutting layer 123, the second cutting layer 122, and the first cutting layer 121 on the base material 110 in this order. Specifically, the third cutting layer 123 is located on the base material 110, the second cutting layer 122 is located on the third cutting layer 123, the first cutting on the second cutting layer 122 The layer 121 may be located. The lubricating layer 130 may be positioned on the first cutting layer 121.

In addition, the multilayer coated cutting material according to the technical idea of the present invention may have a structure in which a plurality of cutting layers are alternately repeated and stacked cutting layers.

Referring to FIG. 3, the multilayer coated cutting material 100b includes a base material 110, a cutting layer 120, and a lubricating layer 130. The cutting layer 120 may have a structure in which the first cutting layer 121, the second cutting layer 122, and the third cutting layer 123 are repeatedly stacked, for example, the base material 110 On the first cutting layer 121, the second cutting layer 122, the third cutting layer 123, the first cutting layer 121, the second cutting layer 122, and the third cutting layer 123 It may have a structure formed of a plurality of layers stacked repeatedly in the order of.

Referring to FIG. 4, the multilayer coated cutting material 100c includes a base material 110, a cutting layer 120a, and a lubricating layer 130. The cutting layer 120a may have a structure in which the third cutting layer 123, the second cutting layer 122, and the first cutting layer 121 are repeatedly stacked, for example, the base material 110 On the third cutting layer 123, the second cutting layer 122, the first cutting layer 121, the third cutting layer 123, the second cutting layer 122, and the first cutting layer 121 It may have a structure formed of a plurality of layers stacked repeatedly in the order of.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, three layers constituting the cutting layer 120 are alternately formed, so that a difference in lattice constants, a difference in elastic modulus, and a stacking period can be controlled. Accordingly, the cutting layer 120 can obtain improved crater wear resistance and flank wear resistance to a certain level or more, and improve tool life. The thickness of the cutting layer 120 required for this may have a total thickness ranging from 0.5 μm to less than 3.5 μm, for example. For example, when the thickness of the cutting layer 120 is 0.5 μm or more, a significant improvement in life can be obtained. However, when the thickness of the cutting layer 120 is less than 0.5 μm, it is difficult for the cutting layer 120 to exhibit characteristics as a thin film, and the lifespan improvement effect may be insignificant. In addition, if the cutting layer 120 is not formed as an alternating layer of a certain level, it is difficult to have a stress generated while forming by physical vapor deposition. When the cutting layer 120 is, for example, 3.5 μm or more, spontaneous peeling of the thin film may occur due to excessive stress.

In addition, a continuous layer in which the cutting layer 120 includes one of the first cutting layer 121, the second cutting layer 122, and the third cutting layer 123, respectively, is, for example, 10 nm to 500 nm. It can have a range of thicknesses. The continuous layer may be repeated 10 or more times to constitute the cutting layer 120, and for example, may be repeated in the range of 1 or more to 20 times.

In addition, when the cutting layer 120 is formed by successively stacking only two layers of the first cutting layer 121 and the second cutting layer 122 and the third cutting layer 123, the adhesion between the layers This weakens, and spontaneous flaking may occur. Accordingly, a stable stacked structure can be implemented by using a gradual change effect using an intermediate layer having an intermediate composition of the layers.

The cutting layer 120 first grows in the [200] direction, and (200) peaks and (111) peaks may appear in X-ray diffraction analysis. The ratio of the (200) peak and the (111) peak in X-ray diffraction analysis may range from 3 to 10.

The cutting layer 120 may have a hardness in the range of, for example, greater than 25 GPa to 50 GPa, and may have a hardness in the range of, for example, 30 GPa to 50 GPa.

The cutting layer 120 may have a columnar crystal and a polycrystalline alternating stacked structure. The cutting layer 120 may include a phase mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases.

The lubricating layer 130 may have a surface roughness Ra in the range of 0.01 to 0.2.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer coated cutting material may include a base material including a carbide alloy, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel; And a cutting layer positioned on the base material and composed of a multi-layer, wherein the cutting layer includes, (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3 <d <0.7, 0 <e <0.2, the M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y), and X is N, C , CN, NO, CO, and a first cutting layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of CNO); (Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3<g <0.7 and 0<h <0.2, X is at least any one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including) a third cutting layer; Including, the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer are disposed in the order of the base material, and the third cutting layer is It can provide a lubrication function. In this case, the third cutting layer may perform the function of the lubricating layer and at the same time perform the cutting function.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a method (S100) of manufacturing a multilayer coated cutting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 5, the manufacturing method (S100) of the multi-layer coated cutting material, the step of providing a base material (S110); Forming a cutting layer on the base material (S120); And forming a lubricating layer on the cutting layer (S130).

The lubricating layer is (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO in the group consisting of Including at least one selected) may be included.

The cutting layer is (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3 <d <0.7, 0 <e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), Tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y) contains at least any one selected from the group consisting of, wherein X is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including) a first cutting layer comprising; (Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3<g <0.7 and 0<h <0.2, X is at least any one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO It may include; a third cutting layer including).

At least one of forming the cutting layer (S120) and forming the lubricating layer (S130) may be performed using a physical vapor deposition method or a cathode arc deposition method.

At least one of the step of forming the cutting layer (S120) and the step of forming the lubricating layer (S130), in an argon and nitrogen atmosphere, a gas pressure of 0.5 Pa to 6.0 Pa, a bias of -10V to -300V, It can be carried out using a temperature of 350°C to 700°C, and an evaporation current of 50A to 200A. The alloy constituting the above-described cutting layer and the lubricating layer may be formed by cathodic arc evaporation.

6 is a schematic diagram showing a cutting tool insert 200 for machining according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, a cutting tool insert 200 for machining includes a multilayer coated cutting material 100.

The multi-layer coating cutting material 100, as described above, the base material; A cutting layer located on the base material and composed of multiple layers; And a lubricating layer located on the cutting layer. The lubricating layer is (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO in the group consisting of Including at least one selected) may be included.

The cutting layer is (Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3 <d <0.7, 0 <e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), Tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y) contains at least any one selected from the group consisting of, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including), the first cutting layer; (Ti _f Al _1-f )X (wherein, 0.4<f<0.7, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) containing at least one selected from the group consisting of, 2 cutting layers; And (Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3<g <0.7 and 0<h <0.2, X is at least any one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO It may include; a third cutting layer including).

Experimental example

Hereinafter, a preferred experimental example is presented to aid in the understanding of the present invention. However, the following experimental examples are only intended to aid understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the following experimental examples.

Fabrication of inserts coated with multi-layered cutting material

A multilayer coated cutting material having the composition of Table 1 was formed on the insert.

Table 1 shows the composition of the multilayer coated cutting material formed on the inserts of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.

division Cutting layer Cutting layer
Total thickness
(μm) Lubrication layer Lubrication layer
thickness
(μm) First cutting layer 2nd cutting layer 3rd cutting layer Comparative Example 1 TiAlN (50:50) 3.3 - - Comparative Example 2 TiAlSiN (35:60:5) 3.0 - - Example 1 TiAlSiN
(30:60:10) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 2.3 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 1.2 Example 2 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 1.0 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 1.0 Example 3 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:50:20) 2.0 TiAlMoN
(30:50:20) 1.5 Example 4 TiAlSiN
(35:55:10) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 2.5 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 2.4 Example 5 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 3.0 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 1.5 Comparative Example 3 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(25:50: 25 ) 2.2 TiAlMoN
(25:50: 25 ) 1.1 Comparative Example 4 TiAlSiN
(35:55:10) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 3.5 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 1.0 Comparative Example 5 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 2.4 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 0.3 Comparative Example 6 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(35:60:5) 1.8 TiAlMoN
(35:60:5) 0.8 Comparative Example 7 TiAlSiN
(35:60:5) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 1.1 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 4.0 Comparative Example 8 TiAlSiN
(35:55:10) TiAlN
(50:50) TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 6.4 TiAlMoN
(30:60:10) 0.4

In Table 1, the composition content represents the atomic% (at%) of each component when the total of the remaining components excluding nitrogen (N), which is a non-metallic component, is set to 100. For example, TiAlSiN of Example 1 is represented to contain 30 at% of Ti, 60 at% of Al, and 10 at% of Si. Note that nitrogen (N) is not indicated.

A multilayer coated cutting layer including a cutting layer and a lubricating layer is formed on the insert as the base material by using an arc ion plating method, which is one of physical vapor deposition (PVD).

The base material is a cemented carbide (88 wt% WC + 12 wt% Co), and product number APKT160408PDTR was used. Before forming the multilayer coating cutting layers, to remove foreign substances from the surface of the base material and improve the adhesion of the thin film, dry and wet blasting is performed to make the surface smooth, and then chemical cleaning of the surface is performed to remove foreign substances from the surface of the base material and improve the adhesion of the thin film. The adhesion was maximized.

Thereafter, the base material was charged into the chamber, and ion bombardment treatment was performed in an argon gas atmosphere to further clean the surface of the base material.

Thereafter, a multilayer coated cutting layer was formed by using an arc target made of TiAlMo, AlTi, AlTiSi, etc. using an arc ion plating method. In the formation of the multilayer coating cutting layer, the initial vacuum pressure was 5.0×10 ⁻² Pa or less, the reaction gas was _{injected with N 2} to form a gas atmosphere, and the deposition temperature was set in the range of 450 to 600°C. When forming the layer, an arc current of 100 ~ 200A is applied to the main target, and a DC bias voltage of -30 ~ -150V is applied to increase the adhesion with the base material. The average thickness of each layer included in the multilayer coating cutting layer can be controlled by changing the cathode arc current and the rotational speed of the equipment (0.1 ~ 5 rpm). The overall thickness of the multilayer coated cutting layer was formed in various ways, and the thickness of each layer was formed to a thickness capable of performing a certain function.

After the multilayer coating cutting layer was formed, surface treatment was performed. The surface treatment may be performed using a wet or dry blasting or polishing machine. In some cases, the surface treatment can be performed by using a method that is a mixture of several methods. In this experimental example, wet blasting treatment was performed as the surface treatment. _{When performing the wet blasting treatment, alumina (Al 2} O ₃ ) having a size in the range of 10 μm to 400 μm and an addable abrasive were used as the material of the blasting particles. In addition, by applying a pressure in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 Bar, droplets and protrusions on the edge surface were removed to complete the surface treatment.

When the residual stress of the multi-layered cutting layer is high, edge flaking may be peeled off at the edge portion of the insert, so it is necessary to check the state of the edge portion in order to prevent this.

For the multilayer coated cutting layer, X-ray diffraction measurement was performed using an X-ray diffraction apparatus Empyrean manufactured by Panalytical. The X-ray diffraction measurement was performed using CuKα-radiation, at point focus with 40Kv and 40Ma, and was performed over a range of 20 degrees to 90 degrees with a step size of 0.065.

7 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of a multilayer coated cutting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, the multilayer coated cutting material has a peak corresponding to the tungsten carbide (WC) of the base material. In addition, (200) peak and (111) peak are shown. It can be seen that the peak strength of the (200) plane of the multilayer coated cutting layer was the highest, and thus the cutting layer first grew in the [200] direction. In addition, the ratio of the (200) peak and the (111) peak may be 3 or more, for example, in the range of 3 to 10. The multilayer coated cutting layers may have an alternating stacked structure, and the multilayer coated cutting layers may include a phase mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases.

In addition, the hardness of the multilayer coated cutting layer was measured by a nano-indentation method using an NHT3 Nano-indentor (Anton Paar). The multilayer coated cutting layer may have a hardness in the range of 25 GPa to 50 GPa, and thus, a desired level of wear resistance may be secured. The multilayer coated cutting layer may have a microhardness of more than 30 GPa.

As a result of confirming the growth direction of the layer through scanning electron microscopy analysis, it can be seen that the cutting layer has a columnar structure and has grown including a phase mixture in which a cubic crystal and a hexagonal phase are mixed. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the cutting layer 120 has a columnar crystal and a polycrystalline alternating stacked structure.

Life measurement of inserts coated with multi-layered cutting material

1st test: life measurement

Examples and comparative examples of the insert coated with the above-described multi-layer coated cutting material were tested under the following conditions, and a first test was performed to measure the life in Inconel718.

(1) Shape: APKT160408PDTR

(2) Field of application: MCT machining, general processing

(3) Work material: SUS304

(4) Cutting speed: 145 m/min

(5) Feed rate: 0.27 mm/rev

(6) Depth of cut (a _p ): 1.5 mm

(7) Depth of cut (a _e ): 10 mm

(8) Coolant: Water-soluble external lubrication (6%)

(9) Life judgment criteria: flank wear (V _b )> 300 μm or notch wear (V _n )> 450 μm

2nd test: life measurement

Examples and comparative examples of the insert coated with the above-described multi-layer coated cutting material were tested under the following conditions, and a secondary test was performed to measure the life in Inconel718.

(1) Shape: APKT160408PDTR

(2) Field of application: MCT machining, general processing

(3) Work material: Martensitic stainless steel

(4) Cutting speed: 90 m/min

(5) Feed rate: 0.4 mm/rev

(6) Depth of cut (a _p ): 1 mm

(7) Depth of cut (a _e ): 2 mm

(8) Coolant: Water-soluble external lubrication (6%)

(9) Life judgment criteria: flank wear (V _b )> 300 μm or notch wear (V _n )> 450 μm

Table 2 shows the lifespan, surface roughness, and whether or not built-up edges have occurred in the first and second tests for Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.

division 1st test
Measurement life
(minute) 1st test
Surface roughness
(Ra) 2nd test
Measurement life
(minute) 2nd test
Surface roughness
(Ra) Measurement life
total
(minute) Construction edge
Occurrence Comparative Example 1 16 2.299 8 1.692 24 Occur Comparative Example 2 20 1.854 7 1.714 27 Occur Example 1 30 0.661 13.5 0.403 33.5 Not occurring Example 2 14 1.097 11 0.882 25 Not occurring Example 3 26 0.743 12 0.637 38 Not occurring Example 4 17.5 0.888 10 0.625 27.5 Not occurring Example 5 21 1.410 13.5 0.918 34.5 Not occurring Comparative Example 3 12 1.433 7 1.096 19 Not occurring Comparative Example 4 29 0.963 16 1.345 45 Local outbreak Comparative Example 5 10 2.296 2.5 1.403 12.5 Local outbreak Comparative Example 6 8 1.789 9 2.587 17 Local outbreak Comparative Example 7 14 3.184 6 1.616 20 Not occurring Comparative Example 8 18 2.181 5 4.832 23 Occur

Referring to Table 2, in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the cutting layer is composed of a single layer and there is no lubricating layer. The cutting layer is composed of TiAlN or TiAlSiN. In Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, built-up edge occurred.

Examples 1 to 5 are the case where the cutting layer has a total thickness in the range of 0.5 μm to less than 3.5 μm, the lubricating layer has a thickness in the range of more than 0.8 μm to less than 4 μm, and the third cutting layer and This is the case where the content of molybdenum in the lubricating layer is 20% or less. In Examples 1 to 5, the measurement life was the same level or increased as compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and no built-up edge occurred.

Comparative Example 3 was a case where the content of molybdenum in the third cutting layer and the lubricating layer was 25%, and no built-up edge occurred, but compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the total measurement life and measurement life of the first test were Decreased. Therefore, the content of molybdenum in the third cutting layer and the lubricating layer is preferably 20% or less.

In Comparative Example 4, when the total thickness of the cutting layer was 3.5 μm, the measurement life was increased compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, but the built-up edge occurred locally. Therefore, from the results of Comparative Example 4, it is preferable that the total thickness of the cutting layer is less than 3.5 μm.

Comparative Example 5 is a case in which the thickness of the lubricating layer is 0.3 μm, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the measurement life of the first test, the measurement life of the second test, and the total measurement life were reduced, and the built-up edge was locally generated. .

In Comparative Example 6, the thickness of the lubricating layer was 0.8 μm, and compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the measurement life of the first test and the total measurement life were decreased, and the built-up edge was locally generated. Therefore, from the results of Comparative Examples 5 and 6, it is preferable that the thickness of the lubricating layer is more than 0.8 μm.

Comparative Example 7 was a case in which the thickness of the lubricating layer was 4.0 μm, and no built-up edge occurred, but compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the measurement life of the first test, the measurement life of the second test, and the total measurement life were reduced. Therefore, from the results of Comparative Example 7, it is preferable that the thickness of the lubricating layer is less than 4 μm.

In Comparative Example 8, when the total thickness of the cutting layer was 6.4 μm and the thickness of the lubricating layer was 0.4 μm, a built-up edge was generated, and compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the total measurement life and measurement life of the secondary test Was reduced.

Analyzing the results of the first test surface roughness and the second test surface roughness, the surface roughness of the examples was significantly reduced compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and overall decreased compared to Comparative Examples 3 to 8. Showed a tendency to become.

For Example 1 and Comparative Examples selected in the first and second tests described above, the life of the Inconel718 was measured by changing the shape and the work piece.

3rd test: life measurement

(1) Shape: ENMX0604-ST

(2) Field of application: MCT machining, general processing

(3) Work piece: Inconel 718

(4) Cutting speed: 45 m/min

(5) Feed rate: 0.5 mm/rev

(6) Depth of cut (a _p ): 0.8 mm

(7) Depth of cut (a _e ): 13 mm

(8) Coolant: Water-soluble external lubrication (6%)

(9) Life judgment criteria: flank wear (V _b )> 300 μm or notch wear (V _n )> 450 μm

4th test: life measurement

(1) Shape: ENMX0604-ST

(2) Field of application: MCT machining, general processing

(3) Work material: SUS304

(4) Cutting speed: 150 m/min

(5) Feed rate: 0.9 mm/rev

(6) Depth of cut (a _p ): 0.8 mm

(7) Depth of cut (a _e ): 30 mm

(8) Coolant: dry processing

(9) Life judgment criteria: flank wear (V _b )> 300 μm or notch wear (V _n )> 450 μm

Table 3 shows the tool life measured in the third and fourth tests for Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.

3rd test
Measurement life
(minute) 3rd test
Surface roughness
(Ra) 4th test
Measurement life
(minute) 4th test
Surface roughness
(Ra) Example 1 30 0.661 35 0.403 Comparative Example 1 18 1.696 10 1.096 Comparative Example 2 24 1.433 15 0.782

Referring to Table 3, compared to the comparative examples, Example 1 showed a longer life (cutting possible time) and a smaller surface roughness.

As described above, in the case of using the insert to which the multi-layer coated cutting material according to the present invention is applied, it can be confirmed that lubricity and wear resistance are improved in processing difficult-to-cut materials such as stainless steel and heat-resistant alloy, and thus tool life is increased. , It can be seen that the lubrication effect is also sufficiently effective.

The technical idea of the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and that various substitutions, modifications and changes are possible within the scope not departing from the technical idea of the present invention, the technical idea of the present invention It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art to which this belongs.

Claims (17)

A base material including a cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel;
A cutting layer located on the base material and composed of multiple layers; And
Located on the cutting layer, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is composed of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including; a lubricating layer comprising at least any one selected from the group),
The cutting layer,
(Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3< d <0.7, 0< e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), Zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y) includes at least one selected from the group consisting of, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) A first cutting layer comprising;
(Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And
(Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3< g <0.7 and 0< h <0.2, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Containing) a third cutting layer containing; containing,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. delete The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer is configured by stacking the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer on the base material in order,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer is configured by stacking on the base material in the order of the third cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the first cutting layer,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer has a structure formed of a plurality of layers in which the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer are repeatedly stacked,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The lubricating layer has a thickness in the range of greater than 0.8 μm to less than 4 μm,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer has a total thickness in the range of 0.5 μm to less than 3.5 μm,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the continuous layer including one of the third cutting layers each has a thickness in the range of 10 nm to 500 nm,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer first grows in the [200] direction, and (200) peaks and (111) peaks appear in X-ray diffraction analysis,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer has a hardness in the range of more than 25 GPa to 50 GPa,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The cutting layer has a columnar crystal and a polycrystalline alternating stacked structure, and includes a phase mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. The method of claim 1,
The lubricating layer has a surface roughness (Ra) in the range of 0.01 to 0.2,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. Providing a base material including a cemented carbide, a cermet, a ceramic, a cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel;
Forming a cutting layer on the base material; And
Including; forming a lubricating layer on the cutting layer,
The lubricating layer is (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO in the group consisting of Including at least any one selected),
The cutting layer,
(Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3< d <0.7, 0< e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), Zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y) includes at least one selected from the group consisting of, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) A first cutting layer comprising;
(Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And
(Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3< g <0.7 and 0< h <0.2, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Containing) a third cutting layer containing; containing,
Manufacturing method of multi-layer coated cutting material. The method of claim 13,
At least one of the step of forming the cutting layer and the step of forming the lubricating layer is performed using a physical vapor deposition method or a cathode arc deposition method,
At least one of the step of forming the cutting layer and the step of forming the lubricating layer may be performed in an argon and nitrogen atmosphere, a gas pressure of 0.5 Pa to 6.0 Pa, a bias of -10V to -300V, a temperature of 350°C to 700°C , And is carried out using an evaporation current of 50A ~ 200A,
Manufacturing method of multi-layer coated cutting material. delete A base material including a cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel; And
Includes; a cutting layer located on the base material and consisting of a multi-layer,
The cutting layer,
(Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3< d <0.7, 0< e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), Zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y) includes at least one selected from the group consisting of, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) A first cutting layer comprising;
(Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And
(Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3< g <0.7 and 0< h <0.2, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including) a third cutting layer comprising; Including,
It is disposed on the base material in the order of the first cutting layer, the second cutting layer, and the third cutting layer,
The third cutting layer provides a lubricating function,
Multi-layer sheath cutting material. A cutting tool insert for machining comprising a multi-layer coated cutting material,
The multilayer coated cutting material,
A base material including a cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride-based material, or a hard alloy body of high-speed steel;
A cutting layer located on the base material and composed of multiple layers; And
Located on the cutting layer, (Ti _1-ab Al _a Mo _b )X (here, 0.3<a <0.7 and 0<b <0.2, X is composed of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Including; a lubricating layer comprising at least any one selected from the group),
The cutting layer,
(Ti _1-de Al _d M _e )X (here, 0.3< d <0.7, 0< e <0.2, wherein M is silicon (Si), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), Zirconium (Zr), and yttrium (Y) includes at least one selected from the group consisting of, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) A first cutting layer comprising;
(Ti _f Al _1-f )X (here, 0.4<f<0.7, wherein X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) 2 cutting layers; And
(Ti _1-gh Al _g Mo _h )X (here, 0.3< g <0.7 and 0< h <0.2, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO Containing) a third cutting layer containing; containing,
Cutting tool inserts for machining.

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