KR102220903B1 - 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체, 그 제조방법, 이로부터 형성된 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 함유한 리튬이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체, 그 제조방법, 이로부터 형성된 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 함유한 리튬이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102220903B1 KR102220903B1 KR1020170165237A KR20170165237A KR102220903B1 KR 102220903 B1 KR102220903 B1 KR 102220903B1 KR 1020170165237 A KR1020170165237 A KR 1020170165237A KR 20170165237 A KR20170165237 A KR 20170165237A KR 102220903 B1 KR102220903 B1 KR 102220903B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- active material
- based active
- material precursor
- secondary battery
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 423
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015150 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910017071 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016739 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017069 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium chloro(dioxido)borane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])Cl PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002107 nanodisc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004621 scanning probe microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
Description
도 1b는 플레이트 입자의 형상을 나타낸 모식도이다.
도 1c는 일구현예에 따른 니켈계 활물질 이차 입자에서 방사형의 정의를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.
도 2는 일구현예에 따른 리튬이차전지의 구조를 개략적으로 나타낸 것이다.
구 분 | 코어의 직경 (㎛) |
쉘의 직경 (㎛) |
쉘의 두께 (㎛) |
쉘의 비율 (부피%) |
코어의 비율 (부피%) |
제조예 4 | 4.5 | 12 | 3.8 | 94.7 | 5.3 |
5.0 | 12 | 3.5 | 92.8 | 7.2 | |
5.7 | 12 | 3.2 | 89.3 | 10.7 | |
6.0 | 12 | 3.0 | 87.5 | 12.5 | |
6.3 | 12 | 2.9 | 85.5 | 14.5 | |
7.0 | 12 | 2.5 | 80.2 | 19.8 |
구 분 | 코어의 직경 (㎛) |
쉘의 직경 (㎛) |
쉘의 두께 (㎛) |
쉘의 비율 (부피%) | 코어의 비율 (부피%) |
비교제조예 2 |
2.0 | 12 | 5.0 | 99.5 | 0.5 |
3.0 | 12 | 4.5 | 98.4 | 1.6 | |
3.5 | 12 | 4.3 | 97.5 | 2.5 | |
4.0 | 12 | 4.0 | 96.3 | 3.7 |
구분 | Ni | Co | Mn |
제조예 1 | 0.610 | 0.195 | 0.195 |
비교제조예 1 | 0.607 | 0.197 | 0.196 |
구 분 | 실시예 1 | 비교예 1 |
비표면적 (m2/g) | 5.65 | 2.43 |
단위 | 비교예 1 | 실시예 1 |
a (Å) |
3.042 | 3.044 |
c (Å) |
4.580 | 4.608 |
c/a | 1.506 | 1.514 |
구분 | 초기 충방전 효율 (%) |
제작예 1 | 95.2 |
제작예 2 | 94.3 |
비교제작예 1 | 90.5 |
구 분 | 율속 성능 (@0.2C/0.1C) |
율속 성능 (@1.0C/0.1C) |
제작예 1 | 99.0 | 93.9 |
비교제작예 1 | 98.2 182.1 |
90.5 |
구분 | 수명 (%) |
제작예 1 | 98.9 |
제작예 2 | 99.5 |
비교제작예 1 | 98.3 |
구 분 | 코어의 직경 (㎛) |
쉘의 직경 (㎛) |
쉘의 두께 (㎛) |
쉘의 비율 (부피%) | 코어의 비율 (부피%) | 리튬의 확산 최대거리 (㎛) |
제조예 4 | 4.5 | 12 | 3.8 | 94.7 | 5.3 | 3.8 |
5.0 | 12 | 3.5 | 92.8 | 7.2 | 3.5 | |
5.7 | 12 | 3.2 | 89.3 | 10.7 | 3.2 | |
6.0 | 12 | 3.0 | 87.5 | 12.5 | 3.0 | |
6.3 | 12 | 2,9 | 85.5 | 14.5 | 2.9 | |
7.0 | 12 | 2.5 | 80.2 | 19.8 | 2.5 | |
비교제조예 2 2 |
2.0 | 12 | 5.0 | 99.5 | 0.5 | 5.1 |
3.0 | 12 | 4.5 | 98.4 | 1.6 | 4.5 | |
3.5 | 12 | 4.3 | 97.5 | 2.5 | 4.3 | |
4.0 | 12 | 4.0 | 96.3 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
구분 | 영역 | 기공도(%) |
제조예 1 | 다공성 코어 | 29.93 |
쉘 | 4.52 | |
제조예 3 | 다공성 코어 | 15 |
쉘 | 3 | |
비교제조예 1 | 코어 | 1.56 |
쉘 | 3.25 |
23.. 양극 24.. 세퍼레이터
25.. 전지 케이스 26.. 캡 어셈블리
Claims (14)
- 다공성 코어(core) 및 상기 다공성 코어에 비하여 밀도가 높은 방사형 배열 구조를 함유하는 쉘(shell)을 포함하는 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체이며,
상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체의 사이즈는 9 내지 14㎛이고,
상기 다공성 코어는 전구체 총부피를 기준으로 하여 5 내지 20 부피%이며, 상기 다공성 코어의 기공도는 15 내지 30%인 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체에서 리튬 확산 최대거리는 5㎛ 이하인 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 쉘의 기공도는 2 내지 5%인 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체는 플레이트 입자(plate particle)를 포함하며,
상기 플레이트 입자의 장축이 방사형 방향으로 배열된 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체는 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물인 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체:
[화학식 1]
Ni1-x-y-zCoxMnyMz(OH)2
화학식 1 중, M은 보론(B), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼슘(Ca), 스트론튬(Sr), 바륨(Ba), 티타늄(Ti), 바나듐(V), 텅스텐(W), 크롬(Cr), 철(Fe), 구리(Cu), 지르코늄 (Zr) 및 알루미늄(Al)으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 원소이고,
x≤(1-x-y-z), y≤(1-x-y-z), z≤(1-x-y-z), 0<x<1, 0≤y<1, 0≤z<1이다. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체에서 니켈의 함량은 전이금속 (Ni,Co,Mn)의 총함량을 기준으로 하여 1/3 내지 0.95몰%이고, 망간의 함량 및 코발트의 함량에 비하여 높은 함량인 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체는 Ni0 . 6Co0 . 2Mn0 .2(OH)2, Ni0 . 5Co0 . 2Mn0 .3(OH)2, Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2, Ni0 . 8Co0 . 1Mn0 .1(OH)2, 또는 Ni0 . 85Co0 . 1Al0 .05(OH)2인 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체. - 착화제, pH 조절제 및 니켈계 활물질 전구체 형성용 금속 원료의 혼합물의 반응을 실시하여 다공성 코어를 형성하는 제1단계; 및
상기 제1단계에 따라 얻은 다공성 코어 상부에 상기 다공성 코어에 비하여 밀도가 높은 방사형 배열 구조를 갖는 쉘을 형성하는 제2단계를 포함하는 제1항의 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체를 제조하는 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체의 제조방법. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 2단계에서 상기 제2단계에서 니켈계 활물질 전구체 형성용 금속 원료 및 착화제의 공급속도가 제1단계에 비하여 감소되는 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체의 제조방법. - 제1항, 제2항, 제4항 내지 제8항 중 어느 항의 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체로부터 얻어진 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질.
- 제11항의 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질을 포함하는 양극, 음극 및 이들 사이에 개재된 전해질을 포함하는 리튬이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 니켈계 활물질 전구체에서 코어의 기공 사이즈는 150nm 내지 1㎛이고, 쉘의 기공 사이즈는 50nm 내지 148nm인 니켈계 활물질 전구체.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 니켈계 활물질의 표면에 노출된 기공은 내부 중심 방향을 향하며, 표면쪽에서 바라보았을 때 기공의 사이즈는 150nm 미만이며, 내부의 기공도는 2 내지 20%이고, 외부의 닫힌 기공도(closed porosity)는 0.1 내지 2%인 니켈계 활물질.
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