KR102102294B1 - Display Panel and Method of Driving the Same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate, and a partition wall defining a unit pixel area formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. Each of the unit pixel areas includes a plurality of first particles representing a first color dispersed in a fluid, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, and a plurality of third particles and a third color representing a third color. It includes a plurality of fourth particles exhibiting a color of 4, and each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the positive and negative charges The charge amount is different from each other, and the plurality of first particles, the second particles, the third particles, and the fourth particles are arranged vertically and horizontally at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode. It relates to the implementation of the full color of the four colors, characterized in that to implement the transmission mode is the variable display made possible by the composite material structure panels, and a reflection mode, the shielding mode and transmissive mode driving method thereof that can convert.

Description

Structure of display panel and driving method thereof {Display Panel and Method of Driving the Same}

The present invention is a display panel made of a composite material capable of selectively reflecting, shielding and transmitting light from the outside and controlling various colors by using the structure of the particles and the electrical behavior characteristics according to the electric charge of the particles. It relates to a driving method.

1A and 1B are cross-sectional views each showing a display panel structure that implements a shielding mode (a) and a transmission mode (b) of a conventional variable transmittance display.

A typical example in which a conventional transmittance variable display panel is applied is, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, at least two or more electrodes 104 and 106 are patterned asymmetrically on the lower substrate 100 of the upper 105 to apply an electric field. It has a panel structure in which ink in which fine particles 103 having positive or negative charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid 102 inside a unit cell or sub-cell is filled.

When the electric field is generated by the voltage applied from the outside to the two electrodes 104 and 106 in the unit pixel or subcell of FIGS. 1A and 1B, the direction in which a voltage opposite to the polarity of the charge of the particles 103 is applied is applied. It shows the electrophoretic characteristics of moving. At this time, when the particles 103 are positioned on the upper electrode 104 having a relatively large area, the light 107 is incident on the light 107 is absorbed by the particles 103, as shown in Figure 1 (a) When the shielding (absorption) and the particles 103 are positioned as the electrode 106 patterned with a relatively narrow area, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), light incident from the outside is transmitted except for the region where the particles 103 are concentrated. Becomes

The panel structure of FIGS. 1A and 1B is capable of displaying simple information when selectively controlling on / off of the subcells, but the difference in contrast ratio between the shielding state and the transmitting state is not large and the gradation range is not wide. There are restrictions.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views showing a panel structure of a display capable of a conventional shielding mode / reflecting mode / transmissive mode.

2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D pattern at least three or more electrodes 204, 206 within a unit pixel or subcell and display opposite and oppositely charged colors dispersed in a transparent fluid 202. It is a diagram showing the structure and driving method of a panel capable of performing all of the shielding mode / reflecting mode / transmissive mode function by using the particles 203 and 208 having.

In order to perform the shielding mode or the absorption mode, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), particles 203 serving to absorb and block the light 207 incident from the outside are positioned as the upper electrode 204 to shield the mode. It performs the function of absorption mode. If the direction of the electric field applied in FIG. 2 (a) is changed, particles 208 having opposite charges are positioned as the upper electrode 204. At this time, the light 207 incident from the outside of the particles 208 As shown in Fig. 2 (b), by absorbing and reflecting visible light of a specific wavelength according to the color on the surface, the function of the reflection mode is performed in a manner that indicates the color by the color of the particles 208.

In addition, referring to FIG. 2D, particles 203 and 208 that do not have particles 208 positioned on the upper substrate 205 and exhibit opposite charges only on the two patterned electrodes 206 of the lower substrate 200. ) Are positioned, respectively, as shown in FIG. 2 (d), light is transmitted to regions other than the two electrodes 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200 to perform a transmission mode function. However, in order to implement the transmission mode, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), two types of particles having different polarities are positioned as the upper electrode 204 and sequentially moved to the two electrodes 206 of the lower substrate 200. This requires a lot of time to update the image or information, and requires a very complicated driving method.

In addition, according to FIGS. 2C and 2D, when the transmission mode is performed, the transmittance is relatively decreased as the area occupied by the electrode 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200 is larger than the panel structure shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. Has a problem.

In the conventional techniques shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in order to set the width of variable transmittance to be wide and to improve the transmittance, the width of the patterned electrode must be narrowed. As the width of the electrode decreases, the driving voltage increases as the resistance increases. It has a problem that a lot of restrictions are caused in patterning the electrode due to heating, short circuit of the electrode and heat generation according to the increased applied voltage.

3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are cross-sectional views showing a structure of a conventional display panel that implements a shielding mode / reflecting mode / transmissive mode using dielectric mobility of particles and fluids.

3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are diagrams showing a structure and a driving method of a display panel using a dielectrophoresis phenomenon in which the strength of the electric field is dragged in a direction in which the electric field is strong when the dipole is placed in a non-uniform electric field. To solve the problems of the techniques shown in is one of the techniques proposed in the prior art.

The display panel according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D uses negatively charged electric charges in at least one kind of particles, and particles having contrasting colors, indicating a difference in dielectric constant from the particles It is dispersed in a transparent fluid and has a panel structure filled with unit pixels or subcells. In this case, the structure of the electrodes in the unit pixels to the subcells does not need to be asymmetrically patterning the two electrodes of the upper and lower substrates in the unit pixels to the subcells, unlike the electrode structures in FIG. 2.

In the technique shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D, particles 303 and 308 that are charged when a sufficient voltage (threshold voltage) for electrophoresis of particles are applied from the outside to form an electric field are shown. As shown in 3a and 3b, the polarity of the particles and the voltage of the opposite sign are moved to the upper 304 to the lower electrode 306 to which the voltage is applied. At this time, the shielding mode depends on the color of the particles located on the upper electrode 304. (Or absorption mode) and reflection mode.

That is, the shielding mode absorbs or reflects the light 307 incident from the outside without passing through it (309) to perform the shielding mode function, and the reflecting mode absorbs and reflects the visible wavelength band of a specific region according to the color of the particles. It functions as a reflection mode. If a high voltage greater than a threshold voltage at which particles can electrophorize is applied at high frequencies, the particles move irregularly due to the dielectric phenomena caused by the non-uniform electric field, gradually located at the edge of a unit pixel to a subcell, and a unit pixel to Light incident from the outside is transmitted through an area other than the area where the particles are aggregated in the subcell to perform the function of the transmission mode. However, particles with large dielectric constants or transparent fluids used to maximize dielectric phenomena and high voltage and high frequency applied to the panel cause a large amount of current consumed by the panel when driving, and the lifespan due to friction and impact between particles decreases. It has accelerated problems.

In addition, in order to perform the shielding mode and the reflection mode function again for the particles located at the edge of the unit pixel or the subcell by the high voltage high frequency, the process of aging the particles with a driving voltage higher than the threshold voltage and electrically dispersing them in the fluid again. This necessitates a problem of reliability and reproducibility of the electro / optical properties, along with a decrease in the lifetime of the particles.

In addition, due to the driving characteristics that need to be applied in combination with the difference between the applied voltage and the low frequency and high frequency, it takes a relatively long time to update the image or information according to the complicated driving method, and not only in the panel but also in a driving unit such as a driving board. It has a problem of increasing power consumption.

In addition, since a high-performance driving chip is required to generate and control a complex driving waveform as shown in FIG. 3D, manufacturing cost increases.

3E is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a transparent display panel capable of varying transmittance using the electrorheological properties of particles.

Referring to FIG. 3E, when the electric field is generated, the particles 302 show a transmission mode by chain formation due to an electric polarization phenomenon.

The property of electrorheology is due to the electrical polarization of particles with or without charge. When an electric field is generated by applying a voltage between two electrodes, the positively charged protons are aligned in the negative electrode direction, and the negatively charged electrons are aligned in the opposite electrode direction to have electrical polarity. This phenomenon is called polarization. When the electric field is formed, a material having a large degree of polarization has a large number of polarized particles in the electrorheological fluid as shown in FIG. 3E and the particles have a spherical shape. First, at the moment of generating an electric field, positive charges are arranged above the particles and negative charges are arranged below the particles. At this time, the two different particles show completely different movements depending on the approaching angle. If one particle approaches the bottom of the other particle and is arranged close to the perpendicular to the direction of the dipole, the anode of the particle meets the cathode of the other particle and has attraction to attract each other. Conversely, when one particle is arranged next to the other particle, the negative electrode of the lower side is placed next to the negative electrode of the other particle and the positive electrode of the other particle, and the two particles have a repulsive force, that is, repulsive force. The gravitational force or repulsive force is determined by the angle at which the particles approach each other. As such, the polarized particles moved by the attraction force and repulsive force gradually start to approach the force of the attraction force and eventually form a particle chain extending from the end of the electrode plate to the end. After several single chains are formed, the single chains move toward another adjacent chain to form a thick column, and the process is repeated to form a thicker column. This is called a particle aggregation phenomenon.

The formation of a chain by aggregation or electric polarization of charged particles in an electric field is due to dipole-dipole interaction of particles having a dipole moment.

The particles 302 shown in FIG. 3E become polarized only when an electric field is applied, and when polarized, the chain structure is formed without being biased toward the upper or lower parts of the electrode. Therefore, electrophoresis moves to the upper or lower electrodes according to the direction of the electric field. The behavior characteristics cannot be exhibited.

Particularly, in order to lower the power consumption of the electrophoretic display and improve the life, it is necessary to adjust the viscosity of the fluid and the like to require bistableness to maintain the position of the final behaved particle even when the voltage is cut off. Particles are electrically dispersed in the fluid in a state before driving again, or it is difficult to move to the upper or lower electrodes, making it impossible to implement a shielding mode that blocks light incident from the outside.

Even if there is no bistableness, the time for implementing the shielding mode is not constant, and the shielding rate is not constant because it is difficult to electrically control the dispersion state of the particles. In addition, due to the polarized particles starting to be polarized from the moment exposed to the electric field, the response time and driving voltage for driving are higher than those of the particles having physically positive and negative charges applied to the present invention.

US Published Patent No. 2006-0038772 (2006.02.23) U.S. Patent Publication No. 2017-0097555 (2017.04.06) International Publication No. 2006-015044 (2006. 02. 09)

Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C, 2009, 105, 213-246.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is a panel having a positive charge and a negative charge in one particle, and dispersing a plurality of particles showing a difference in color and charge amount, which are contrasting with each other, in a transparent fluid, without patterning the electrode in the unit pixel or subcell It can be implemented in a stable and reproducible shielding mode, reflection mode or transmission mode without any complicated driving method, reducing manufacturing cost, improving transmittance, improving image or information update time, and improving driving voltage and lifespan characteristics. It is to provide a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color and variable transmission mode, and a driving method thereof.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a structure of a display panel capable of implementing full color in four colors on a unit pixel front surface without a color filter, and capable of performing a transmission mode function, and a method for controlling the same. have.

The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

A display panel structure made of a composite material capable of implementing full color in four colors and variable transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, and the lower substrate It includes a lower electrode disposed on one surface and a partition wall defining a unit pixel area formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, wherein the unit pixel areas each include a plurality of first colors representing a first color dispersed in a fluid. It includes particles, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles representing a fourth color, wherein the plurality of first particles and the second Each of the particles, the third particle, and the fourth particle has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the amounts of charges of the positive and negative charges are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles, Second particles, the third particles and the fourth particles to implement a transmission mode by a vertical and horizontal array at regular intervals to the lower electrode from the upper electrode.

A display panel structure made of a composite material capable of implementing full color in four colors and variable transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, and the lower substrate It includes a lower electrode disposed on one surface and a binder layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, each of the plurality of microcapsules each representing a first color dispersed in the fluid It includes a first particle, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles representing a fourth color, the plurality of first particles , Each of the second particle, the third particle, and the fourth particle has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the amount of charge between the positive and negative charges is different from each other, and A first number of particles, the second particles, the third particles and the fourth particles may be the vertical and horizontal array at regular intervals to the lower electrode to implement the transmission mode in the upper electrode.

Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and a shell partially coated on the surface of the core and the core have opposite polarity charges. Can have

The charge amount of the core and the shell of the plurality of first and second particles may be greater than the charge amount of the core and the shell of the plurality of third and fourth particles.

Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has a certain proportion of cationic ligands on the surface of polymer particles, metal particles, or metal compound particles having functional groups such that the amount of cation and anion charges has a constant ratio. And an anionic ligand.

In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color in four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode is patterned by unit pixel on the lower substrate, and a driving voltage The control mode may be selectively controlled for each unit pixel by adjusting the application time or the intensity of the driving voltage to implement a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

In order to control mode conversion of a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors in full color according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode is patterned by one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate. , By selectively controlling the application time of the driving voltage or the intensity of the driving voltage for each unit microcapsule, a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode may be implemented.

The first and second particles have lower threshold voltages than the third and fourth particles, and the driving voltages for vertical and horizontal arrangement at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode are the third and fourth particles. The fourth particles may be higher than the first and second particles.

The display panel structure made of the composite material according to the present invention and the driving method thereof have the advantage of being capable of varying the transmission mode with full color implementation of four colors.

The structure of the display panel and the driving method thereof according to the present invention can all be implemented in a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode, and when implementing the transmission mode, the microelectrodes within the unit pixel or subcell so that the electric field is concentrated in a specific area Patterning is not required, and the panel can be manufactured in a microcapsule method, thereby improving transmittance without increasing driving voltage and lead resistance, and has the advantage of simplifying the panel manufacturing process and reducing manufacturing cost.

The display panel structure and its driving method according to the present invention can control a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode stably and reproducibly without applying a high voltage by a complicated high frequency and a complicated driving waveform, so that a driving chip of a high specification is not required. It has the advantage of lowering the strategy consumed on the board and lowering the manufacturing cost.

In the display panel structure and driving method thereof according to the present invention, a single particle has both a positive charge and a negative charge even when an electric field is not applied, so that a high voltage / high frequency for polarizing the particles is not required, and for switching to a transmission mode Since the process is simple, it is possible to shorten the update time of the image or information without deteriorating the lifespan of the particles, and it has an advantage that the variable width of transmittance and the gradation range that can be implemented can be extended.

The display panel structure and driving method thereof according to the present invention do not use a color filter that degrades optical characteristics to realize full color of four colors, and do not need to inject particles of different colors into subcells independently. Have an advantage

The display panel structure and its driving method according to the present invention can be manufactured by using a microcapsule method, so that the manufacturing process is simple, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and various color implementations are possible to improve color reproducibility without deteriorating optical properties. It has the advantage of being possible.

The display panel structure and driving method according to the present invention have the advantage that full color can be realized using four types of color particles.

A display panel structure capable of implementing various colors according to the present invention and capable of performing a transmission mode function, and a driving method thereof, do not use a color filter that degrades optical characteristics in order to realize colors, and independent particles having different colors As it does not need to be injected into the subcell, the panel can be manufactured in a microcapsule method, which simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces manufacturing cost, and improves color reproducibility without deteriorating optical properties.

A display panel structure capable of implementing various colors according to the present invention and capable of performing a transmission mode function, and a driving method thereof, can also perform a shielding mode function in various colors, and are more complex and precise than conventional techniques. It is possible to display information, which has the advantage of a wide range of products that can be applied.

1A and 1B are cross-sectional views showing a panel structure of a conventional variable transmittance display.
2A and 2B are cross-sectional views showing a panel structure of a display capable of a conventional shielding mode / reflecting mode / transmissive mode.
3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are cross-sectional views showing a structure of a conventional display panel that implements a shielding mode / reflecting mode / transmissive mode using dielectric mobility of particles and fluids.
4A and B are schematic views showing cross-sections of particles showing the structure of particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5A, B, and C are cross-sectional views of a display panel structure including two types of color particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6A, B, C, and D are cross-sectional views of a display panel structure including two types of color particles according to an embodiment of the present invention, and implementing a shielding mode, a reflecting mode, and a transmitting mode.
7A, B, C, and D are cross-sectional views of a display panel structure including two types of color particles according to an embodiment of the present invention, and implementing a shielding mode, a reflecting mode, and a transmitting mode.
8A, B, and C illustrate a shielding mode 8a, a reflection mode 8b, and a transmission mode 8c using the display panel film manufactured according to the embodiment of FIGS. 6a, b, c, and d. It is a picture.
9A, B, and C are photographs illustrating a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode using a display panel film manufactured according to an embodiment of FIGS. 7A, B, C, and D.
10 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule type panel structure that implements a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode through adjustment of the driving voltage intensity (pulse group) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11A, 11B, and 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a reflective display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12A, B, C, and D are cross-sectional views showing a full color reflective display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
13A, B, and C are cross-sectional views showing a reflective display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
14A, B, C, and D are photographs illustrating three colors as an experiment result of driving the reflective color display panel film produced in FIG. 13 using three types of particles.
15 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view and a driving method showing a structure of a microcapsule type display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
16 is a photograph of a microcapsule type film and a display panel in which three colors are implemented according to an embodiment of the present invention.
17A, B, C, and D are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
18A, B, C, D, and E are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing four colors and varying transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
19A and B are cross-sectional views showing a display panel structure capable of implementing three colors and varying transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
20 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a microcapsule type display panel capable of implementing four colors and varying transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention can be applied to various transformations and can have various embodiments, and specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. Effects and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be clarified with reference to embodiments described below in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but may be implemented in various forms.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the same or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals when describing with reference to the drawings, and redundant description thereof will be omitted. .

In the following examples, terms such as first and second are not used in a limiting sense, but for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components. In addition, in the following embodiments, singular expressions include plural expressions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

In the examples below, terms such as include or have are meant to mean the presence of features or components described in the specification, and do not preclude the possibility of adding one or more other features or components in advance.

4A and B are schematic views showing cross-sections of particles showing the structure of particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figures 4a, b, the structure of the particle according to the present invention, unlike the particle structure in which the electric polarization phenomenon of the particle occurs due to electrorhesion when an electric field is applied, the particle 403 even in the state where the electric field is not applied (404) Each has a structure that maintains both positive and negative charges.

At this time, it is characterized in that the charge amounts of the positive and negative charges of one particle 403 and 404 are set to be different from each other.

Referring to FIG. 4A, as a method of forming one particle 403 to have both positive and negative charges, a particle structure having a core-shell structure may be applied. As illustrated in FIG. 4A, first, the particles 403 serving as the core are prepared to have a negative charge, and then partially coated with a shell material having a positive charge on the surface of the particles, one particle 403 has a positive charge and a negative charge. You can. Also, on the contrary, a shell material having a negative charge may be partially coated on the core 403 having a positive charge.

As another method, as shown in Fig. 4B, the particles 404 have a constant ratio on the surface of the core particles 404 such as polymer particles or metal or metal compounds having functional groups so that the amount of cation and anion charges has a constant ratio. A ratio of cationic ligands and anionic ligands can be reacted to bond (ionic, covalent or coordinative bonds).

At this time, the core and shell materials and ligands may be organic, polymer, inorganic, or metal compounds, and may absorb light or reflect (or scatter) light. In addition, it may be a reflective material such as a metal particle or a colored particle, and if it is a particle structure having both cations and anions at the same time, it is not limited to the shape of the particle, the material material, and the manufacturing method thereof.

In general, the type of core and shell material and ligand, the coating time of the shell material, the reaction time with the ligand, the ratio of the shell material or ligand to be coated relative to the core material (mass ratio, volume ratio, surface area ratio, molar ratio, etc.), additives in the fluid , A positive and negative charge region in one particle by controlling the type and amount of a charge control agent (which may be used as a ligand material), and the type and amount of a surfactant (which may also be used as a ligand material) It can be set so that the amount of charge of the different. That is, the charge amount of the core particle and the amount of charge of the material coated on the surface of the core particle can be adjusted, or the amount of charge of the cationic ligand and the anionic ligand on the surface of the core particle can be adjusted.

The charge regulator includes at least one of a positive charge regulator and a negative charge regulator. As a positive charge control agent, an azine type, a quaternary ammonium salt and a positively charged plasticizer can be used, and as a negative charge control agent, a tert-butyl zinc sylicylate type (for example, tert butyl) Zinc salicylate (tert-butyl zinc sylicylate), tert-butyl calcium sylicylate, and azo-based and negatively charged plasticizers can be used.

As the surfactant, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants or amphoteric surfactants can be used. Hydrophilic groups of anionic surfactants include carboxylic acids (-COOH), sulfuric acid esters (-O? SO3H), sulfonic acids (-SO3H), and hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, or hydrocarbon groups such as isoalkyl groups, benzene rings and naphthalene rings. do. Medialan A, naphthenic acid soap, rosin, CMC, Emulphor STH, Mersolate, Aerosol, Igepon T, ABS, Nekal A, BX, Gardinol, Turkey red oil, Arctic Syntex, Vel, Igepon B, Gardinol GY, Tergitol P, etc. You can.

The hydrophilic groups of cationic surfactants are mostly simple amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts containing primary to tertiary amines obtained by salting, and include so-called onium compounds such as very few phosphonium salts and sulfonium salts. have. Among these, the quaternary ammonium salt is the most important, and the five Ns include not only a chain alkyl bond but also a cyclic nitrogen compound, for example, a pyridinium salt or a quinolinium salt, particularly a heterocyclic compound such as imidazolinium salt. do. Primary, secondary, tertiary amine salts, Sapamin CH, Aquard, Decamine, Sapamin MS, Benzalkonium chloride, Hyamine, Repellat, Emcol E-607, Zelan A, Velan PF, Isotan Q-16, Myxal, etc. can be used. .

The amphoteric surfactant contains -COOH group, or -SO3H group, -OSO3H group as an anion in the molecule, and as the cation, soap in a form containing only an amine, especially a nitrogen group in the form of quaternary ammonium can be used.

5A, B, and C are display panels showing electrical behavior characteristics of particles exhibiting positive and negative charges in one particle according to the strength of the applied voltage or the voltage application time in a transparent fluid, according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the structure.

Figures 6a, b, c, d, according to an embodiment of the present invention, using the electrical behavior characteristics of the particles shown in Figure 5 to implement the shielding mode, the reflection mode and the transmission mode by adjusting the application time (pulse width) of the driving voltage It is a cross-sectional view of one display panel structure.

7a, b, c, and d according to an embodiment of the present invention, a display implementing a shielding mode, a reflection mode and a transmission mode through the intensity (pulsic device) of the driving voltage using the electrical behavior characteristics of the particles shown in FIG. It is a sectional view of a panel structure.

5, 6 and 7, the first particles 503, 603, 703 and the second particles 508, 608, 708 have contrasting colors and the core particles and shell material of the two particles are They are opposite polarities.

The lower electrode is patterned for each unit pixel on the lower substrate, and is selectively controlled for each unit pixel through adjustment of a driving voltage application time (pulse width) or intensity of a driving voltage (pulse size) to reflect, transmit, and transmit modes. Implement shielding mode.

In FIG. 5, the particles that are the core of the first particle (white) 503 exhibit a negative charge, and the material coated on the core particles has a positive charge. At this time, the negative charge value of the core particle was set to be greater than the positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle. In the second particle (black) 508, the particle that becomes the core has a positive charge and the coating material has a negative charge. At this time, the positive charge value of the core particle is set larger than the positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle.

In FIG. 5A, if the charge amounts of the core particles of the first particle (white) 503 and the core particles of the second particle (black) 508 are similar, the two core particles having opposite polarities have the same threshold voltage. In addition, since the charge value of the materials coated on the core particles is lower than the core particles, the threshold voltage of the coating materials is higher than that of the core particles. Therefore, when a voltage corresponding to the threshold voltage of the two core particles is applied from the outside to form an electric field, the core particles firstly affect the electric charges, and the two particles are electric as shown in FIG. 5B by the polarity of the electric charges of the core particles. It shows the behavior characteristics due to the Youngdong phenomenon. That is, the two first and second particles move toward the electrode to which the voltage of the sign opposite to the polarity of the charge that the core particles stand out is applied.

By exhibiting the behavior characteristics of the electrophoresis, it is possible to implement a shielding mode (or absorption mode) and a reflection mode as shown in FIGS. 6B and 7B as shown in FIGS. 6A and 7A depending on the color of the particles located on the display.

Referring to FIGS. 6C and 7C, if the charge amount of the coating materials is greater than the charge amount of the core particles, the coating materials have a lower threshold voltage than the core particles, and the threshold voltage of the coating materials is applied to form an electric field. When the first and second particles exhibit an electrophoresis phenomenon due to the polarity of the charge that the coating material exhibits.

If the application time is longer than the voltage application time applied to implement the shielding mode or the absorption mode due to electrophoresis (FIG. 6C) or the intensity of the driving voltage is higher than the applied threshold voltage (FIG. 7C), the two core particles In addition, the electric field affects the charges of the coating materials, and the moment the intensity of the electric field sufficiently affects the charges of the coating material, the core particles exhibit negative charges within one particle, as shown in FIG. 5C to The coating material is intended to move toward an electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and the core particles or coating materials that exhibit a positive charge in one particle have a property to move toward an electrode to which a negative voltage is applied.

At this time, two adjacent particles show different movements depending on the approaching angle. If one particle approaches the bottom of the other particle and is arranged close to the vertical with respect to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has attraction to attract each other. Conversely, when one particle is aligned next to another particle, the region of the particle that has the negative charge of the particle is the region of the particle having the negative charge of the other particle and the region of the particle having the positive charge has the positive charge of the other particle. They are placed alongside the domain and the two particles have repulsive forces, ie repulsive forces. The particles moving by the attraction force and repulsive force gradually start to approach as the force of the attraction force increases, and eventually the particles are arranged vertically and horizontally at regular intervals between both electrodes.

This has a very different particle structure and driving mechanism from the transmission mode formed by a chain structure due to the electrorheological properties of the particles shown in FIG. 3E, which is a prior art.

While the particles applied to the present invention have both positive and negative charges at the same time, the positive and negative charge regions in the particle are physically separated, whereas the particles shown in FIG. 3E show only one of the positive or negative charges. The structure of the particles is different.

In addition, the particles shown in Figure 3e, by a dipole-dipole interaction (dipole-dipole interaction) mechanism, the chain due to the aggregation (aggregation) or electric polarization (polarization) of particles having a dipole moment in the electric field chain) to implement the transmission mode.

On the other hand, in Figures 5c, 6c, 7c according to the present invention, the particles 503, 603, 703, 508, 608, 708 between the two electrodes are arranged vertically at regular intervals between the particles, A gap is generated by the repulsive force of the particles arranged side by side, and through this gap, light incident from the outside is transmitted, so that the particles can implement a transmission mode based on a constant vertical arrangement and a constant horizontal arrangement.

That is, the transmission mode can be stably implemented without a complicated driving method by high voltage and high frequency (FIG. 3E) and electrode patterning of unit pixels to subcells (FIGS. 1B, 2D, and 3C).

8a, b, and c use the display panel film manufactured according to the embodiment of FIGS. 6a, b, c, and d to adjust the pulse width of the driving voltage applied according to the driving method of the present invention. This is a photo demonstrating the shielding mode 8a, the reflection mode 8b, and the transmission mode 8c.

8A, B and C, the first white particles 603 and the second black particles are used in the transparent fluid 602 using the transparent electrodes 604 and 606 and the substrate 600 and 605. (608) was mixed and dispersed to fill a unit pixel to produce a panel.

At this time, the core particle of the first particle (white) 603 has a negative charge, the coating material has a positive charge, and the negative charge value of the core particle has a positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle. Greater than The core particle of the second particle (black) 608 has a positive charge, the coating material has a negative charge, and the positive charge value of the core particle is greater than the positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle. Big. In addition, the total charge amount of the first and second particles 603 and 608 is similar.

6A and 8A, as a result of applying a voltage of -7.9 V to 500 ms to the upper transparent electrode 604 corresponding to the display unit, black particles 608 in which the core particles exhibit a positive charge, the upper electrode 604 ) To absorb (609) the light 607 incident from the outside to display a black image and perform the function of the shielding mode.

Referring to FIGS. 6B and 8B, in order to test whether to perform a function of a reflection mode indicating a color by reflecting visible light of a specific wavelength by a color of a particle with light 607 incident from the outside, an upper portion corresponding to the display unit As a result of applying a voltage of +7.9 V to the transparent electrode 604 at 500 ms, the white particles 603 in which the core particles exhibit a negative charge move upward and reflect 609 the light 607 incident from the outside to white. Images are shown.

6C and 8C, as a result of increasing the time at which the voltage of +7.9 V is applied to the upper electrode 604 of the display unit to 2 s to test whether the function of the transmission mode is performed, the particles 603 and 608 are upper electrodes. From to the lower electrode, vertical and horizontal arrangement of the LED light is transmitted from the lower substrate to the upper substrate, thereby confirming the numerical image represented by the LED light. In addition, the transmission mode function was implemented even when a driving voltage of -7.9 V was applied to the display unit at 2 s.

9a, b, and c are implemented by adjusting the intensity of the driving voltage (pulsator) according to the driving method of the present invention, using the display panel film manufactured according to the embodiment of FIGS. 7a, b, c, and d. This photo demonstrates the display's shielding mode, reflection mode and transmission mode.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 7, a panel is fabricated using transparent electrodes 704 and 706 and a substrate 700 and 705 and the black 708 and white particles 703 are united in a transparent fluid 702. Filled with pixels to produce a panel.

In FIG. 9, a driving voltage of -8V is applied to a transparent electrode on the top corresponding to the display unit to confirm whether the function of the shielding mode absorbing or reflecting light incident from the outside and the functioning of the reflecting mode according to the color of the particles are performed. As a result of applying 500 ms, the black particles with positive charge moved upwards and absorbed the light incident from the outside to show a black image (Figs. 9b, 9d) and driving + 8V to the upper transparent electrode. As a result of applying the voltage at 500 ms, it was confirmed that the white particles having a negative charge move to the upper portion of the core particles to reflect the light incident from the outside to display a white image. (Figures 9a, 9e)

In addition, in order to check the function of the transmission mode by adjusting the intensity of the applied voltage, a printed letter is placed on the back of the panel and a driving voltage of + 15V is applied to the upper electrode at 500ms. From vertical to horizontal arrangement, the light incident from the outside was transmitted from the upper substrate to the lower substrate and reached to the printed characters arranged on the back of the panel, and the image reflected by the printed characters could be confirmed. (Figure 9f)

In addition, it was confirmed that the transmission mode function was implemented even when a driving voltage of -15 V was applied to the display unit at 500 ms. (Figure 9c)

10 is a cross-sectional view of a panel structure that implements a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode through the control of the microcapsule type panel structure and the driving voltage intensity (pulse group) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, particles 1003 dispersed in transparent fluid 1002 of the present invention in which a panel is constructed by constructing unit pixels or subcells with partition walls 601 and 701 described in FIGS. 6 and 7. The (1008) microcapsules (1010) can be applied to the panel structure to form the display layer, and the driving method is also a method of controlling the time and intensity of the applied voltage described above to shield, reflect, and transmit modes. Etc. can be implemented.

Since particles 1003 and 1008 dispersed in a transparent fluid exhibit electrical behavior characteristics by direction, intensity, duration, etc. of an electric field formed by a voltage applied from the outside, the particles are also patterned in a separate capsule space. Depending on the voltage applied to the electrodes, different behavior characteristics can be exhibited.

11A, 11B, and 11C are cross-sectional views showing a reflective display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

11A, 11B, and 11C, a first particle 1003 having a negative charge and representing a first color and a second particle 1008 having a positive charge and representing a second color are used, and the first ( 1003) and the second particles 1008 should be set to have a larger dielectric constant than the transparent fluid 1102 to maximize the dielectric phenomena caused by the high voltage high frequency described in FIG. 3 above.

In addition, in order to realize the third color, particles 1112 representing the third color are used, which have a positive charge, no negative charge, or a very low charge value. At this time, the dielectric constant of the third particle 1112 should be lower than that of the transparent fluid and the first 1003 and second particles 1008 so as not to be affected by the dielectric phenomena.

In FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C, when a threshold voltage sufficient to affect the charge value of the first 1003 and second particles 1008 is applied from the outside, the first particle 1103 exhibiting a positive charge. They move in the direction of the electrode to which the negative sign voltage is applied, and the second particles 1108 exhibiting a negative charge move in the direction of the electrode to which the positive sign voltage is applied. At this time, colors of the first (black) and second (white) may be implemented as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B by the colors of the particles positioned as the upper electrode corresponding to the display unit. When the electric field due to the threshold voltage of the first and second particles 1103 and 1108 is formed, the third particles 1112 that are relatively low in charge or have no polarity do not exhibit electrical behavior characteristics and do not exhibit a fluid ( 1102).

If a high voltage greater than the threshold voltage of the first and second particles 1103 and 1108 is applied at a high frequency, the first and second particles 1103 and 1108 are caused by a non-uniform electric field as shown in FIG. 11C. As they move irregularly due to the dielectric phenomena, they are gradually located at the edge of a unit pixel or a subcell. However, the relatively low dielectric constant third particles 1112 may exhibit a third color by maintaining a dispersed state in the fluid 1102.

The present invention of FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C can also be applied to the microcapsule type panel structure shown in FIG. 10.

12A, B, C, and D are cross-sectional views showing a full color reflective display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing four colors of colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

12A and B, in order to implement four colors according to the present invention, a first particle 1203 having a negative charge and representing a first color, and a second particle having a positive charge and representing a second color Particles 1208, third particles 1212 with a negative charge and a third color, and fourth particles 1213 with a positive charge and a fourth color are used, the first 1203 and the second The charge amount and the dielectric constant of the particles 1208 are larger than those of the third 1212 and fourth particles 1213 and the dielectric constant should be high. That is, since the amount of charge of the first 1203 and the second particles 1208 is larger than the amount of charge of the third 1212 and fourth particles 1213, it has a relatively low threshold voltage and a relatively high dielectric constant. The first (1203) and the second particles (1208) have a behavior characteristic by dielectric phenomena before the third (1212) and fourth particles (1213) when a high voltage is applied from the outside to a high frequency.

For the above reason, when the first threshold voltage capable of acting on the first 1203 and second particles 1208 is applied, the first particles 1203 exhibiting a negative charge are in the direction of the electrode to which a positive voltage is applied. The second particles 1208, which move to and have a positive charge, move in the direction of the electrode to which the negative sign voltage is applied, thereby exhibiting the first and second colors as shown in FIGS. 12A and B.

Referring to FIGS. 12C and D, when the minimum high frequency and high voltage that can exhibit the behavior characteristics of the first 1203 and second particles 1208 due to the dielectric phenomena are applied, the first 1203 and the second particles ( 1208) are positioned at the edge of the unit pixel or subcell, and the third 1212 and fourth particles 1213 remain dispersed in the fluid 1202. A third driving voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the first 1203 and the second particles 1208 immediately after the first 1203 and the second particles 1208 are located at the edge of the unit pixel or the subcell by the dielectric phenomena. When a second threshold voltage capable of electrophoresis of the 1212 and fourth particles 1213 is applied, the third (1212) and fourth particles 1213 located closest between the two electrodes 1204 and 1206 are As shown in FIGS. 12C and D by operating first, the third particles 1212 having a positive charge move in the direction of the electrode to which a negative sign voltage is applied, and the fourth particles 1213 having a negative charge are positive. The third and fourth colors may be realized by moving in the direction of the electrode to which the voltage of the sign of is applied.

In Figures 12a, b, c, d, when the four types of applied particles have a color of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, respectively, by color combination of color particles It is possible to implement full color.

In addition, the present invention of Figures 12a, b, c, d can be applied to the microcapsule type panel structure shown in Figure 10.

13A, B, and C are cross-sectional views showing a reflective display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

13A, B, and C are structures of a reflective color display panel and a driving method capable of implementing three colors in different ways from FIGS. 11A and BC, and the first (1303) showing first and second colors ) And the second particles 1308 have opposite charges to the core particles and the material coated on the core particles, so that both particles have both positive and negative charges, and the core particles and the coating material are different. Make sure to have a charge value. In addition, the third particles 1312 exhibiting a third color dispersed in the transparent fluid 1302 together with the first 1303 and second particles 1308 are not polarized or positively charged if they have polarity. It must have the polarity of one of the negative charges and its charge value must also be extremely low.

Referring to FIGS. 13A and B, the first particles 1303 representing the first color have a negative charge of the core particle, a positive charge of the coating material, and a second particle 1308 representing the second color. The core particles are positively charged, the coating material is negatively charged, and the third particles 1312 exhibiting a third color are positive but not negatively charged or the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308. The charge value was extremely lower than the charge value and was set to have one polarity. At this time, the charge amount of the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 was similar and the core particle was set to be larger than the charge value of the coating material. That is, the third particles 1312 are not affected by the first and second driving voltages.

When the electric field is formed by applying the threshold voltage of the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 from the outside, the charge values of the first and second core particles are greater than the charge values of the materials coated on the core particles. As the driving voltage is relatively low, the electric field affects the electric charges of the core particles, and as shown in FIGS. 13A and B, the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 depend on the polarity of the electric charges of the core particles. Electrophoresis phenomenon.

That is, the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 are moved toward the electrode to which the voltage of the sign opposite to the polarity of the electric charge of the core particles is applied. In this case, the first and second colors may be implemented according to the colors of the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 located on the display unit.

Referring to FIG. 13C, if the voltages are continuously applied or the voltage is increased even after the first and second particles move to the upper or lower electrodes 1304 and 1306, the first 1303 and the first particles In the particles 1308 of 2, the electric field affects not only the core particles but also the charges of the coating materials, and the moment the intensity of the electric field sufficiently affects the charges of the coating material, negative within one particle The core particles or coating materials having a charge tend to move toward the electrode to which the positive voltage is applied, and the core particles or coating materials having a positive charge move toward the electrode to which the negative voltage is applied. At this time, the two different particles adjacent to each other in the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 exhibit totally different movements depending on the approaching angle. If one particle approaches the bottom of the other particle and is arranged close to the vertical with respect to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has attraction to attract each other. Conversely, when one particle is aligned next to another particle, the region of the particle that has the negative charge of the particle is the region of the particle having the negative charge of the other particle and the region of the particle having the positive charge has the positive charge of the other particle. They are placed alongside the domain and the two particles have repulsive forces, ie repulsive forces. The particles moving by the attraction force and the repulsive force gradually start to approach the force of the attraction force, and eventually the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 are arranged vertically and horizontally between both electrodes. The third particles 1312 having extremely low or no polarity may be dispersed in a transparent fluid to implement a third color.

14A, B, C, and D are photographs illustrating three colors as an experiment result of driving the reflective color display panel film produced in FIG. 13 using three types of particles.

14A, B, C, and 13, the first particles 1303 showing a white color have a negative charge on the core particles, a positive charge on the coating material, and second particles 1308 showing a black color. The core particles have a positive charge, the coating material has a negative charge, and the third particles having a light green color have a single polarity of negative charge on one particle, and the charge value is extremely lower than the charge values of the first and second particles.

14A, B, and C are photographs sequentially implementing three colors by adjusting the direction of the electric field and the intensity of the voltage, and higher than the threshold voltages of + 8V and -8V and the threshold voltages of the first and second particles- As a result of sequentially applying a driving voltage of 15V to the upper electrode, at + 8V, the core particles show white images with negatively charged white particles on the upper electrode surface, and at -8V, the core particles have positively charged black particles. It shows a black image, and at -15V, it was confirmed that the first and second particles are vertically and horizontally arranged, and thus, the light green color is realized by the exposed third particles. In addition, it was confirmed that the greenish green color was implemented at + 15V.

Referring to FIGS. 14D and 13, a photograph showing three colors by adjusting the direction of the electric field and the time at which the voltage is applied. In the first particles 1303 showing white, the core particles exhibit a negative charge and the coating material is The second particles 1308 exhibiting a positive charge, and the black particles have a positive charge, the coating material has a negative charge, and the third particles 1312 exhibiting a pink have a single polarity of negative charge. And the charge value is extremely lower than that of the first and second particles. As a result of applying and adjusting the pulse width based on the response time of 250 ms, which is the response time for the first and second particles to move to the upper and lower electrodes with driving voltages of +10 V and -10 V, the core particles are negatively charged at +10 V (250 ms). The white particles that stand out are located on the upper electrode surface to show a white image, and at -10V (250ms), the core particles show black images where the positively charged black particles are located, and at a pulse width of -10V (1s), which is 4 times the pulse width. It was confirmed that the first and second particles are arranged vertically and pink is realized by the exposed third particles. In addition, it was confirmed that pink was implemented at + 10V (1.5s).

15 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure and a driving method of a microcapsule type display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a unit pixel type scheme that implements three colors of FIGS. 13 and 14 Is applied to the microcapsule type structure.

FIG. 16 is a photograph of a microcapsule type film and a display panel in which three colors are implemented according to a temporary example of the present invention according to FIG. 15.

In order to fabricate the microcapsule type display panel shown in FIG. 15, as shown in FIG. 16 (a), the first particles 1503, the second particles 1508, and the third particles having different colors in the transparent fluid are different. After dispersing (1512) into capsules 1510, they were mixed with a binder or an adhesive layer 1511 to coat a transparent electrode 1511 on a substrate 1500 of a PET material coated thereon to prepare a microcapsule type film. At this time, the particles used are the same as those applied to FIG. 14.

A microcapsule type panel was fabricated with the structure shown in FIG. 15 by laminating the microcapsule type film produced as described above (applied as a display portion and an upper substrate) and a segment type FPCB used as a lower substrate. As a result of driving by adjusting the application time of the driving method and the intensity of the driving voltage, it was confirmed that three colors were implemented as shown in FIGS. 16A, B, C, and D.

17A, B, C, and D are cross-sectional views showing a display panel structure and driving method capable of implementing four colors of colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

17A, B, C, and D, four types of particles having different colors are dispersed in a transparent fluid to have a panel structure filled with unit pixels, and the first 1703 and the second particles 1708 are The core particles and the material coated on the core particles have opposite charges, so that one particle has both positive and negative charges, and the core particle and the coating material have different charge values. In addition, the third (1712) and fourth particles (1713) have only one polarity of positive or negative charge on one particle.

17A, B, C, and D, in the first 1703 and second particles 1708, the charge value of the first and second core particles is greater than that of the coating material. The first particle 1703 is set such that the core particle has a negative charge, the coating material has a positive charge, and the second particle 1708 has a core particle having a positive charge and the coating material has a negative charge. In addition, the third particle 1712 has a negative charge, and the fourth particle 1713 has a positive charge. In addition, the charge amount of the first 1703 and second particles 1708 was set to be larger than the third 1773 and fourth particles 1713. That is, in FIGS. 17A, B, C, and D, the first and second particles have the same driving voltage and are set to have relatively lower threshold voltages than the third and fourth particles.

In FIGS. 17A, B, C, and D, when a voltage corresponding to a threshold voltage of the first and second core particles is applied, the formed electric field affects the electric charges of the first and second core particles and dusts. 1 (1703) and the second particles (1708) exhibit behavioral characteristics due to the electrophoretic phenomenon as shown in FIGS.

That is, the first (1703) and the second particles (1708) move toward the electrode to which the voltage of the sign opposite to the polarity of the charge that the core particles stand out is applied, and the applied voltage is the third and fourth Because the particles are lower than the threshold voltage, the third and fourth particles remain dispersed in the fluid 1702. By using the behavioral characteristics of the electrophoresis, as shown in FIGS. 17A and B, the first and second colors are implemented according to the color of the particles on the display portion.

Referring to FIGS. 17C and D, if the third and fourth threshold voltages, which are driving voltages higher than the threshold voltages of the first and second particles, are applied, the first 1703 and second particles 1708 are The electric field affects not only the core particles, but also the electric charges of the coating materials, so the core particles or the coating material that exhibit negative charges within one particle try to move toward the electrode to which a positive voltage is applied and have a positive charge. The core particle or the coating material has a characteristic of moving toward an electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, and the two different particles adjacent to each other in the first 1703 and second particles 1708 depend on the approach angle. It shows a completely different movement. If one particle approaches the bottom of the other particle and is arranged close to the vertical with respect to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has attraction to attract each other. Conversely, when one particle is aligned next to another particle, the region of the particle that has the negative charge of the particle is the region of the particle having the negative charge of the other particle and the region of the particle having the positive charge has the positive charge of the other particle. They are placed alongside the domain and the two particles have repulsive forces, ie repulsive forces. The particles moving by the attraction force and the repulsive force gradually start to approach as the force of the attraction force is applied, and eventually the first 1703 and the second particles 1708 are arranged vertically and horizontally between both electrodes.

At this time, the third (1712) and fourth particles (1713) having a single polarity move to the upper or lower electrode to which a voltage having a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge is applied, and the third according to the color of the particles located on the display unit. And a fourth color.

In FIGS. 17A, B, C, and D, if the four types of particles applied have colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, respectively, they are pooled by color combinations of color particles. Full color can be implemented, and such a particle configuration and driving method can also be applied to a microcapsule type display panel structure.

18A, B, C, D, and E are cross-sectional views showing a display panel structure and a driving method capable of varying transmission modes and implementing four colors of colors.

18A, B, C, D, and E, four types of particles having different colors have a panel structure filled with unit pixels by spraying them on a transparent fluid, and all four types of particles have a charge of the core particles. The polarity of the material coated on the core particle should have the opposite polarity of the charge, so that one particle has both positive and negative charges.

In FIGS. 18A, B, C, D, and E, all four types of particles (first, second, third, and fourth color particles) have higher charge values of the core particles than charge values of the coating material. 1 (1803) and the third particles (1812), the core particle has a negative charge, the coating material has a positive charge, and the second (1808) and the fourth particles (1813) have a core particle with a positive charge and the coating material. Is set to have a negative charge. In addition, the charge values of the core particles and the coating materials of the first and second particles were set to be greater than the charge values of the core particles and the coating materials of the third and fourth particles. Therefore, the first and second core particles have a lower threshold voltage than the third and fourth particles, and the driving voltages for the third and fourth particles to be vertically arranged at the upper and lower electrodes are also the first and second. It should be higher than the particles of.

Referring to FIGS. 18A and B, in the first and second particles, when the electric field is formed by applying the first driving voltage, which is the minimum voltage at which the core particles start to affect the electric charges, the electric charges of the coating materials The core particles affect the electric charges that appear first, and the first and second particles perform electrophoresis according to the polarity of the electric charges of the core particles, and implement the first and second colors according to the color of the particles located on the display. do.

That is, the first and second particles move toward the electrode to which the voltage of the sign opposite to the polarity of the charge that the core particle stands out is applied, and the applied first driving voltage is the third and fourth particles. Since the core particles do not affect the outstanding charge, the third and fourth particles maintain a dispersed state in the fluid 1802 at the first driving voltage.

Referring to FIGS. 18C and D, in the third and fourth particles, when a second driving voltage higher than the first driving voltage capable of affecting the electric charges of the core particles is applied, the first (1803) ) And the second particles 1808 affect not only the core particles but also the electric charges of the coating materials, so that the core particles or the coating material that exhibit negative charges in one particle are applied with a positive voltage. The core particles or coating materials that are intended to move toward and have a positive charge have a characteristic of moving toward an electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, and adjacent to each other in the first 1803 and the second particles 1808. The other two particles show a completely different movement depending on the approaching angle. If one particle approaches the bottom of the other particle and is arranged close to the vertical with respect to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has attraction to attract each other. Conversely, when one particle is aligned next to another particle, the region of the particle that has the negative charge of the particle is the region of the particle having the negative charge of the other particle and the region of the particle having the positive charge has the positive charge of the other particle. They are placed alongside the domain and the two particles have repulsive forces, ie repulsive forces. As the particles moved by the attraction force and the repulsive force gradually start to approach as the force of the attraction force is applied, the first 1803 and the second particles 1808 are arranged vertically and horizontally between both electrodes.

At this time, the third (1812) and the fourth particles (1813) are moved to the electrode to which the voltage applied to the voltage opposite to the polarity of the core particles is affected by the electric field affecting only the electric charge that the core particles stand. The third and fourth colors can be realized by the colors of the located third and fourth particles.

Referring to FIG. 18E, if a third driving voltage higher than a second driving voltage that affects not only the charges of the third and fourth core particles but also the charges of the coating material is applied, the electric field is applied to the first electric field. The particles 1803, the second particles 1808, the third particles 1812, the core particles of the fourth particles 1813 and the coating material affects the preceding paragraph, and all particles have an attractive force and It is arranged vertically and horizontally by a repulsive force mechanism, and light transmitted from the outside can pass between the arranged particles to perform a transmission mode function.

In FIGS. 18A, B, C, D, and E, if the four types of particles applied have colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, respectively, the color combination of the color particles By this, full color can be realized.

19A and B are cross-sectional views showing a display panel structure in which three colors are implemented and a transmission mode is variable. Depending on the purpose of use of the display or to increase the transmittance, the number of color particles can be reduced to drive three color particles.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of FIGS. 18A, B, C, D, and E, applying a display driving method capable of varying the transmission mode and changing the transmission mode to a microcapsule type display panel structure.

Materials used in the manufacturing process and processes applied to the specific embodiment of the present invention according to FIGS. 4 to 20 are as follows.

The display panel according to the present invention is composed of a composite material phase in which solid and liquid materials are mixed.

The upper substrate is a light-transmitting material having a high transmittance, and may be a base film formed of a material having a high transmittance of 80% or more. The upper substrate is a transparent polymer film with excellent light transmittance, polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR, polyacrylate), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN, polyethyelenen napthalate), Polyethylene terephthalide (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC), etc. However, it is not limited thereto.

An upper electrode may be provided on one surface of the upper substrate facing the lower substrate. The upper electrode may apply the same voltage to the plurality of display layers. The upper electrode may be a common electrode formed in a plate shape to be common to a plurality of display layers. The upper electrode 2202 may be provided on the viewer side, and indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), ZnO, or transparent conductive oxide (TCO) ) May be formed of a transparent conductive material.

The fluid is water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, benzene, chloroform (Chloroform), isoparaffin oil, silicone oil, ester oil, hydrocarbon oil triethylhexanoin, dimethicone, cetyl octanoate, dicaprylate, isopropyl myristate, tocophenol acetate, etc. It may contain a substance. The fluid may include a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, or a luminescent material, or a color variable material (for example, Zion pigment material, Zion dye material, etc.) whose color characteristics change as energy is applied.

The microcapsules are fixed at predetermined intervals in the binder layer to form spaces between the microcapsules. Due to the spacing, each microcapsule does not directly contact neighboring microcapsules.

The binder layer may include a material that is at least partially transparent in a visible light region of 380 nm to 750 nm. The binder layer may include at least one transparent polymer material selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymer, silicone polymer, ester polymer, urethane polymer, amide polymer, ether polymer, fluoro polymer and rubber. In addition, the binder layer may include a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, a light emitting material, or the like, or a material whose color characteristics change as energy is applied (eg, Zion pigment material, Zion dye material, etc.).

The adhesive layer (or adhesive layer) may be formed using a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The pressure-sensitive adhesive prevents changes in the optical properties of the constituent members, and a material that does not require a high-temperature process during curing or drying during adhesion treatment can be used. For example, as the adhesive layer (or adhesive layer), an appropriate polymer such as an acrylic polymer or a silicone polymer, polyester or polyurethane, polyether, or synthetic rubber can be used. As the adhesive layer (or adhesive layer), not only a simple adhesive (or adhesive) action, but also a high elasticity silicone rubber, which also serves as a cushion for alleviating the impact, may be used. The adhesive layer (or adhesive layer) may be cured by energy (eg, heat or UV, etc.) or may be uncured.

For example, the adhesive layer (or adhesive layer) may be an insulating organic material, polyethersulfone (PES, polyethersulphone), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate ( PEN, polyethyelenen napthalate (PEN), polyethyeleneterepthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC) ) And the like, but is not limited thereto.

The lower substrate may be a substrate of various materials such as plastic and metal. For example, the lower substrate may include a metal foil containing a metal such as silver or aluminum, or a plastic film coated with a metal layer on the back surface.

The lower substrate may be a flexible material substrate that can be bent, bent, or rolled, and in this case, the lower substrate may be a flexible printed circuit board. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the lower substrate may be made of a phenol-based or epoxy-based synthetic resin, and the lower substrate may be a rigid printed circuit board. A lower electrode may be provided on one surface of the lower substrate. The lower electrode may apply the same or different voltage to the plurality of microcapsules.

The lower electrode is a single layer structure of copper, aluminum, indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), or nickel, gold, or the like is further laminated on a material of copper, aluminum, ITO, or IZO. It can be formed in a multi-layer structure.

The microcapsules can be soft capsules or hard capsules, and can be prepared by in-situ polymerization, coacervation approach, or interfacial polymerization.

In the manufacture of microcapsules, a polar or non-polar dispersion medium may be used as a fluid. For example, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, dodecane, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, isoparffin oil, isopar-G, isopar Either or more of -M or isopar-H can be used. Dyestuffs or pigments can be added to the fluid.

As the dye or pigment, azo dye, anthraquinone dye, carbonium dye, indigo dye, sulfide dye, phthalocyanine dye, etc. may be used, and the pigment may be titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, Lithopon, zinc sulfonate, carbon black, graphite, chrome yellow, zinc chromate, redoxide of iron, red lead , Cadmium red, Molybdate chrome orange, Mirlori blue, pressian blue, iron blue, Cobalt blue, Chrome green, Chromium hydroxide, Zinc Inorganic pigments such as zinc green, aluminum powder, bronze powder, fluorescent pigments, pearl pigments, or insoluble azo-based, soluble azo-based, phthalocyanine-based, quinacridone-based, dioxazine-based, and isoindole Non-based, dry dye-based, phyllocholine-based, fluorine-based, quinophthalone-based, metal complex Organic pigments such as su may be used.

According to in-situ polymerization, microcapsules can be prepared through a reaction process in which an emulsion is formed and structured in a core-shell form.

First, the core material is prepared by dispersing the particles in a fluid. At this time, the particles may be dispersed in a proportion of 0.1 to 25% by weight relative to the fluid, but may also disperse a larger amount if necessary. The dispersion of the core material may be dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser or a homogenizer.

Next, a polymer to form a shell of a microcapsule is mixed to prepare a prepolymer by adjusting the acidity. This process can be performed simultaneously with the process of preparing a dispersion of the core material.

As the polymer for forming the shell, a polymer precursor capable of exhibiting low elasticity and hard properties may be used, such as copolymers such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, methylvinyl ether commaleic anhydride, gelatin, and polyvinyl. Polymers such as alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulosic derivatives, acacia, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, hydrolyzed styrene anhydride copolymers, agar, alginate, casein, albumin, cellulose phthalate can be used, and the hydrophilicity of such polymers By controlling the hydrophobicity, a shell can be formed surrounding the core material. In addition, the prepolymer can be prepared as a dispersion by dispersing in a fluid like particles.

The prepared dispersion of the core material and the prepolymer dispersion of the shell material may be mixed and stirred to form an emulsion. It is necessary to optimize the ratio of particles and prepolymer as conditions for forming such an emulsion, and the two dispersions can be mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1:12 by volume. In addition, a stabilizer may be added to improve dispersibility. In the emulsion, the particles can be a dispersed phase and the shell material can be a continuous phase.

At this time, additives may be added to increase the stability of the emulsion. These additives may be organic polymers having high wettability and high viscosity after dissolving in water, specifically, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and alginate. Any one of them can be used.

The core material dispersion can be microencapsulated by adjusting the pH and temperature of the formed emulsion so that the shell material dispersion in continuous phase is deposited around the particles in the dispersed phase to form a shell of microcapsules.

In this case, the process of adding an additive to increase the hardness of the shell by reducing the elasticity by configuring the microcapsule shell more densely may be included. The type of additive to be added may be an ionic or polar substance that dissolves well in the aqueous phase. For example, at least one of ammonium chloride, resorcinol, hydroquinone, and catechol, which are curing catalysts, may be used.

In the case of the coacervation method, oily / watery emulsions of the inner phase and the outer phase can be used. The dispersion of the core material is coacervated (agglomerated) out from the aqueous outer phase, and is granulated by forming a shell in the oily droplets of the inner phase by controlling temperature, pH, relative concentration and the like.

In the case of coacervation, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, gelatin, or arabic rubber or the like can be used as the shell material.

In the case of the interfacial polymerization method, a lipophilic monomer in the internal phase is present as an emulsion in the aqueous external phase. The monomer in the liquid crystal of the internal phase reacts with the monomer introduced on the aqueous external phase, and polymerization reaction occurs at the interface between the droplet of the internal phase and the surrounding aqueous external phase, and a shell of particles is formed around the droplet. The formed shell is relatively thin and permeable, but unlike other manufacturing methods, it does not require heating, and thus has the advantage of applying various dielectric fluids.

In the display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, the elasticity of the microcapsules contacting the electrode after being attached regardless of the shape in which the microcapsules attached to the substrate are spherical, non-spherical, facing, etc. is strengthened to reduce pressure or shock applied from the outside It has the durability to absorb.

In the unit pixel type display panel, the partition wall may be formed of a non-polar organic material or a non-polar inorganic material.

The partition wall may be formed through a photo lithography or mold printing process to have a predetermined height and width (for example, a height of 10um to 100um and a width of 10um to 20um).

The partition wall is preferably made of a material that is not charged so that the particles and the partition wall charged by electrical force when driving is not coupled to each other. In the embodiment of the present invention, when the fluid in which the charged particles are mixed is a non-polar organic solvent, it may be formed of physical properties such as a fluid, that is, non-polar polymer, organic, or inorganic. have.

Claims (8)

Upper substrate;
Lower substrate;
An upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;
A lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; And
And a partition wall defining a unit pixel area formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate,
Each of the unit pixel areas includes a plurality of first particles representing a first color dispersed in a fluid, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a fourth color. It includes a plurality of fourth particles representing,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the amount of charge between the positive and negative charges is different from each other,
The plurality of first particles, the second particles, the third particles, and the fourth particles moving by attraction and repulsive forces due to positive and negative charges in the particles gradually receive a force of attraction, and as the distance approaches, from the upper electrode to the lower electrode A display panel structure made of four colors full color, characterized by realizing the transmission mode by vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals, and a composite material on which the transmission mode is variable.
Upper substrate;
Lower substrate;
An upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;
A lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; And
It includes a binder layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode,
Each of the plurality of microcapsules each includes a plurality of first particles representing a first color dispersed in a fluid, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a fourth It includes a plurality of fourth particles exhibiting color,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the amount of charge between the positive and negative charges is different from each other,
The plurality of first particles, the second particles, the third particles, and the fourth particles moving by attraction and repulsive forces due to positive and negative charges within the particles gradually receive a force of attraction, and as the distance approaches, the lower electrode at the upper electrode Display panel structure made of four colors full color and composite material variable in transmission mode, characterized by realizing transmission mode by vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals.
According to any one of claims 1 or 2,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and a shell partially coated on the surface of the core and the core have opposite polarity charges. A display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color of four colors and having a variable transmission mode.
According to claim 3,
Full color realization of four colors and variable transmission mode are possible, wherein the charge amount of the core and the shell of the plurality of first and second particles is larger than the charge amount of the core and the shell of the plurality of third and fourth particles. Display panel structure made of composite material.
According to any one of claims 1 or 2,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles has a certain proportion of cationic ligands on the surface of polymer particles, metal particles, or metal compound particles having functional groups such that the amount of cation and anion charges has a constant ratio. And a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of full color realization of four colors and a variable transmission mode, characterized in that the anionic ligand is bound.
To control the mode conversion of the display panel structure made of the composite material according to claim 1,
The lower electrode is patterned for each unit pixel on the lower substrate, and is selectively controlled for each unit pixel by adjusting an application time of a driving voltage or an intensity of a driving voltage to implement a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode. Method of driving a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color in four colors.
To control the mode conversion of the display panel structure made of the composite material according to claim 2,
The lower electrode is patterned by one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and selectively controls an application time or a driving voltage intensity for each unit microcapsule to implement a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode. Method of driving a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color of four colors, characterized in that.
The method of any one of claims 6 or 7,
The first and second particles have lower threshold voltages than the third and fourth particles, and the driving voltages for vertical and horizontal arrangement at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode are the third and fourth particles. A method of driving a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color in four colors, characterized in that the fourth particles are higher than the first and second particles.

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