KR101993485B1 - Amine-free voc-free metal working fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to an aqueous metal working composition comprising, in a concentrate or in a dilution with dilution of the concentrate with water, at least one hydrophobic aliphatic chain having at least one hydrophobic chain and at least one polar group and a number of less than 0.1 g / 0.002 to 40% by weight of component (a), which is a lubricant having solubility and comprising at least one water-insoluble compound (a) selected from the group of compounds consisting of 0.002 to 40% by weight of component (b) having a solubility in water of more than 0.1 g / l at 20 캜 and comprising at least one water-soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (b) selected from the group consisting of 0.002 to 45% by weight of at least one emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (c) selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, water-miscible or water-dispersible and nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants Emulsifiable and dispersible formulations (c); 0.002 to 30% by weight of an alkaline agent (d) containing at least one alkali-soluble compound (d) selected from the group consisting of hydroxides and carbonates; And from 0.004 to 99% by weight of the carrier component (e), predominantly containing water. Furthermore, the present application relates to methods of using such aqueous metal working compositions as coolants, lubricants, and the like, and further relates to methods of making aqueous metal working compositions and metal working processes.

Description

AMINE-FREE VOC-FREE METAL WORKING FLUID [0002]

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field related to aqueous metalworking compositions.
Technical field

The present invention relates in particular to metalworking compositions of aqueous, environmentally friendly, recyclable, synthetic, non-amine, oil-free petroleum, and non-VOC, which contain few hazardous materials, It is compatible with alloys.

Background technology

Metalworking compositions are used to lubricate metalworking tools and to cool metalwork tools, to wash away some metallic chips and impurities that may be present in the workpiece, and to remove tools and parts of machinery as long as possible from damage, wear and corrosion Such as cutting, grinding, forming, lapping, drawing, forming, pressing, punching, rolling, stamping and other processes. Such processing may include grinding, turning, milling, tapping, broaching and hobbing as well as forming processes that typically exhibit no metal removal such as bending, hot and cold rolling, drawing, forging, stamping and blanking. As shown in Fig. The metalworking composition may help to wash off oil and debris from the metallic component. And, the metalworking composition can provide corrosion protection to the components.

The mainstream of the metalworking composition is a straight oil type and a water-based type.

The water-borne type can be further classified into the following types.

A) Water-soluble oils typically contain at least 70% by weight of petroleum-based oils, emulsifiers, optional lubricity additives, alkanolamines, and less than 2% by weight of water.

B) Semi-synthetic fluids typically contain from 5 to 60% by weight of petroleum-based oils, a high content of emulsifiers, optional lubricity additives, alkanolamines, and from 10 to 60% by weight of water. The disadvantage of the semi-synthetic fluid is its low heat capacity, which has the problem of low cooling effect, poor emulsion stability, frequent bacterial growth, and cleanability of petroleum oil residues.

C) Synthetic fluids are non-petroleum-based oils and typically contain water-soluble short-chain carboxylic acids, water-soluble polyalkylene glycols and water-soluble EO / PO block copolymers, furthermore as optional water soluble corrosion inhibitors for corrosion inhibition and pH buffering capacity Alkanolamines, and mixtures of very high levels of water. Synthetic metalworking compositions C) have the advantage of not having a cleaning problem of petroleum oils, having excellent water hardness stability and microbial control, and having a long sump life. However, drawbacks of existing synthetic metalworking compositions include the problem of washing residues caused by the lubricating additive typically added, the problem of reduced lubricity when compared to petroleum-based oil-containing products on an equivalent cost basis, increased sump and mechanical retention Corrosion problems, and potential for skin irritation to workers.

D) Neo-synthetic fluids use vegetable oils and / or animal oils instead of petroleum oils and typically contain any emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, alkanolamine and water content. However, neo-synthetic fluids typically have only a medium and high lubricity, with the disadvantage that emulsions are usually very unstable and very often bacterial growth is present.

In the state of the art, various metalworking compositions are petroleum oil based dispersions, or emulsions of water and oils. Today, more than 80% of metal working is performed with a petroleum-based oil-rich metal working composition. However, the content of petroleum oils in any metalworking composition causes several problems: 1) lower cooling effect due to poor heat conduction, 2) possible microbial growth and harm to workers, 3) problems that petroleum oils cause misting and residue that are difficult to clean and separate, 4) waste problems and environmentally unfriendly problems, and 5) water hardness can affect emulsion stability. Accordingly, there is a need to develop more oil-free oil-based metalworking compositions. Thus, the industry is changing to use aqueous metalworking compositions.

Some of these are very dangerous compounds and are environmentally unfriendly, some of which cause high volatile organic content (VOC), and some of which may cause skin and body irritation and illness And it has the same disadvantages as that. Furthermore, these compounds can cause a strong odor.

The lubricity and stability of synthetic non-petroleum oil metalworking compositions on the market are still quite limited. The industry is still looking for better products with better lubricity, better, longer lasting stability, lower risk compounds.

In addition, the metalworking composition must be able to isolate and remove debris, contaminants, and oils from the metallic components and provide good corrosion protection for all metallic components. However, further, such a composition is usually a micro-emulsion or a macro-emulsion, which needs to be stable without separating the emulsion as possible, and at the same time as a concentrate, It is necessary to be stable as a diluent obtained by diluting the concentrate with water. As metal working becomes more extreme, higher concentrations of metalworking compositions must be applied. For metal working operations in relaxed conditions, such as grinding, a diluent for a metalworking composition of 5% by weight would suffice. For medium extreme conditions of metal working, a diluent for 10 to 15% by weight of the metalworking composition should be used. Furthermore, such compositions need to be non-foaming or low foaming compositions when used in any metal working operations. And, these compositions should be more environmentally friendly. While some amine-containing metal working compositions have been used in the past few years because amines and especially alkanolamines have been found to aid in bio-resistance, corrosion inhibition and emulsion stability, some amines are very toxic and also have high volatile organic compounds (VOC) Belongs. Formulations of aqueous metal working compositions that do not use any amine are much more difficult. Due to the universal application of one metalworking composition, a full range of property and risk compensation is expected.

As described below, the present invention is directed to an aqueous metal working composition that provides very good lubricity and very good stability to all kinds of metallic materials without the aid of any petroleum-based oils. Different metalworking compositions were tested for aluminum-based metallic materials and steel, and in order for these tested materials to meet a multi-metal purpose, a majority of the different metallic materials (although not all types of metallic materials ). Thus, the metalworking compositions of the present invention are compatible with, and non-corrosive to, a wide variety of metals and alloys. This removes petroleum oils, dust and debris well from metallic components. It may be environmentally friendly, low foaming, corrosion resistant, recyclable, long-lasting, and resistant to biological growth.

Further, such a composition can be used in cold forming operations, including, for example: welding or seamless tubing, hollow profiles, rods, solid profiles, or slide drawing of wires (combinations of tension and compression conditions (For example, molding under a compression condition), for example ironing and / or deep drawing of a strip, sheet or hollow part to form a hollow part, for example cold extrusion of a hollow or solid part, And / or cold pressing of wire portions forming, for example, coupling elements such as, for example, nuts or screw blanks.

US 7,018,959 B2 discloses a water-based, recyclable metalworking fluid comprising an aqueous solution of a polyalkylene glycol, an alkanolamine, a polyglycol surfactant, a polyol surfactant, a biocide package and a corrosion inhibitor.

Although US 2009/0149359 A1 relates to compositions and components for aqueous metal working compositions, certain details are described only in certain sizes in the examples. The pH of such a composition may be at least 3, but the acidic pH value is acceptable only for aluminum-based metallic materials and is unacceptable for steel. The use of aqueous metal working compositions for steel is much more complicated than for aluminum based metallic materials and usually requires a high pH value. The best properties obtained are disclosed in Sample C, which will also be compared in Table 4 of the present application. The disclosure documents the use of amines and even the use of alkanolamines as well as the use of various other compounds.

The object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly metalworking composition which exhibits high lubricity, high stability and excellent corrosion protection.

Another object of the present application is to provide a composition which is well-suited for metal-working of many-metals. In addition, it is an object to provide a method for producing a stable metal working emulsion.

The properties of the aqueous metalworking compositions based on the teachings of US 2009/0149359 A1 show that these compositions need to be further modified and optimized as shown in Table 4 of the present invention, .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention comprises a concentrate or concentrate diluted with water in a diluent and consists essentially of or consists of a concentrate or diluent:

- a lubricant having at least one hydrophobic aliphatic chain and at least one polar group and having a water solubility at 20 DEG C of less than 0.1 g / l and comprising at least one water-insoluble compound (a) selected from the group of compounds consisting of: 0.002 to 40% by weight of component (a):

(A1) independently of one another, one or more linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated (branched) monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids having 12 to 100 carbon atoms compound,

(A2) independently of each other, linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated compounds of one or more triglycerides,

(A3) a compound (a1) or (a2) having 12 to 5,000 carbon atoms, or at least one derivative of (a1) and (a2)

(A4) independently of each other, one or more linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated, water-insoluble aliphatic alcohols having from 12 to 40 carbon atoms,

Wherein the compound (a) is selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, polymers, co-oligomers and copolymers;

(B) 0.002 to 40% by weight of at least one water-soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (b) having a solubility in water of at least 0.1 g / l at 20 ° C,

(B1) a group consisting of monocarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid, and their alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, their esters and their ethoxylates independently from each other Linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated water-soluble compounds having a chain length of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and having from 4 to 80 carbon atoms,

(B2) boric acid and derivatives thereof,

(B3) imidazole, imidazoline and derivatives thereof,

(B4) thiazole and derivatives thereof, and

(B5) triazole and derivatives thereof;

- from 0.002 to 45% by weight of at least one emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (c) selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, water-miscible or water-dispersible and nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants One or more emulsifiable and dispersible formulations (c);

0.002 to 30% by weight of an alkalinity agent (d) containing at least one alkali-soluble compound (d) selected from the group consisting of hydroxides and carbonates; And

- 0.004 to 99% by weight of the transport component (e), predominantly containing water.

The present invention further relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), in which, first, optional compounds (b) and (d) are added to water, followed by addition of any compound (a) Heating and stirring to a temperature in the range of 30 to 50 DEG C is used, followed by the addition of any other compound, optionally, to the aqueous metalworking composition.

The present invention further relates to a process for the manufacture of a lubricating composition comprising as coolant, as a lubricant and / or as a lubricant and / or as a lubricant, such as bending, blanching, boring, broaching, cooling, cutting, drawing, drilling, forging, grinding, hobbing, honing, hydroforming, For forming, milling, pressing, punching, reaming, cold rolling, hot rolling, sawing, stamping, tapping, threading, turning, or any combination thereof, To a method of using an aqueous metal working composition.

Finally, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of metal-working metal-working compositions comprising the steps of washing, spraying, high-pressure spraying, brushing, flowing, fluting, roll coating, immersion, The present invention relates to a metal working process characterized in that it is carried out by any combination.

Preferably, the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention are low VOCs, which typically means a content of less than 1% by weight volatile organic compounds. A more preferred aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention is at least a zero-VOC, preferably an oil-free oil, preferably a no-alkanolamine or no-amine, at least up to the point of application in the metal working operation, Are not present in any of these compositions.

"VOC" means "volatile organic compounds" and includes praxis petroleum oils and specifically low molecular weight petroleum oils, organic solvents, and alkanolamines. In various embodiments, the most preferred metalworking composition is virtually no amine at least from the metal working operation to its point of application, or no amine is intentionally added during the formulation and manufacture of the metalworking composition. In a rare embodiment, the metalworking composition of the present application may be used in a total content ranging from 0.01 to less than 5% by weight, or in an amount such that EPA24, a test method of the US Environmental Protection Agency, does not allow for the detection of VOC content Amine or alkylamine or oil content, or any combination thereof. However, in reality, in the case where a small amount of amine is contained in any raw material which is a mixture, or there are impurities in the process, or when the metal working composition is used or recycled for a long period of time or any combination thereof, Sometimes you can not avoid. VOCs tested in accordance with EPA24 are nonetheless nonetheless often detectable in most cases by the detection of VOC content, even though there is a low content of amines such as alkanolamines or alkylamines, or any other amine based on the material, or oils, In the United States. Next, there is sometimes no need to be non-amine, no-alkanolamine, no-petroleum oil or no-oil or any such combination. Furthermore, it is preferred that the aqueous metalworking composition, at least up to its application, does not have any ammonium and ammonia content. Preferably, the composition is substantially or completely free of organic solvents, strongly acidic compounds, waxes, chlorinated fatty acids and esters thereof having a chain length of C12 or less, and / or heavy metals such as chromium and nickel.

Preferably, the composition has a pH in the range of 5 to 14, more preferably in the range of 7 to 13.5, or 8 to 13, or 9 to 12, or 10 to 11, in the concentrated composition as well as in the diluted composition. However, even at a pH of greater than 13, there is no technical problem with the metalworking composition. Thus, most compositions are weakly alkaline or strongly alkaline. Alkalinity may be required for corrosion protection, emulsification and emulsion stability, and bio-stability. Each of the pH values indicative of the degree of alkalinity does not usually affect the stability or lubricity of the aqueous metal working composition. In the case of low pH, this can cause corrosion and rust on parts and machines, and can lead to bacterial growth. The alkalinity of the composition is mostly caused by the addition of one or more compounds of the alkaline agent (d). Low alkalinity corresponds to low pH. At a pH of from 5 to 6, the composition can have excellent lubricity, especially for aluminum-based metallic parts, but can have very poor corrosion protection. Any pH value significantly below the optimum value may increase the risk of phase separation of the metalworking emulsion and may therefore lead to incompatible lubrication activity. At a pH of 13 to 14, the composition may have excellent corrosion resistance and good lubricity in metallic materials that do not exhibit alkaline attack, but aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof can be dissolved at a pH of greater than 12. The best results are usually obtained at a pH in the range of 7 to 10.

Independently of each other, the ionic form, the unstable or stable form, the hypothetical form, the unconverted form of any other chemical species defined by the number and type of atoms present and / or any reacted form , And chemical compounds as compounds with well-defined molecules can be applied to aqueous metal working compositions.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of each class of compounds from components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) in a concentrate or a dilution of the concentrate with water in a diluent To aqueous metal working compositions.

The most essential component of the composition according to the present invention is its predominantly lubricous imparting component (a), which mainly contains a lubricity imparting compound. Preferably, the compound (a) is water-insoluble. Usually, compound (a) additionally comprises excellent corrosion resistance and good emulsification.

There are several different ways to add a lubricity imparting mixture or to make a lubricity imparting mixture. Preferably, however, each of the vegetable oil and the animal oil contains a mixture of very different carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Such oil (s) may be independently purified, smelted, conditioned, chemically modified, synthesized, or produced by any combination thereof. In addition, one or more specific compounds (a), or one or more chemicals with compound (a) as the main compound, optionally any other compound (a) are added to the metalworking composition. In most cases, two, three or four different chemical products each having compound (a) as two, three, or four different specific compounds (a), or their main compounds, are added to the metalworking composition Lt; / RTI > This can provide an opportunity for synergistic characterization.

Preferably, from 0.1 to 36% by weight, or from 0.3 to 32% by weight, or from 0.7 to 28% by weight, or from 1 to 1% by weight of the hydrophobic lubricant (a) To 24% by weight, or from 1.5 to 20% by weight, or from 2 to 17% by weight, or from 3 to 14% by weight, or from 4 to 12% by weight, or from 5 to 10% by weight, or from 6 to 8% do. When a lower content of component (a) is present, the metalworking composition may not be effective, but it may not usually be a stable composition when it has a higher content.

The compound of component (a) is selected from the group of compounds consisting of compound (a1), (a2), (a3) and / or (a4). Most preferred compounds (a) are any of compounds (a1), (a2) and / or (a3) which may optionally be assisted by the addition of any compound A.

In most embodiments, the metalworking composition is, independently from each other, a linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated compound of a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid and a polycarboxylic acid, Independently of one another, at least one compound (a1) having 12 to 100 carbon atoms. Which may additionally have one or more aromatic groups.

Preferably, the compound (a1) is a fatty acid. More preferred compounds are those selected from the group consisting of lauric acid / dodecanoic acid, myristic acid / tetradecanoic acid / misteroleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid / hexadecanoic acid / palmitoleic acid / hexadecapolenic acid, Oleic acid, linoleic acid / linolenic acid / octadecatetraenoic acid, arachidic acid / valoleic acid / eicosadienic acid / arachidonic acid / icosapentaenoic acid / linolenic acid / , Heneicosanoic acid, behenic acid / docosanoic acid / erucic acid / docosa polyenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lignoceric acid, and derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof. Is selected. Each of its derivatives belonging to the carboxylic acid (a1) and the compound (a3) preferably has 12 to 26 or 16 to 22 carbon atoms per chain.

More preferred bases include, for example, oleic acid or similar compounds (a1), which are contained in essential amounts in, for example, rapeseed oil, pajama oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, do. Such compounds preferably have 14 to 56, or 16 to 50, or 18 to 46, or 20 to 42, or 22 to 38, or 24 to 34, or 26 to 32 carbon atoms . Particularly preferred derivatives are condensation products of esters and fatty acids having from 14 to 120, or from 18 to 100, or from 24 to 80 carbon atoms. Such compounds may not be effective in terms of lubricity when the number of carbon atoms in such oils or compounds is less than 12 per chain, but if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 24 per chain, the metalworking composition may not be a stable composition have.

For example, oleic acid has 18 carbon atoms. For example, pajamas oil contains about 85 to 95% by weight of ricinolic acid, also having 18 carbon atoms. The total number of carbon atoms in the pajama oil is usually about 57, because the pajama oil is present as a triglyceride on which the ester can be based on one glycerol unit with three ricinoleic acid units. Another common vegetable oil that can be used as a lubricating additive is rapeseed oil. Usually, about 41% by weight of rapeseed oil is erucic acid. The total number of carbon atoms in triglyceride of erucic acid is 69.

The aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention preferably comprise one or more triglycerides (a2) having from 30 to 140 carbon atoms, independently of one another, linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated compounds, Derivative (a3), or both.

In some embodiments, the metalworking composition contains, independently from each other, at least one compound (a2), which is a linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated compound of one or more triglycerides.

Preferably, said one or more triglycerides (a2) are each independently selected from triglycerides having 24 to 80 carbon atoms.

Preferably, such compounds have 36 to 2,000, or 42 to 1,000, or 48 to 800 carbon atoms. A particularly preferred derivative (a3) thereof is an ester. If the number of carbon atoms in the molecule is less than 30, such compounds may not be effective in terms of lubricity, but if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 5,000, the metalworking composition may not be a stable composition.

The triglycerides independently of one another represent the same or different side chains, and the fatty acids of the triglycerides independently of one another have a "medium chain length" or "long chain length". Such chains are referred to as "intermediate chain lengths" or "long chain lengths" when the chains each independently contain 6 to 12 carbon atoms, 14 to 24 carbon atoms. Triglycerides are esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. It is a major component of vegetable oils and animal fats. Specific examples of unsaturated fat triglycerides are based on glycerol and on the other hand palmitic acid, oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, C ₅₅ H ₉₈ O ₆ . Triglyceride is a triester of glycerin. Some of the preferred non-water-soluble triglycerides (a2) are triglycerides of three identical carboxylic acids, or of two or three different carboxylic acids, in particular oleic acid, stearic acid, ricinolic acid, erucic acid, Is a triglyceride of triester based on sialic acid and / or lauric acid.

In some embodiments, the metalworking composition is a derivative of compound (a1) or (a2), or both, and contains, independently of each other, at least one compound (a3) having 12 to 5,000 carbon atoms.

Preferred derivatives (a3) are those which contain a chlorinated or sulfided derivative (which may optionally also be used as an extreme pressure additive), an ester, an ether, an ethoxylate, an ethoxylate-propoxylate, a propoxylate, an alkali metal salt, / RTI > and / or ricinoleic acid. More preferred derivatives are esters, ethoxylates, ethoxylate-propoxylates and / or propoxylates. Preferably, the derivative has from 14 to 170, or from 16 to 130, or from 18 to 100, or from 20 to 70, or from 22 to 52, or from 24 to 42 carbon atoms. Specific examples of such derivatives are ricinolic acid ester and polymeric ricinoleic acid ester, and the polymeric ricinoleic acid ester may be a condensation product of about four molecules. As an example for triglycerides, ethoxylated pajama oil, pajama oil, each having 12 to 120 carbon atoms can be used.

The aqueous metal working compositions of the present invention preferably comprise one or more water-insoluble aliphatic alcohols having 14 to 36, or 16 to 32 carbon atoms, independently of one another, linear and / or branched, saturated and / (a4), or one or more derivatives thereof (a4), or any combination thereof.

The water-insoluble aliphatic alcohol and / or its derivative has at least one OH group, preferably one or two or three OH groups. Preferably, they have 14 to 28, or 16 to 24, or 18 to 22 carbon atoms. Although there are three OH groups, they are water-insoluble. These compounds may not be effective in terms of lubricity when the number of carbon atoms in the water-insoluble aliphatic alcohol is less than 12, but when the number of carbon atoms exceeds 40, the metal working composition may not be a stable composition.

In some embodiments, the metalworking composition comprises at least one compound (a4), independently of one another, linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated, water-insoluble alcohols and independently of one another having from 12 to 40 carbon atoms, .

The water-insoluble polyalcohol (a4) represents a molecule containing three or more hydroxyl moieties and three or more carbon atoms, preferably 10 or less, or 6, or 4, or 3 hydroxyl moieties And further preferably contains up to 10, or 6, or 4, or 3 carbon atoms. Some of the preferred water-insoluble aliphatic alcohols (a4) are selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol (dodecanol, 1-dodecanol), myristyl alcohol (1-tetradecanol), pentadecyl alcohol (1-pentadecanol, ), Cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol), oleyl alcohol (cis-9-octadecen-1-ol), and ricinoleyl alcohol (12-hydroxy-9-octadecen-1-ol).

All such compounds (a) are selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, polymers, co-oligomers and copolymers.

Preferably, the lubricity imparting compound (s) (a) has a water solubility at 20 占 폚 of less than 0.05 g / l, or less than 0.001 g / l. Since the specific cations present in the salt of the compound (a) are not considered to have any significant effect on the performance obtained, the concentration of the cations is not further specified. Preferably, such cations are selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. As the cation, sodium and potassium are most preferable, but other cations can also be used. The degree of neutralization or ionization of an acid or salt may vary depending on the method of preparation, dilution or application of the actual metalworking composition. All these different conditions are within the ordinary scope of the present invention.

Another essential component of the composition according to the invention is component (b) comprising at least one water-soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (b). Preferably, the metalworking composition contains from 0.002 to 30% by weight of component (b) comprising at least one water soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (b) having a solubility in water of more than 0.1 g / l at 20 占 폚. More preferred water-soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (s) (b) have a water solubility at 20 DEG C of greater than 0.5 g / l, or greater than 1 g / l or greater than 5 g / l. The water-soluble compound (b) contributes to the bio-stability of the aqueous metal working composition. The water-soluble compounds (b1) and (b3) to (b5) can help improve the stability of the emulsion in metalworking compositions.

Preferably, the component (b) or the at least one compound (b) is 0.1 to 36 wt%, or 0.3 to 32 wt%, or 0.7 to 28 wt%, or 1 to 24 wt% By weight, or from 1.5 to 20% by weight, or from 2 to 17% by weight, or from 3 to 14% by weight, or from 4 to 12% by weight, or from 5 to 10% by weight, or from 6 to 8% by weight. Component (b) may not be effective when the content of at least one corrosion inhibiting compound (b) in the metalworking composition is too low, but when the content is too high, the metalworking composition may not be a stable composition. In most cases, two, three or four different chemical compounds each having compound (b) as two, three or four different specific compounds (b), or their main compounds, are added to the metalworking composition Lt; / RTI > Preferably, the corrosion inhibiting component (b) contains two or more, or three or more, or four or more different compounds (b) in particular to optimize corrosion protection. Such a mixture of corrosion inhibiting compounds can greatly improve the corrosion-preventive effect, without the addition of too much of such a mixture. Such a mixture can provide an opportunity for a synergistic character effect.

Preferably, the metalworking composition comprises at least one corrosion inhibiting compound (b) selected from the group consisting of (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4) Lt; / RTI >

(B1) carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof,

(B2) boric acid and derivatives thereof,

(B3) imidazoles, imidazolines, and derivatives thereof,

(B4) thiazole and derivatives thereof, and

(B5) triazoles and derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the metalworking composition comprises, independently of one another, linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated water soluble compounds, independently of one another having from 4 to 80 carbon atoms and having a chain length of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms At least one compound (b1). More preferred compounds (b1) independently of each other have 6 to 10, or 6 to 8, carbon atoms per aliphatic chain. The compound (b1) is selected from the group consisting of a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid and a polycarboxylic acid, and an ester thereof, as well as an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt thereof. Preferably, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and / or derivatives thereof are used. For example, the water solubility of C8-monocarboxylic acid (caprylic acid) in water is 0.7 g / l at 20 占 폚.

Preferred compounds (b2) are salts thereof such as boric acid, alkali metal salts thereof and alkaline earth metal salts thereof, and boric acid esters. The boron compound (b2) may also help bio-stability.

Preferred compounds (b3) are imidazoles, imidazolines, and their esters and salts, especially their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, for example benzimidazoles and their salts.

Preferred thiazoles and derivatives thereof (b4) include, in particular, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and esters thereof, for example, benzothiazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, and their salts and esters.

Preferred thiazoles and derivatives thereof (b5) are, in particular, salts and esters thereof, such as benzotriazole, tolyltriazole C ₇ H ₇ N ₃ and derivatives thereof, as well as alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts And esters.

The most preferred compound (b) is any of compounds (b1), (b2) and / or (b5).

Another essential component of the composition according to the invention is component (c) which contains at least one emulsifiable and / or dispersible compound (c). Preferably, the metalworking composition is selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, water-miscible or water-dispersible, non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants, and in some cases may be at least one emulsifiable 0.002 to 45% by weight of one or more emulsifiable and dispersible formulations (c) containing the active ingredient (s) and / or the dispersible compound (c). Since components (a) and (b) are usually hydrophobic, the composition can be separated into droplets or larger droplets or layers, or any combination thereof, unless an emulsifying and dispersing agent is added.

The metalworking composition may not be effective when a lower content of component (c) is used, but it may not usually be a stable composition when more content is used. Preferably, the emulsifiable and dispersible preparation (c) is 0.01 to 40 wt%, or 0.05 to 35 wt%, or 0.1 to 32 wt%, or 0.5 to 25 wt%, independently, in the case of a concentrate or diluent, , Or 1 to 20 wt%, or 3 to 15 wt%, or 5 to 12 wt%, based on the total weight of the metalworking composition.

Preferably, the emulsifiable and dispersible agent (c) is selected from any surfactant having an HLB in the range of 1 to 40, or 6 to 24, or 8 to 16, or 10 to 12. Preferably, each emulsifiable and / or dispersible compound (c) has an HLB value in the range of 1 to 40, or 6 to 24, or 8 to 16, or 10 to 12. Preferably, the emulsifiable and dispersible formulations (c) contain two or more, or more than two, or four or more different compounds (c), in particular to obtain a broad distribution of HLBs in one composition. The combination of such different compounds (c) provides an opportunity for synergistic effects.

If the aqueous metal working composition has an insufficient emulsifying effect, the emulsion can be easily separated into two or more layers with each other. If the aqueous metalworking composition has an improper emulsifying effect, for example due to a wrong range of HLB, despite the addition of a high content of compound (s) (c), the emulsion can easily be separated into two or more layers from each other. If the aqueous metalworking composition has too high an emulsifying effect, the emulsion can have significantly lower lubricity, be more foamy, and have insufficient corrosion inhibiting effect.

Preferably, the at least one emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (c) is selected from the group of nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants comprising:

(C1) alkyl alcohols,

(C2) an alkyl phenol,

(C3) alkanoic acids, fatty acids, ether carboxylates and / or other organic acids,

(C4) block and random copolymers,

(C5) an alkyl polyglucoside,

(C6) an anionic surfactant having at least one sulfate group or sulfonate group,

(C7) ether sulfate,

(C8) ether phosphate,

(C9) a phosphate ester,

(C10) monoglycerides,

(C11) triglyceride,

(C12) fatty amines,

(C13) sorbitan and derivatives thereof,

(C14) succinic acid and derivatives thereof, and

Containing derivatives of these surfactants (c1) to (c14).

Preferably, such surfactants are selected such that, independently of one another, the terminal groups are not capped or are ethoxylated or ethoxylated-propoxylated, with terminal group capping.

More preferred one or more emulsifiable and / or dispersible compounds (c) are selected from the group of nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants comprising:

(c1) ethoxylated alkyl alcohols, ethoxylated propoxylated alkyl alcohols, end-capped ethoxylated alkyl alcohols and end-capped ethoxylated-propoxylated alkyl alcohols (especially where the alkyl group of the alkyl alcohol is saturated or unsaturated Having an average number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 24 and having a linear or branched chain structure;

(c2) an ethoxylated alkylphenol, an ethoxylated-propoxylated alkylphenol, an end-capped ethoxylated alkylphenol and an end-capped ethoxylated-propoxylated alkylphenol, especially alkylphenol alkylated with saturated or unsaturated ) Have an average number of carbon atoms in the range of from 4 to 18 and have a linear or branched chain structure;

(c3) ethoxylated or ethoxylated or ethoxylated-propoxylated alkanoic acids, such as ethoxylated or ethoxylated propoxylated fatty acids and / or other ethoxylated or ethoxylated propoxylated organic acids, The alkyl acid has an average number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 24 and has an alkyl radical (saturated, unsaturated and / or cyclic) having a linear or branched chain structure;

(c4) a block copolymer containing at least one polyethylene oxide block and at least one polypropylene oxide block as well as a random copolymer, in particular a block copolymer comprising a polyethylene oxide block comprising an average number of 2 to 100 ethylene oxide units , And an average number of 2 to 100 propylene oxide units, optionally, the molecules contain one or more polyethylene oxide blocks or polypropylene oxide blocks independently of one another, wherein such block copolymers May also contribute to the lubricity of the composition, where such block copolymers may also sometimes have bubble and defoaming properties);

(c5) alkylpolyglycosides having an average number of carbon atoms in the range of from 4 to 18 and a linear or branched chain structure, wherein the alkyl groups (saturated or unsaturated) have at least one sugar in an average of from 1 to 5 units, (Optionally, the unit of sugar (s) is coupled glucosidically to an alkyl group, wherein the term "sugar" is understood to include all saccharides and all other sugar-like compounds);

(c6) an anionic surfactant in which the alkyl group (saturated or unsaturated) has an average number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 24 and a linear or branched chain structure (optionally, the alkyl moiety has at least one aromatic group, Wherein the alkyl alcohol chain preferably has an average number of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the benzene is preferably included as an aromatic group;

(c7) ethoxylated alkyl alcohols or ether sulfates in which the ethoxylated propoxylated alkyl alcohols have a sulfate group, in particular the alkyl groups of the alkyl alcohols (saturated or unsaturated) have an average number of carbon atoms in the range of 4 to 24 and linear or branched Wherein the ethylene oxide chain has an average number of ethylene oxide units of 2 to 30 and further optionally the propylene oxide chain has an average number of propylene oxide units of from 1 to 25 wherein the alkyl moiety Optionally having one or more aromatic and / or phenolic groups;

(c8) ethoxylated alkyl alcohols or ether phosphates in which the ethoxylated propoxylated alkyl alcohols have phosphate groups, in particular the alkyl groups of the alkyl alcohols (saturated or unsaturated) have an average number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 24 and linear or branched Wherein the ethylene oxide chain optionally has an average number of ethylene oxide units of from 2 to 30 and optionally the propylene oxide chain has an average number of from 1 to 25 propylene oxide units wherein the alkyl moiety is optionally Having at least one aromatic group and / or phenolic group);

(c9) phosphate esters having one or two alkyl groups (saturated or unsaturated) independently of each other having an average number of carbon atoms in the range of from 4 to 24, and a linear or branched chain structure Or more of the aromatic groups and / or phenolic groups, wherein there is one phosphate group present in the molecule)

(c10) an ethoxylated monoglyceride with ethoxylation, propoxylation, ethoxylation-propoxylation, or in particular a closed end group, wherein such monoglycerides also sometimes have bubble and defoaming properties );

(c11) ethoxylated, propoxylated, ethoxylated-propoxylated, or especially ethoxylated triglycerides with closed terminal groups;

(c12) fatty amines, and fatty amines which are ethoxylated, propoxylated, ethoxylated-propoxylated or especially ethoxylated with a closed end group;

(c13) sorbitan ethoxylated, propoxylated, ethoxylated-propoxylated, or ethoxylated sorbitan with closed end groups, and sorbitan esters, including, for example, polysorbates, sorbitan oleates, Sorbitan derivatives;

(c14) esters and salts of succinic acid, and succinic and succinic acids, including, for example, alkyl succinates, hydrogensuccinates, sulfosuccinates, succinamates, sulfosuccinamates and derivatives thereof. derivative; And

Herein, derivatives of the compounds of (c1) to (c12) are also included in this chemical class.

Preferably, the emulsive compound or dispersible compound or both (c) is a nonionic surfactant having from 1 to 20 units of the sum of EO groups, or a nonionic surfactant having from 2 to 40 units of the sum of EO and PO groups Lt; / RTI > surfactants. The higher the number of EO groups, the closer to the emulsion, and the smaller the number of EO groups, the closer to the dispersant.

The one or more emulsifiable and / or dispersible compounds (c) may assist in the dispersion of the second phase in the aqueous phase, the distribution of the solid particles, the stabilization of the dispersion and, if necessary, the formation of an emulsion. The term dispersion may include the emulsions and solutions herein. Most preferred such compounds (c) are used as emulsifiers or dispersants, or both. Thus, in various embodiments, it may be helpful to add two or more different surfactants, one of which acts primarily as an emulsifier, and the one or more remainders, each acting primarily as a dispersant, each acting as a defoamer. This can provide an opportunity for synergistic characterization.

Furthermore, it is necessary to add an alkaline agent (d) containing at least one alkali-soluble compound (d). Alkaline formulations also contribute to the higher stability and corrosion resistance of the emulsion, and usually to bio-stability. Alkalinity helps to make the anionic surfactant more stable, for example.

If the metalworking composition does not become sufficiently alkaline, the emulsion will not be sufficiently stable, resulting in low lubricity or even loss of lubricity, followed by low corrosion resistance and also low microbial resistance. And, a metalworking composition having better corrosion prevention can cause a situation in which the emulsion does not work. If the alkylation is too high, the worker's skin may be irritated. In some embodiments, it is preferred that the aqueous metalworking composition should not have a pH above 12, but the concentrate may be much more alkaline. In some embodiments, the pH of about 14 is not interrupted.

Preferably, the metalworking composition contains from 0.002 to 30% by weight of the alkaline agent (d), which comprises at least one water-soluble compound (d1) selected from the group consisting of hydroxides and carbonates. Nevertheless, in a rare embodiment, the primary alkanolamines such as amino-methylpropanol AMP, diglycolamine DGA, methanolamine MEA, and monoisopropylamine MIPA, diethanolamine DEA and diisopropanolamine DIPA and N -Butylethanolamine nBEA, tertiary alkanolamines such as triethanolamine TEA and n-butyldiethanolamine nBDEA, and alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and dicyclic hexylamine DCHA A small amount of alkanolamine or a small amount of alkylamine or both (d2), which may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl amines having the same 1 to 3 OH groups, may even be added.

Such content of alkanolamine or alkylamine or both is preferably in the range of less than 0.01 to 5% by weight, or less than 0.1 to 2% by weight, or 0.2 to 0.8% by weight. Preferably, the alkaline agent (d) is contained in the range of 0.01 to 25% by weight, or 0.1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 15% by weight, or 3 to 12% by weight.

Although corrosion inhibition may be insufficient when a lower content of alkaline agent (d) is present, lubrication may also be lowered in the presence of higher contents, and alkali susceptible metallic materials may be chemically attacked and dissolved have. Preferably, at least one alkaline compound (d) is added in an amount sufficient to reach a predetermined pH value.

A more preferred alkaline agent (d) is a mixture of a hydroxide of a alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal (d1) and a carbonate, for example, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or And mixtures thereof. Sodium and potassium compounds are the most preferred alkaline agents. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many other alkaline agents can be used as alternatives to these. However, for example, the amounts of alkanolamine and / or generally all types of amines can cause high VOC, irritation of the human skin involved in contacting such compositions, and can produce a strong odor. Thus, alkanolamines and / or usually all types of amines are undesirable.

Finally, a transport component (e), which contains water predominantly, i. E. Containing at least 0.004 to 99% by weight, or 0.01 to 95% by weight of water, must be added to the mixture. A predominantly, predominantly, almost, completely, or solely water-containing liquid compound is contained in the metalworking composition as transport component (e) or as water. Typically, the metalworking composition has a petroleum-based oil content of up to about 60% by weight, far exceeding 5% by weight. In the present invention, as the content up to the application point for the metal working thereof, preferably, the content of petroleum oil is not added at all, or only 1 wt% or less to 3 wt% or less is added to the metalworking composition. Non-petroleum oil metalworking compositions are particularly preferred, wherein the composition may be contaminated with any petroleum-based oil by its use in any metalworking operation only. In such a situation, the metalworking composition will usually be only a petroleum-based oil until the first application. In the absence of a petroleum-based oil content, the composition is zero VOC in various embodiments; Typically, in most conventional metalworking compositions, the compositions are all alkanolamines such as triethanolamine, organic solvents, petroleum oils, and low molecular weight petroleum oils (such as triethanolamine, which cause medium or generally high values of volatile organic compounds Based on the total weight of the composition.

In a rare embodiment, the transport component (e) may even comprise a small amount of an organic solvent such as an alcohol. The aqueous metal working composition can not contain more than 1% by weight of alcohol. However, mainly such a solvent is not intentionally added, but may be contained in the raw material or is an impurity in the process. It has been found that when any amount of petroleum-based oil or organic solvent is added, most compositions are unstable and require different types of emulsions. On the other hand, since it is desirable to be non-VOC and highly environmentally friendly, it is preferable to use a petroleum oil in an amount exceeding 5 wt%, or more than 3 wt%, or more than 1 wt%, or any content of any organic solvent, Or amount (depending on the use and conditions of the metalworking composition).

The aqueous metal working composition of the present invention is such that at least 98% by weight of the transport component (e) is water, which is calculated so that the total transport component (e) is less than or equal to 100% by weight. In some embodiments, the water content of the shipping component (e) may be lower, such as, for example, at least 75% by weight. In such a rare embodiment, the shipping component (e) contains up to 20% by weight of alcohol or up to 5% by weight of petroleum based oils, or up to 20% by weight of alcohol and up to 5% by weight of petroleum based oils. However, in most embodiments, the water content of the carrier formulation (e) is higher, such as greater than 99% by weight. It is generally desirable to avoid the use of any organic solvents, especially solvents that are classified as flammable solvents and volatile organic compounds.

(E) in the metalworking composition is preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, or from 1 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, or from 20 to 60% by weight %. Usually, the content thereof in the concentrate is in the range of 30 to 50% by weight, or 35 to 45% by weight. Such compositions typically exhibit a pH in the range of 6 to 13, or 7 to 12. Of course, the concentrate need not be diluted before its use.

Specifically, metalworking compositions having a pH in the range of from 5 to 14 of the following low-VOC or zero-VOC, petroleum-based oils, and most or always free alkanolamines are the preferred formulations:

- a lubricant comprising at least one water-insoluble compound (a) having at least one hydrophobic chain and at least one polar group and having a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g / l at 20 DEG C and selected from the group consisting of: 0.01 to 35% by weight of component (a):

(A1) independently of one another, one or more linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated (branched) monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids having 12 to 100 carbon atoms compound,

(A3) at least one derivative of the compound (a1) having 12 to 5,000 carbon atoms, and

(A4) independently of one another at least one linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated, water-insoluble aliphatic alcohol having from 12 to 40 carbon atoms,

Wherein the compound (a) is selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, polymers, co-oligomers and copolymers;

0.01 to 35% by weight of component (b) having a solubility in water of more than 0.1 g / l at 20 DEG C and comprising at least one water-soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (b) selected from the group consisting of:

(B1) a compound consisting of a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid and a polycarboxylic acid, and an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, an ester thereof and an ethoxylate thereof, Linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated water soluble compounds having a chain length of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 4 to 80 carbon atoms,

(B2) boric acid and derivatives thereof,

(B3) imidazoles, imidazolines, and derivatives thereof,

(B4) thiazole and derivatives thereof, and

(B5) triazole and derivatives thereof;

- from 0.01 to 40% by weight of at least one emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (c) selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, water-miscible or water-dispersible, nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants One or more emulsifiable and dispersible formulations (c);

0.01 to 25% by weight of an alkaline agent (d) containing at least one alkali-soluble compound (d1) selected from the group consisting of hydroxides and carbonates; And

From 0.01 to 98% by weight of a transport component (e) consisting essentially of water or consisted only of water, and

Optionally, one or more optional lubricity imparting component A or lubricity imparting compound A, which is a vegetable oil, animal oil, ethoxylated, propoxylated or ethoxylated-propoxylated derivative, or any combination thereof, (However, its content is contained in the metalworking composition of the present invention in the range of from 1 to 200% by weight of the content of component (a)).

The diluted composition is prepared by adding water. This "diluent" preferably contains 20 to 99.5 wt%, or 30 to 99 wt%, or more preferably 40 to 98 wt%, 50 to 96 wt%, 60 to 94 wt% , Or from 80 to 90% by weight of water. They usually exhibit a pH in the range of 6.5 to 11.

The weight ratio of the compound of component (a) to the compound of component (b) or the weight ratio of the compound of component (a) to the compound of component (c) Preferably in the range of 1: (0.2 to 5), or in the range of 1: (0.3 to 3), or in the range of 1: (0.5 to 2), or in the range of 1: (0.8 to 1.5) 0.8 to 1.3), or 1: (0.9 to 1), or almost 1: 1. Preferably, the same weight ratios as above are applied in terms of the weight ratio of the compound of component (b) to the compound of component (c) or the weight ratio of the compound of component (b) to the compound of component (d). Preferably, in the weight ratio of the compound of component (c) to the compound of component (d), the same weight ratios as above are applied.

Preferably, the aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention comprises a compound of component (a): a compound of component (b) in the range of 1: (0.1 to 10) :( 0.01 to 30) Weight ratio.

Preferably the weight ratio of the compound of component (a) to the compound of component (b) to the compound of component (c) is in the range of 1: (0.2 to 5) :( 0.05 to 12) (0.3 to 3): (0.1 to 5) or 1: (0.5 to 2): (0.2 to 3), or 1: (0.8 to 1.5) : (0.8 to 1.3): (0.8 to 1.3), or 1: (0.9 to 1): (0.9 to 1), or almost 1: 1: 1. Preferably, the weight ratio of the compound of component (a) to the compound of component (b) to the compound of component (c) to the compound of component (d) is preferably 1: (0.2 to 5) ): (0.05 to 5) or 1: (0.3 to 3): (0.1 to 5): (0.1 to 2) (0.8 to 1.3): (0.8 to 1.3): (0.3 to 1.1), or in the range of 1: (0.8 to 1.5) :( 0.3 to 1.8) (0.9 to 1): (0.9 to 1): (0.4 to 1).

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to provide a single phase formulation or two phase formulations, the components of the composition are selected and their relative proportions and concentrations adjusted.

The diluted composition comprises 80 to 0.5 wt.%, 70 to 1 wt.%, 60 to 2 wt.%, 50 to 4 wt.%, 40 to 6 wt.%, 30 to 8 wt.%, Or more preferably 20 to 10 wt. Having a total content of the compound (a) with respect to the compound (d).

Table 1 discloses some examples showing more desirable changes in the content in concentrate and diluent.

Table 1: Example of the content of different components in some concentrates and diluents according to the invention ((e) consisted solely of water)

A more preferred metalworking composition comprises, or consists essentially of, the following amounts of components in the concentrate:

(A1), (a2), (a3) and / or (a4) present in an amount ranging from 10 to 20%

(B1), (b2), (b3), (b4) and / or (b5) present in an amount of 5 to 10%

(C2), (c3), (c4), (c5), (c6), (c7), (c8), (c9), (c10), ), (c11), (c12), (c13) and / or (c14)

(D1) and optionally also (d2) present in an amount ranging from 5 to 15% by weight,

(E) present in an amount ranging from 70 to 25% by weight, and optionally A to D present in a total content of zero or in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight.

A more preferred metalworking composition comprises, in a diluent, a component of the following relative weight content or essentially consisting of a component of the following relative weight content, or consists only of the following relative weight content components: (a) : (A): (b): (c): (d) of the ratio of (d) of (1) to (2) And the remainder are components selected from the group consisting of (e) (especially present in an amount ranging from 95 to 30% by weight), and optionally from A to D.

The aqueous metal working composition of the present invention may exhibit different characteristics depending on its particular application and composition. Preferably, the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for many metal purposes and / or are emulsions having an average hydrophobic droplet size of hydrophobic droplets in the range of from 10 to 200 nm, particularly in the concentrate, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 30 < / RTI >

The average droplet size of the metalworking emulsion can be adjusted by varying the amount and type of emulsified compound (s) (c), in particular in the initial stage by varying their HLB value, and 2) depending on the degree of dilution with some water And can be adjusted to the desired droplet size prior to application for metal working using pure water or some hard water for dilution. It is also preferable to adjust the average droplet size to the size of the roughly average roughness Ra of the metallic surface to be metal-worked.

On the other hand, by adjusting the average droplet size, the degree of lubrication, the stability of the emulsion, the degree of foaming, the corrosion resistance and / or the bio-stability are generally influenced to be better or worse. Thus, typically during metal working operations, any emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (s) (c) may be reused (e.g., to control the degree of emulsification and other properties such as, for example, tank side addition) ≪ / RTI >

Preferably, the compositions of the present invention are dispersions, emulsions and / or solutions at 25 占 폚. The most common concentrates and diluents produced therefrom are emulsions. Preferably, at least 95% by weight of the composition is present in liquid form at 25 占 폚.

In the individual compounds of (a) to (d), such compounds may be at room temperature and, for example, in the form of liquids dissolved in water or solids, even if most of them are liquids at room temperature, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 40 C, < / RTI > typically at room temperature. Of course, compounds such as KOH may also be solids, but will readily dissolve in water.

If the composition contains particles such as wax, such particles or more than 90% of such particles are preferably less than 100 nm.

If the composition contains a hydrophobic liquid in the form of droplets, the average droplet size will vary between about 5 nm and about 80 micrometers. It has been found that liquid droplets having an average droplet size greater than 50 microns can cause instability of the metalworking composition and that the composition can be easily separated into two immiscible liquid layers. It has been found that even an average droplet size of more than 30 [mu] m can cause such instability. On the other hand, there may be precipitation of any added material that may precipitate, and such precipitation should be avoided as far as possible.

In most cases, the metalworking composition according to the present invention is an emulsion. Generally, there are two types of emulsions:

1) an emulsion corresponding to a micro-emulsion or a macro-emulsion, preferably exhibiting an average droplet size of from about 100 nm to about 50 microns. Emulsions usually appear to be nearly transparent or translucent at an average droplet size ranging from about 0.1 microns or from about 0.15 microns to about 0.3 microns. If it appears to be lightly milky or almost translucent, it can be called cloudy. It appears to be slightly sharper in the case of average droplet sizes, usually in the range of about 0.3 [mu] m to 1 [mu] m. It usually appears to be an average droplet size in the range of more than 1 μm. However, for stable emulsions, the average droplet size is usually less than 30 microns.

2) Micro-emulsions usually exhibit mean droplet sizes ranging from 5 nm to 150 nm, or from 20 nm to 100 nm. Nonetheless, the concentrate is a translucent micro-emulsion that is usually transparent or looks like a clear solution. Since concentrates that are not transparent micro-emulsions are usually not very stable, the concentrate is preferably a more transparent micro-emulsion.

When the concentrate is clear or translucent it has been found that the concentrate corresponds to a micro-emulsion and is stable. The concentrate may become stable or unstable if the concentrate is turbid or appears to be very turbid or dilated. In the case of a diluent, it is not a problem if the diluent does not look transparent or translucent, but it is a problem if it is cloudy, very turbid or dilated. The diluent may appear transparent or translucent, but this is not required. The diluent need not be a clear or translucent micro- or macro-emulsion.

The aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention is mainly an emulsion corresponding to a micro-emulsion mainly as a concentrate and a diluent mainly as a micro- or macro-emulsion. The diluent is usually a transparent or translucent micro-emulsion or a transparent, turbid, or rather elaborate macro-emulsion with no visually identifiable phase separation in pure water or a water-diluted composition with a Ca content of less than 1200 ppm The stability is shown.

When the amount of component (a) is increased and / or when the amount of component (c) is reduced, sometimes as a macro-emulsion in micro-emulsion; And, conversely, the concentration of the metalworking composition may vary.

When the amount of any of the components (a), (b) and / or (c) is increased or decreased, sometimes the concentration of the metalworking composition can also vary from macro-emulsion to macro-emulsion.

The most preferred metalworking compositions of the present invention comprise a combination of the following components, or consist essentially of the following components, or a combination of the following components: a concentrate preferably a micro-emulsion or even a clear micro-emulsion, (A1) and / or (a3), and (b1) and (c3) and (d1) and (e), which are preferably micro- or macro-emulsions. Each component is represented herein as one or more substances added or contained, added and contained. The most preferred such components are contained in the concentrate according to the following contents: [(a1) and / or (a3)], which are in the total content in the range of 10 to 20% by weight, (b1) (D2) is zero, or 0.05 to 4.8 wt.%, Or 0.1 to 5 wt.% Of a total content of (c1) in the range of 5 to 20 wt.%, Optionally in the range of 5 to 15 wt. (E) in the range of 70 to 25 wt.%, And optionally in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt.%, And (c) an optional component selected from the group consisting of The same ingredients.

Preferably, the emulsion of the concentrate or diluent predominantly exhibits an average droplet size in the range of 10 nm to 50 占 퐉, or more preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 占 퐉. The reasonable range for the average droplet size is usually in the range of 0.15 to 50 microns, or 0.15 microns to 30 microns. When a metalworking composition such as a concentrate is diluted, a true solution, particularly a transparent micro-emulsion having an average droplet size in the range of 5 to 150 nm, or an emulsion (= macro- Emulsion) can be formed.

When the solid particles are contained in the metal working composition, the dispersion (concentrate or diluent) preferably exhibits an average particle size predominantly in the range of 10 nm to 10 μm, or more preferably in the range of 50 nm to 1 μm. Wax, grinding particles and / or wrapping particles may be included as solid compounds that may be present in the metal working composition as the particles. However, such solid particle compounds are rarely used, and typically only used in small amounts.

The term "multi-metal purpose" is intended to mean that the metalworking composition can be applied to two or more different metallic materials, preferably aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zinc, some of these alloys, brass, It has excellent lubricity. In the embodiments of the present application, the lubricity test is performed only on each of the aluminum alloy (s) and steel (s). These tests show good usability for different metallic materials when the lubricity tests on aluminum and steel show good results.

Preferably, the aqueous metal working composition has a viscosity in the range of usually from 0.05 to 10 Pa s, or more preferably from 0.2 to 3 Pa s at 25 ° C.

The composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of optional components A to D, if necessary in a rare embodiment.

The aqueous metal working composition of the present invention may further comprise from 0.002 to 60% by weight of one or more optional compounds, preferably selected from the group of optional components A to D. Component A may be contained in an amount of 0 wt%, or in the range of 0.002 to 30 wt%, or preferably in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%. Component B may be contained in an amount of 0 wt%, or in the range of 0.002 to 5 wt%, or in an amount of 0.1 to 2 wt%. Component C may be contained in an amount of 0% by weight, in the range of 0.002 to 3% by weight, or in the range of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight. Component D may be contained in an amount of 0 wt%, or in the range of 0.002 to 30 wt%, or preferably in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%.

Preferably, the aqueous metal working composition comprises one or more optional lubricity imparting components A, which are vegetable oils, animal oils, ethoxylated, propoxylated or ethoxylated-propoxylated derivatives or any combination thereof, or any portion thereof. Or lubricity imparting compound A, but the content thereof in the metalworking composition of the present invention is only in the range of 1 to 200% by weight of component (a), preferably 20 to 180% by weight, or 40 to 160% by weight %, Or 60 to 140 wt%. The at least one optional lubricity imparting component A or lubricity imparting compound A may be a water soluble, water dispersible, water miscible, or water insoluble compound. Particularly preferred compound A is any vegetable oil or animal oil optionally prepared by refining, smoothing, conditioning, chemically modifying, synthesizing, or any combination thereof, or both Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > ethoxylated < / RTI >

Preferably, the aqueous metalworking composition comprises at least one biocide B, at least one fungicide B, or both.

Preferably, the aqueous metal working composition of the present invention comprises at least one bubble former C and / or at least one defoaming agent C. The optional component C is preferably selected from polyglycols, siloxanes, polysiloxanes, and waxes.

Finally, the content of the organic polymer material may be added or contained in the aqueous metal working composition of the present invention as an optional component D. Such organic polymeric material D may be selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, co-oligomers, polymers based on ionomers and / or copolymers, acrylamides, acrylic acid / methacrylic acid, butanes, epoxides, ethylene, isobutylene, (S) and / or their salts (s), or consist essentially of one or more of the following: polyamide, polyglycerol, polyisobutene, propylene, styrene, polysulfonic acid, urethanes, Preferably, the aqueous metalworking composition comprises a copolymer of monomers, oligomers, co-oligomers, polymers and / or acryl amides, acrylic acid / methacrylic acid, butane, epoxide, ethylene, ionomers, isobutylene, Based on one or more optional components D based on one or more of the olefin, polyamide, polyglycerol, polyisobutene, propylene, styrene, polysulfonic acid, urethanes, esters and / or their salts (s) thereof. Preferred organic materials include, for example, acrylamide- (meth) acrylate copolymers, ethylene- (meth) acrylate copolymers, styrene- (meth) acrylate copolymers, urethane- , Urethane-carbonate copolymers, urethane-ester-carbonate copolymers, isobutylene-butene copolymers, polysulfonic acids. Such organic materials may sometimes be added as solids, emulsions or liquids. Such an organic polymeric material D can further improve the lubricity and at the same time improve the bio-stability of the composition. The organic polymer material D can be added and used in various types of cutting, forming, and cold forming operations that require a high degree of lubricity. The content of such organic polymer material D in the aqueous metal working composition may be selected in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt%, or 1 to 30 wt%, or 3 to 15 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%.

The method for producing the aqueous metal working composition of the present invention is characterized in that first, optional compounds (b) and (d) are added to water, followed by addition of any compound (a), then (c) During the mixing process up to this point, heating and stirring to a temperature in the range of from 30 to 50 占 폚 is used, wherein such continuous mixing, heating and stirring are used to obtain a stable emulsion, followed by optional addition of all other compounds . Depending on the requirement, the concentrate to be produced can be diluted with water to the desired dilution level.

The application of the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention can be carried out by other such methods such as spraying, high pressure spraying, brushing, roll coating, immersion or water flowing. The coated metal substrate can be metal processed, e.g., cut, ground, or cut in any desired manner, and the liquid flowing metal working composition provides an advantageous lubrication effect.

The method of use of the aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention is particularly useful when the aqueous metalworking composition is used as a coolant and / or as a lubricant and / or as bending, blanking, boring, broaching, cooling, cold forming, But not limited to, any of the following: drilling, forging, grinding, hobbing, honing, hydroforming, lapping, lubrication, molding, milling, pressing, punching, reaming, cold rolling, hot rolling, sawing, stamping, tapping, It is used for combination.

It has been surprising that the aqueous metal working compositions of the present invention can be used excellently for multi-metal purposes as they exhibit such high lubricity for very different metallic materials.

Furthermore, it has been surprising that the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention exhibit excellent corrosion protection against very different metallic materials.

Furthermore, it has been surprising that the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention exhibit excellent emulsion stability as a concentrate and diluent.

Furthermore, it has been surprising that the aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention produces a clean, light, smooth metal surface of the finished metallic part that has been metallized with such a composition.

Finally, even though the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention are highly environmentally friendly compositions such as virtually all the properties expected of industrial needs, zero-VOC, liberation from alkanolamine and / or release from petroleum oils, Which was surprising to exhibit low-foaming and high bio-stability.

Example  And Comparative Example

The present invention may be further evaluated in consideration of the following embodiments, including preferred embodiments, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

Properties and measurement thereof:

The aqueous metalworking composition of the present invention preferably has an average torque of 300 N · cm or less as measured by a Microtap test with Microtap Megatap II-G8, a tapping torque tool from Microtap GmbH of Germany And has measured lubricity.

Such a tapping torque mechanism is commonly referred to as a microtap mechanism. The test can be carried out according to ASTM D5619 by drilling into a metal or alloy bar, particularly into a bar of aluminum 6061 or steel 1018, or both. The microtap test is not carried out exactly according to these criteria, but is used according to the test procedure recommended by the instrument manufacturer for 10% by weight of diluent or diluent of up to 5% by weight. Metal bars usually have pre-drilled holes. A sample of the metalworking composition is added to the hole. The tabs would then be drilled through the holes and the tool used a depth of 14.4 mm for aluminum 6061 bar, a speed of 660 rpm, a torque of 700 N · cm and a force of 5 N · cm, and 14.4 for steel 1018 bar The depth of the shaft, the speed of 500 rpm, the torque of 700 N · cm, and the force of 5 N · cm will be used to measure the torque. In a microtap test, the tabs are drilled through holes filled with an aqueous metalworking composition, and the instrument calculates data indicative of the average torque number in N · cm. Very good data for aluminum and its alloys represent less than 200 N · cm, and very good data for steel represent less than 230 N · cm.

The aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention are preferably formulated in a composition diluted only with pure water or with hard water having a Ca content of less than 1200 ppm Ca without any visible separation of the visible and transparent or translucent or slightly opaque emulsion Or any combination thereof. In the case of unstable emulsions, separation will occur over time, and the separation will be observed with the eye. There are two types of stability tests:

A) Measurement of the stability of the concentrate:

1) oven test at 50 ° C for 3 cycles (each cycle is 24 hours).

2) Freezing / thawing test. The concentrate sample is frozen at about -16 < 0 > C and then thawed at room temperature, where 3 cycles are also used.

B) Determination of the stability of the diluted emulsion:

Dilutions of pure water and other dilutions of the light water reactor of 300 ppm Ca or more are respectively made to the desired concentration, usually 5 or 10% by weight, and then the stability is visually observed after at least a week (emulsion stability test).

The absence of phase separation of the emulsion means that the composition is not separated and there is no precipitated portion of the emulsion. The stable concentrate may have a clear, translucent, or hazy appearance. As long as the metalworking composition is not separated (it is stable if it is not separated), transparent, translucent, or turbid is not a problem. The emulsion may even be slightly elongated, but as long as it remains stable, the appearance of the diluted emulsion is not a problem.

For the determination of the stability of metalworking compositions, the following stability test method was used for concentrates and diluents, where the stability of the concentrate or diluent by eye is still the most common:

For concentrate samples:

In a 50 ° C oven test, place the concentrate sample in an oven at 50 ° C for 24 hours, then remove the sample, and place the sample on a bench until the temperature of the concentrate sample drops to room temperature. If no visible discernible separation is observed, the sample is stable. The test is repeated two more times at 50 ° C. The stability of the concentrate sample means that the concentrate sample can be transparent, translucent or turbid, but should not have any visible separation.

In the freeze / thaw test, the sample of concentrate is placed in the freezer for 24 hours to freeze the sample, then the sample is taken out of the freezer and placed on the bench until it is defrosted again in the liquid state. Repeat the freezing and thawing twice more. No separation by eye should be observed.

For diluted samples:

A 5% light water reactor dilution containing 600 ppm of calcium acetate is prepared. The solution is placed in an oven at 50 ° C for 3 days. If no separation is observed, the diluent sample will appear transparent, turbid, or dilated.

Preferably, the aqueous metal working composition of the present invention has a corrosion inhibiting effect. The anti-corrosion effect is preferably achieved by a cast iron bar or, more preferably, a small clean chip used in the present invention, when tested in contact with a diluted composition of 2% by weight with deionized water over 24 hours, chip test, CIC) to ensure that corrosion ratings below 2 are obtained. The test procedure for the cast iron chip test (CIC) is similar to the standard test methods ASTM D4627 and DIN 51360-2, but some measurements differ on the data: chip size is 2 to 3 mm or less, where 2 g Chips and 2 g of aqueous metal working 5% dilution of DI-channel and 24 hours is used in petro-dish with cover. The smaller the rating value, the better. The worst result is grade 5, and the best result is zero. 3, such aqueous metal working compositions do not appear to be acceptable in the industry.

It is expected that, in the case where the metalworking composition is successfully tested for CIC tests over 24 hours, the metalworking composition will in most cases have no corrosive effect on the parts of the tool and machine.

Preferably, the aqueous metalworking compositions of the present invention are stable to foamability under special working conditions, especially metalworking. In some metalworking operations, even high pressure injection does not cause problems with bubble generation. Furthermore, the bubbles generated during the metal working must be broken down to a low foam composition within one minute or one minute after the metal working.

Preferably, the metalworking composition is prepared by mixing in a 1000 ml beaker filled with 200 ml of the metalworking composition having a concentration of 5% by weight of active material in water, at a rate of 10 for 5 minutes, A 12-speed mixer is a 12-speed mixer. The bubble test is carried out using a mixer method so that there are no more bubbles in the bubble test, and the foam break time for bubble disappearance is less than 30 seconds. Lt; / RTI > Bubble destruction means the disappearance of the entire bubble, that is, the bubble on the solution surface is zero.

Bubble Test Method TM # 2142 is the internal test method. There is no standard method for bubble testing. A 5% dilution refers to a 5% by weight concentrate sample in 95% DI water. The purpose of this test is to determine the amount of bubbles generated in the high agitation system and the time required to extinguish the bubbles. Use a 1000 ml Kimax beaker with a beaker height specified, a black and decker 12-speed mixer with a 100 ml graduation cylinder, timer and stopwatch.

Bubble testing process:

1. Measure 190 ml of plant water in a 1000 ml Kimax beaker.

2. Add 10 ml of the product to be tested in the beaker.

3. Place the beaker under the mixer's beater.

4. Mix for 5 minutes at speed 10.

5. Stop mixing and measure the entire millimeter of bubbles as you start measuring time.

6. Measure the time at which the bubble disappears.

7. Record the results for the height of bubble and the time of disappearance.

VOC test according to EPA24 method:

The VOC content of the composition is tested according to ASTM D 2369-81, 87, 90, 92, 93 or 95 (standard test method for volatile matter content of coatings). Samples of the metalworking fluid concentrate are left at 110 占 폚 for at least 60 minutes or until the weight becomes constant as all water and volatile organic materials disappear. The VOC content can then be measured by weight loss in grams / liter.

Average droplet size test of the emulsion:

The test for the average droplet size of the emulsion is measured with a device equipped with a light scattering technique such as a Marvern Mastersizer. The light beam or laser beam passes through the emulsion and strikes an emulsion particle or oil droplet that scatters light and changes the intensity of the light. From the light intensity and angular variation, the average droplet size can be calculated.

Different metalworking compositions are tested for aluminum-based metallic materials and steel, and these tested materials are considered to represent the majority of different metallic materials, although not all types of metallic materials, to meet the multi-metal objectives.

The materials identified by the standard chemical name in the " Ingredient "line of Table 3 and by the additional components for such embodiments and tests have the following properties mentioned in Table 2 below. These are more preferred compounds for use in metalworking compositions.

Table 2: Selection of some of the ingredients used in the examples and comparative examples and chemical information on these ingredients

MW = molecular weight, EO = ethoxylation, PO = propoxylation.

In order to obtain better and more water-based metalworking compositions from the test, in various embodiments, the compounds of components (b) and (c) added to the composition can be added to the composition in the presence of different compounds (a) Were kept for observation.

Can be prepared by first adding the selected compounds (b) and (d) to water and then adding the selected compound (a) followed by addition of the selected compound (c) A composition was prepared. During this mixing process, heating and stirring to a temperature in the range of 30 to 50 占 폚 was used to obtain the emulsion, followed by optional addition of all other selected compounds. Upon request, the prepared concentrate was diluted with water to the desired dilution.

Table 3 shows the selection for 20 compositions and their properties in nearly 400 different compositions tested for lubricity and stability. It was surprising to ascertain the different degrees of lubricity of the different lubricity imparting compounds tested and to ascertain the different degrees of emulsification of the different emulsifiable compounds tested (c). Furthermore, it was surprisingly surprising that a stable metalworking composition exhibited good lubricity at the same time in aluminum-based metallic materials and steel.

Therefore, it has been necessary to obtain a method for constructing and stabilizing metalworking compositions for multi-metal purposes. It has been surprising that it is possible to obtain a metalworking composition with good lubricity, which is still insufficient in terms of corrosion protection, for many metal purposes. Thus, it is not easy to obtain a metalworking composition that satisfies all the conditions mentioned above while at the same time including low foaming properties.

Table 3: Selection of composition and test results for lubricity and stability

Table 3 shows that, even if the emulsion is stable, both the turbid and semi-solid metalworking concentrates can exhibit excellent properties. Where the concentrate and diluent exhibit a clear or translucent appearance, the visual appearance is not mentioned. The stability of the concentrate is more important than its visual appearance. All comparative examples represent either turbid or diluted concentrates, all of which are unstable or even separate from CE4.

There is a big difference in the lubricity data even for the best embodiment to the best embodiment. The lower the lubricity data is, the better the lubricity of the composition is. Very good torque data for aluminum and its alloys represent less than 200 N · cm and very good torque data for steel represent less than 230 N · cm. Most compositions that exhibit the lowest torque data enable its use in extreme metalworking operations.

The composition of CE1 failed because it did not have enough emulsifiable compound (c). Although the compound (c) had already been increased, the composition of CE2 failed because it did not properly contain the emulsifiable compound (c). Even with a further increased amount, the composition of CE3 failed because it did not have the emulsifiable compound (c) sufficiently adequately. As the HLB value of the different emulsifiable compound (c) affects the emulsifying effect, the amount of any emulsifiable compound (c) chosen to stabilize the emulsion to some extent, as well as the chemical nature of such compounds, . Particular attention should therefore be given to the proper selection of the emulsifiable compound (c).

Table 4 shows the results of composition C of US 2009/0149359 Al as shown in Examples 1 and 2, as compared to the results of the compositions according to the present application.

Table 4: Test results of the compositions of the invention and selected compositions of the invention and their properties, and test results of best sample C of US 2009/0149359 A1

The data marked * in CE4 are those mentioned in the above US document and the data in CE4 without the * mark were again tested with the original non-disclosed formulation for comparison with the results of the composition according to the present application. C = CE4 is the best embodiment of US 2009/0149359 A1.

The table clearly shows that compounds (a) and (d) were not added in the US literature according to these US documents. The pH of CE4 is significantly lower than the pH of E21 to E25. The lubricity measured by tapping the torque data for steel of CE4 is poor when compared with E21 to E25. The corrosion resistance of CE4 is also clearly worse when compared to E21 to E25 as measured by the CIC test and corrosion resistance. Even the lubricity of the diluted emulsion of CE4 is also lower than when compared to E21 to E25 as measured in the emulsion stability test for pure water and / or light water diluted diluent.

Further, in order to ascertain the excellent behavior and properties of the metal-working compositions of the present invention, which have been found previously in the laboratory tests and which have been partially shown above, in the industrial-scale metal working of the present invention, long- Respectively.

Claims (33)

The following ingredients are included in the concentrate, or as a dilute solution in which the concentrate is diluted with water in a diluent, and a zero-VOC or non-petroleum oil or non-alkanolamine or no-amine or any combination thereof, Processing composition:
- a lubricant having at least one hydrophobic aliphatic chain and at least one polar group and at least one water-insoluble compound (a) selected from the group of compounds having a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g / l at 20 ° C and consisting of: 40% by weight of component (a):
(A1) independently of one another, one or more linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated (branched) monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids having 12 to 100 carbon atoms compound,
(A2) linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated compounds of one or more triglycerides,
(A3) a compound (a1) or (a2) having 12 to 5,000 carbon atoms, or at least one derivative of (a1) and (a2)
(A4) at least one linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated, water-insoluble aliphatic alcohol having 12 to 40 carbon atoms, independently of each other,
Wherein the compound (a) is selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, polymers, co-oligomers and copolymers;
0.002 to 40% by weight of component (b) having a solubility in water of more than 0.1 g / l at 20 DEG C and comprising at least one water-soluble corrosion inhibiting compound (b) selected from the group consisting of:
(B1) independently of each other, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids, and their alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, their esters and their ethoxylates Linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated water-soluble compounds having a chain length of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and having from 4 to 80 carbons,
(B2) boric acid and derivatives thereof,
(B3) imidazoles, imidazolines, and derivatives thereof,
(B4) thiazole and derivatives thereof, and
(B5) triazole and derivatives thereof;
- from 0.002 to 45% by weight of one or more emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (c) selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, water-miscible or water-dispersible and nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants (C) emulsifiable and dispersible preparations;
0.002 to 30% by weight of an alkaline agent (d) containing at least one alkali-soluble compound (d) selected from the group consisting of hydroxides and carbonates; And
0.004 to 99% by weight of the transport component predominantly containing water (e). The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the weight ratio of the compound of component (a) to the compound of component (b) to the compound of component (c) is in the range of 1: (0.1 to 10): (0.01 to 30). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(A), wherein the metalworking composition is present in the concentrate in an amount ranging from 10 to 20% by weight of an aqueous metalworking composition containing the following components: (a) (E) present in an amount ranging from 25 to 70 wt%, (d) present in an amount ranging from 5 to 15 wt%, (c) present in an amount ranging from 5 to 20 wt% Or a lubricity imparting compound; One or more biocides, or one or more fungicides, or one or more biocides and one or more fungicides; At least one defoaming agent and / or at least one defoaming agent; Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, butane, epoxide, ethylene, ionomer, isobutylene, poly-a-olefin, polyamide, polyglycerol, polyisobutene, propylene, styrene, polysulfonic acid, urethane Zero or from 0.01 to 10 carbon atoms, selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, oligomers, polymers and / or copolymers of the ester (s) and / or salt (s) Wherein the total amount of all components is 100% by weight. delete 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the concentrate is a clear or translucent micro-emulsion. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
At 25 캜, at least 95% by weight of the composition being present in a liquid state at < RTI ID = 0.0 > 25 C. < / RTI > 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 5 < / RTI > 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
An emulsion having an average hydrophobic droplet size of hydrophobic droplets in the range of 10 to 200 nm when being useful for multi-metal purposes and / or in a concentrate, and in the case of a diluent an average droplet of hydrophobic droplets in the range of 10 nm to 30 μm Sized emulsion. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Having a lubricity as measured by an average torque of 300 N · cm or less as measured by a Microtap test using Microtap Megatap II-G8, Microtap GmbH's tapping torque instrument. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
In a water-diluted composition with pure water or a Ca content of less than 1200 ppm, it is preferred to have a stable, transparent or translucent micro-emulsion or no clear, milky or somewhat milky macro- - < / RTI > an emulsion. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
A water-based metalworking composition having a corrosion inhibiting effect and / or being stable to foaming. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the composition comprises, independently of one another, monocarboxylic fatty acids, dicarboxylic fatty acids, tricarboxylic fatty acids and polycarboxylic fatty acids having from 4 to 42 carbon atoms, linear and / or branched, saturated and / At least one compound (a), or at least one ester thereof, or at least one compound (a) and at least one ester thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(A2) having from 30 to 140 carbon atoms, or one or more derivatives thereof, or a triglyceride (a2) and a triglyceride (a2), wherein the composition is a linear and / or branched, saturated and / ≪ / RTI > and derivatives thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(A4) having from 14 to 40 carbon atoms, or one or more derivatives thereof, which are linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated compounds, independently of one another, or a water-soluble aliphatic alcohol (a4) < / RTI > and derivatives thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the hydrophobic lubricant (a) contains two or more, or three or more, or four or more different compounds (a) to optimize lubricity. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the content of the component (a) is in the range of 0.01 to 28% by weight. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the corrosion inhibiting compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and salts thereof having a total of from 6 to 40 carbon atoms per compound. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The corrosion-inhibiting component (b) contains two or more, or three or more, or four or more different compounds (b) to optimize corrosion inhibition. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the component (b) is contained in the range of 0.01 to 28% by weight. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the emulsifiable and dispersible agent (c) has an HLB in the range of 1-40. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
An aqueous metalworking composition wherein the at least one emulsifying and / or dispersing compound (c) is selected from the group of nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants comprising:
(C1) alkyl alcohols,
(C2) an alkyl phenol,
(C3) alkanoic acids, fatty acids, ether carboxylates and / or other organic acids,
(C4) block and random copolymers,
(C5) an alkyl polyglucoside,
(C6) an anionic surfactant having at least one sulfate group or sulfonate group,
(C7) ether sulfate,
(C8) ether phosphate,
(C9) a phosphate ester,
(C10) monoglycerides,
(C11) triglyceride,
(C12) fatty amines,
(C13) sorbitan and derivatives thereof,
(C14) succinic acid and derivatives thereof, and
Containing derivatives of the above surfactants (c1) to (c14). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the emulsifiable and dispersible preparation (c) contains two or more, or three or more, or four or more different compounds (c) to obtain a broad distribution of HLB. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the alkaline agent (d) is selected from hydroxides and carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The alkaline agent (d) is contained in the range of 0.01 to 15 wt%, or in the range of 0.1 to 12 wt%, or in the range of 1 to 10 wt%, or in the range of 3 to 12 wt% Wherein the total amount is 100% by weight. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein at least 98% by weight of the transport component (e) is water. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the composition comprises one or more lubricity imparting components or lubricity imparting compounds; One or more biocides, or one or more fungicides, or one or more biocides and one or more fungicides; At least one defoaming agent and / or at least one defoaming agent; Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, butane, epoxide, ethylene, ionomer, isobutylene, poly-a-olefin, polyamide, polyglycerol, polyisobutene, propylene, styrene, polysulfonic acid, urethane Of one or more organic polymer materials based on monomers, oligomers, oligomers, polymers and / or copolymers of the ester (s) and / or the salt (s) thereof. ≪ / RTI > further comprising the above compound. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the composition comprises at least one lubricity imparting component or lubricity imparting compound, wherein the composition is a vegetable oil, an animal oil, an ethoxylated, propoxylated or ethoxylated-propoxylated derivative thereof, or any combination thereof, A water-based metalworking composition contained in the metalworking composition of the present invention in a range of 1 to 200% by weight of the content of the component (a). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the composition comprises at least one biocide, or at least one fungicide, or at least one biocide and at least one fungicide. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the composition comprises at least one defoaming agent and / or at least one defoaming agent. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, acrylic acid / methacrylic acid, butane, epoxide, ethylene, ionomer, isobutylene, poly-a-olefin, polyamide, polyglycerol, polyisobutene, propylene, styrene, polysulfonic acid, urethane At least one organic polymeric material based on monomers, oligomers, co-oligomers, polymers and / or copolymers thereof, of the ester (s) and / or of the salt (s) thereof. (B) and (d) are first added to water followed by addition of any compound (a) followed by addition of compound (c) and during the mixing process up to this point, A method of producing an aqueous metalworking composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein heating to temperature and stirring is used. Cooling, cutting, drawing, drilling, cold forming, warm forming, forging, grinding, hobbing, honing, hydroforming, lapping, lubrication, as lubricants, as lubricants, and / or as lubricants and / or as bending, blanking, boring, For the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh step, for forming, milling, pressing, punching, reaming, cold rolling, hot rolling, sawing, stamping, tapping, threading, turning, ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 2, < / RTI > The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal working operation is performed with the aqueous metal working composition of claim 1 or 2 by means of flushing, spraying, high pressure spraying, brushing, flowing, fluting, roll coating, immersion, Or a combination thereof. ≪ / RTI >