KR101931406B1 - 컴팩트한 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이 - Google Patents
컴팩트한 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
- G02B17/086—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0896—Catadioptric systems with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
- G06F3/013—Eye tracking input arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
- G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 회전 대칭 광학 기술에 기초한 종래의 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이(eyetracked head-mounted display, ET-HMD)을 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 2a와 도 2b는 2개의 상이한 IR 조명 전략으로부터의 이미지를 개략적으로 도시하며, 도 2a는 명안 동공의 눈 이미지로서, 4개의 NIR LED가 눈 촬상 광학계의 광축과 거의 동축으로 배치되어 있는 온축 조명 전략에서 야기되는 4개의 섬광을 도시하고, 도 2b는 암안 동공의 눈 이미지로서, 4개의 NIR LED가 눈 촬상 광학계의 광축과 떨어져 배치되어 있는 오프축 조명 전략에서 야기되는 4개의 섬광을 도시한다.
도 3a는 단안식 광학 모듈로서 나타낸, 본 발명에 따른 예시적인 광학 시스템을 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 3b는 눈 촬상 유닛과 조명 유닛이 마이크로디스플레이 패널 주위에 배치되어 있는, 본 발명에 따른 예시적인 시스템을 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 4는 단안식 광학 모듈로서 나타낸 본 발명에 따른, 프리폼 프리즘 기술에 기초한 예시적인 광학 시스템의 블록도를 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 5a 내지 도 5d는 본 발명에 따른 광학 시스루 HMD의 예시적인 설계를 개략적으로 도시하는 도면으로서, 도 5a는 눈 조명 및 촬상 경로를 도시하고, 도 5b는 가상 디스플레이 경로를 도시하며, 도 5c는 눈 조명, 눈 촬상 및 가상 디스플레이 경로가 공유하는 프리폼 프리즘을 도시하고, 도 5d는 시스루 기능을 가능하게 하는, 프리폼 프리즘에 부착된 프리폼 보조 렌즈를 도시한다.
도 6은 도 5d의 2반사 프리폼 프리즘 구조를 이용한, 본 발명에 따른 예시적인 최적화 ET-HMD 구조의 광학 레이아웃과 광선추적을 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 7은 본 발명에 따른 예시적인 ET-HMD 광학 시스템의 3D 모델을 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
도 8은 도 6과 도 7의 광학 설계에 기초한, 본 발명에 따른 예시적인 양안식 ET-HMD 프로토타입의 모델을 도시하는 도면이다.
도 9a 내지 도 9d는 도 6의 설계의 4 ㎜ 중심 동공을 갖는 HMD 가상 디스플레이 경로에 있어서 시야 전체에서의 20개 샘플 필드의 다색 변조 전달 함수(MTF)를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 10은 도 6의 설계의 HMD 가상 디스플레이 경로에 있어서 시야 전체의 왜곡 그리드를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 11은 도 6의 설계의 눈 촬상 경로에 있어서 시야 전체에서의 샘플 필드의 다색 변조 전달 함수(MTF)를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 12는 도 6의 설계의 눈 촬상 경로에 있어서 시야 전체의 왜곡 그리드를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 13a 내지 도 13d는 도 6의 설계의 4 ㎜ 중심 동공을 갖는 HMD 시스루 경로에 있어서 30x22도의 중심 시야에 걸친 20개 샘플 필드의 다색 변조 전달 함수(MTF)를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 14는 도 6의 설계의 HMD 시스루 경로에 있어서 시야 전체의 왜곡 그리드를 도시하는 도면이다.
도 15a와 도 15b는 본 발명에 따른, 도 3에 도시한 광학 방식의 예시적인 설계를 도시하는 도면이다.
도 16은 회전 대칭 광학계에 기초한, 본 발명에 따른 도 3에 도시한 광학 방법의 예시적인 구현을 개략적으로 도시하는 도면이다.
Claims (30)
- 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이(eye-tracked head-mounted display)에 있어서,
사용자가 보는 이미지를 생성하며, 디스플레이 광경로 및 이 디스플레이 광경로와 연관된 사출 동공(exit pupil)을 구비하는 마이크로디스플레이와,
상기 마이크로디스플레이에 배치된 제1면 및 상기 사출 동공에 배치된 제2면과,
거기에 위치한 사용자의 눈으로부터 반사된 상기 제2면으로부터의 반사 광선(reflected optical radiation)을 수광하도록 구성되며, 연관된 센서 광경로를 구비하는 이미지 센서와,
상기 디스플레이 광경로를 따라 상기 마이크로디스플레이와 광통신하도록 그리고 상기 센서 광경로를 따라 상기 이미지 센서와 광통신하도록 배치되는 디스플레이 광학계
를 포함하고,
상기 디스플레이 광학계는 상기 마이크로디스플레이 및 상기 이미지 센서에 최근접한 선택면을 구비하며, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는, 상기 디스플레이 광경로 및 이미지 센서 광경로가 상기 선택면의 각각의 상이한 부분에 침입하도록, 상기 마이크로디스플레이 및 상기 이미지 센서에 대해 배치되고,
상기 디스플레이 광경로 및 이미지 센서 광경로 각각은 상기 디스플레이 광학계 및 이미지 센서 각각에서 각각의 광축을 포함하고, 이들 광축은 상기 제2면에서 서로에 대해 경사져 있는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이. - 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광경로 및 이미지 센서 광경로는 상기 선택면에서 부분적으로 겹치는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 상기 제2면에서 보기 위한 상기 마이크로디스플레이의 가상 이미지를 생성하도록 구성되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광경로는 광축을 포함하고, 상기 이미지 센서는 상기 디스플레이 광경로의 광축에서 벗어나 배치되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광경로는 광축을 포함하고, 상기 마이크로디스플레이는 상기 디스플레이 광경로의 광축에 배치되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1면에 조리개(stop)를 포함하고, 상기 조리개는 상기 이미지 센서 광경로를 따른 장소에 배치되어 있는 적어도 하나의 개구(aperture)를 내부에 구비하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 6에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 개구는 핀홀을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 이미지 센서와 상기 선택면 사이의 이미지 센서 광경로를 따른 장소에 배치되어 있는 적어도 하나의 개구를 내부에 구비한 조리개를 포함하는 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 프리폼(freeform) 광학 소자를 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 회전 대칭 광학 소자를 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 프리폼 광학 프리즘을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 쐐기형(wedge-shaped) 프리즘을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 비구면을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 디스플레이 공간에서 텔레센트릭인 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 디스플레이 공간에서 비텔레센트릭인 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 상기 마이크로디스플레이로부터의 광을 수광하여 내부 전반사시키도록 지향된 TIR(total internal reflection)면을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 광을 상기 이미지 센서로 내부 전반사시키도록 지향된 TIR(total internal reflection)면을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘과 광통신하는 프리폼 교정 렌즈를 포함하는 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 18에 있어서, 상기 프리폼 교정 렌즈의 시야는 상기 디스플레이 광학계의 시야보다 큰 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 하프 미러면(half-mirrored surface)을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 광선을 생성하고 사용자의 눈의 조명을 달성하기 위해 상기 제2면을 조명하도록 구성된 광원을 포함하고, 상기 광원은 이 광원과 연관된 조명 광경로를 구비하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 상기 조명 광경로를 따라 상기 광원과 광통신하도록 배치되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 상기 광원으로부터 광선을 수광하여 그 광선을 상기 제2면에 투과시키도록 구성되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 광원은 상기 제1면에 근접 배치되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 광원은 복수의 발광 다이오드를 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 상기 광원으로부터의 광선을 시준하도록 구성되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계의 디스플레이 광경로는 광축을 포함하고, 상기 광원은 상기 광축에서 벗어나 배치되는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
- 청구항 21에 있어서, 상기 디스플레이 광학계는 프리폼 광학 프리즘을 포함하고, 상기 프리폼 광학 프리즘은 상기 광원으로부터 광선을 수광하여 내부 전반사시키도록 지향된 TIR(total internal reflection)면을 포함하는 것인 시선추적 기능의 헤드 탑재형 디스플레이.
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