KR101895087B1 - 이원금속 전극을 갖는 알칼리 금속 이온 배터리 - Google Patents
이원금속 전극을 갖는 알칼리 금속 이온 배터리 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101895087B1 KR101895087B1 KR1020137010137A KR20137010137A KR101895087B1 KR 101895087 B1 KR101895087 B1 KR 101895087B1 KR 1020137010137 A KR1020137010137 A KR 1020137010137A KR 20137010137 A KR20137010137 A KR 20137010137A KR 101895087 B1 KR101895087 B1 KR 101895087B1
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- alkali metal
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- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 14
- -1 alkali metal cation Chemical class 0.000 description 13
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- MEBYHFJCYTZJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Na].[Sb] Chemical compound [Pb].[Na].[Sb] MEBYHFJCYTZJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021525 ceramic electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020361 KCl—LiCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013636 LiCl—LiI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명에 따라 구축된 자기-조립형 알칼리 금속-이온 에너지 저장 전기화학 전지를 도시하는 종단면이다.
도 2a-2c는 본 발명에 따라 구축된 알칼리 금속-이온 에너지 저장 전기화학 전지의 충전 공정을 예시하는 종단면이며, 2a는 전지가 방전된 경우, 2b는 전지가 작동중이며 에너지원(충전 회로)에 연결된 경우이고, 2c는 전지가 충전된 경우이다.
도 3a-3c는 본 발명에 따라 구축된 알칼리 금속-이온 에너지 저장 전지의 방전 공정을 예시하는 종단면이며, 3a는 전지가 충전된 경우, 3b는 전지가 작동중이며 부하에 연결된 경우이고, 3c는 전지가 방전된 경우이다.
도 4는 본 발명에 따라 구축된 알칼리 금속-이온 에너지 저장 전지의 다른 실시예를 도시하는 종단면이다.
도 5는 Na, Pb 및 Sb의 이원(삼각형의 모서리) 및 삼원(삼각형의 내부) 합금의 융점의 온도 도표이다.
도 6은 Li 농도의 함수로서의 다양한 Sb-Pb 농도의 500 ℃에서의 전압 곡선이다.
도 7a는 450 ℃에서 작동되며, 250 mA/cm2로 순환되고, 29 mol% Li(Li2Sb2Pb3)로 조립된 Li∥Sb-Pb 전지의 시간에 대한 인가 전류의 곡선이다.
도 7b는 450 ℃에서 작동되며, 250 mA/cm2로 순환되고, 29 mol% Li(Li2Sb2Pb3)로 조립된 Li∥Sb-Pb 전지의 시간에 대한 전압 반응의 곡선이다.
도 8a는 충방전 사이클 수에 대한 Li∥Sb-Pb 전지 용량의 곡선이다.
도 8b는 충방전 사이클 수에 대한 Li∥Sb-Pb 전지 효율의 곡선이다.
도 9는 Na 농도 함수로서의 다양한 Sb-Pb 농도의 500 ℃에서의 측정 전압의 곡선이다.
도면은, 일반적으로 비율대로 묘사되지 않으며, 일반적으로 사실상 개략적이다.
Claims (36)
- 전기화학 전지로서,
납 및 안티몬을 포함하는 액체 제1상(phase)을 포함하는 양극;
활성 알칼리 금속의 할로겐화 염을 포함하고 제1계면 및 제2계면을 정의하는 액체 전해질 - 상기 양극은 상기 제1계면에서 상기 액체 전해질과 접촉함 - ; 및
상기 양극과 분리되며 원자 형태의 활성 알칼리 금속을 포함하는 액체 제3상을 포함하는 음극 - 상기 음극은 상기 제2계면에서 상기 액체 전해질과 접촉하고 있고, 상기 전해질은 상기 활성 알칼리 금속의 양이온이 방전 동안 상기 음극에서 양극으로 전송되고 충전 동안 상기 양극에서 상기 음극으로 전송되게 하도록 구성됨 -
을 포함하며,
상기 전기화학 전지의 방전 상태에서, 상기 양극은 원자 형태의 활성 알칼리 금속 및 납 및 안티몬을 포함하고,
상기 전기화학 전지의 충전 상태에서, 상기 양극은 상기 전기화학 전지의 방전 상태와 비교하여 변하지 않는 양의 납 및 안티몬을 포함하고 상기 활성 알칼리 금속의 원자 손실이 있으며, 상기 액체 제1상은 600 ℃ 미만의 온도에서 액체인 전기화학 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전지의 완전 충전 상태에서의 상기 양극은 원자 형태의 활성 알칼리 금속이 존재하지 않는 전기화학 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 안티몬 대 납의 비는 18 mol% Sb : 82 mol% Pb 에서 66.6 mol% Sb : 33.3 mol% Pb 의 범위에서 선택되는 전기화학 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 납과 안티몬은 상기 양극에서 2 : 1 mol%, 40 : 60 mol%, 30 : 70 mol%, 또는 18 : 82 mol%의 Sb : Pb 의 비로 존재하는 전기화학 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 양극은 화학 주기율표의 IVA, VA 및 VIA 족 원소로부터 독립적으로 선택된 추가의 원소를 포함하는 전기화학 전지.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 추가의 원소는 주석, 비스무트, 텔루륨 및 셀레늄 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 전기화학 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 액체 제1상은 550 ℃ 미만, 500 ℃ 미만, 또는 450 ℃ 미만의 온도에서 액체인 전기화학 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 활성 알칼리 금속은 나트륨 또는 리튬인 전기화학 전지.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 염화 리튬, 불화 리튬 또는 둘다를 포함하는 전기화학 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 상기 활성 알칼리 금속의 둘 이상의 할로겐화 염을 포함하는 전기화학 전지.
- 외부 회로로부터 전송된 전기 에너지를 이용하여 전기화학 전지를 작동하는 방법으로서,
상기 외부 회로와 연결되도록 구성되는 적어도 하나의 전기화학 전지를 제공하는 단계 - 상기 적어도 하나의 전기화학 전지는,
납 및 안티몬을 포함하는 액체 제1상을 포함하는 양극;
활성 알칼리 금속의 할로겐화 염을 포함하고 제1계면 및 제2계면을 정의하는 액체 전해질 - 상기 양극은 상기 제1계면에서 상기 액체 전해질과 접촉함 - ; 및
상기 양극과 분리되며 원자 형태의 활성 알칼리 금속을 포함하는 액체 제3상을 포함하는 음극 - 상기 음극은 상기 제2계면에서 상기 액체 전해질과 접촉하고 있고, 상기 액체 제1상은 상기 전기화학 전지의 충전 및 방전 동작 동안 600 ℃ 미만의 온도에서 액체임 -
을 포함함 - ;
상기 외부 회로를 상기 전기화학 전지의 음극 전주 및 양극 전주에 전기적으로 연결하는 단계; 및
상기 전해질을 통해 상기 액체 제1상에서 상기 액체 제3상으로 또는 상기 액체 제3상에서 상기 액체 제1상으로 상기 활성 알칼리 금속의 양이온의 전송(transfer)을 추진함(drive)으로써 상기 전기화학 전지에서 전기 에너지를 생성 또는 수득(receive)하기 위해 외부 회로를 작동하는 단계
를 포함하며,
상기 전기화학 전지의 방전 상태에서, 상기 양극은 원자 형태의 활성 알칼리 금속 및 소정의 양의 납 및 안티몬을 포함하고,
상기 전기화학 전지의 충전 상태에서, 상기 양극은 상기 전기화학 전지의 방전 상태와 비교하여 변하지 않는 양의 납 및 안티몬을 포함하고 상기 활성 알칼리 금속의 원자 손실이 있는, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법. - 제11항에 있어서, 외부 소스 및 이어서 외부 부하를 순차적으로 상기 전기화학 전지에 전기적으로 연결하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법.
- 제11항 또는 제12항에 있어서, 상기 전기화학 전지는 무정전 전원 장치를 제공하기 위한 시스템의 부분이고, 또는 상기 외부 회로는 발전소 또는 송전선이고, 또는 재생 에너지원으로부터 변환된 에너지를 공급하는, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법.
- 제11항 또는 제12항에 있어서, 상기 활성 알칼리 금속은 나트륨 또는 리튬인, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 염화리튬, 불화리튬, 또는 둘다를 포함하는, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법.
- 제11항 또는 제12항에 있어서, 상기 액체 제1상은 상기 전기화학 전지의 충전 및 방전 동작 동안 550 ℃ 미만, 500 ℃ 미만, 또는 450 ℃ 미만의 온도에서 액체인, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법.
- 제11항 또는 제12항에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 상기 알칼리 금속의 둘 이상의 할로겐화 염을 포함하는, 전기화학 전지 작동 방법.
- 전기적으로 직렬 및/또는 병렬로 연결되는 제1항 또는 제2항에 따른 둘 이상의 전기화학 전지를 포함하는 배터리.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 전기화학 전지는 30 kWh 미만의 총 용량을 갖는 전기화학 전지.
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RU2602825C9 (ru) | 2017-03-10 |
WO2012040176A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
CN103155234B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
CA2811218C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
JP6007181B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
US10205195B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
US20120104990A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
EP2619831B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
GB2496820B (en) | 2018-08-22 |
KR20130100156A (ko) | 2013-09-09 |
GB2496820A (en) | 2013-05-22 |
SG188400A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
US9000713B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
CN103155234A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
EP2619831A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
CA2811218A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
AU2011305609A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
RU2602825C2 (ru) | 2016-11-20 |
US20150214579A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
RU2013111960A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
BR112013008171A2 (pt) | 2016-06-21 |
DK2619831T3 (da) | 2020-06-08 |
AU2011305609B2 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
BR112013008171B1 (pt) | 2020-04-28 |
GB201304232D0 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
JP2013537361A (ja) | 2013-09-30 |
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