KR101891871B1 - 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유한 오일의 전환 - Google Patents
트리아실글리세라이드를 함유한 오일의 전환 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101891871B1 KR101891871B1 KR1020157017887A KR20157017887A KR101891871B1 KR 101891871 B1 KR101891871 B1 KR 101891871B1 KR 1020157017887 A KR1020157017887 A KR 1020157017887A KR 20157017887 A KR20157017887 A KR 20157017887A KR 101891871 B1 KR101891871 B1 KR 101891871B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- triacylglyceride
- carbon dioxide
- reaction
- hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 cycloolefins Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000002303 thermal reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000016401 Camelina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000197813 Camelina sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001390275 Carinata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000221089 Jatropha Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000021150 Orbignya martiana Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014643 Orbignya martiana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000565347 Pongamia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000037433 Pongamia pinnata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004599 Pongamia pinnata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001135917 Vitellaria paradoxa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940057910 shea butter Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000179886 Moringa oleifera Species 0.000 claims 4
- 235000011347 Moringa oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000390166 Physaria Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000911 decarboxylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021472 group 8 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/40—Thermal non-catalytic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
- B01J2208/023—Details
- B01J2208/027—Beds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/00103—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor in a heat exchanger separate from the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 실시예들에 따른 방법의 간략한 공정 흐름도이다.
도 3은 본 실시예들에 따른 방법의 간략한 공정 흐름도이다.
Claims (43)
- 트리아실글리세라이드(triacylglycerides)를 함유하는 오일들을 원유 전구체들(crude oil precursors) 및/또는 증류 탄화수소 연료들로 전환하는 방법으로서,
250 ℃ 내지 560 ℃의 온도 및 75 bar를 초과하는 압력에서 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물을 반응시켜서 적어도 상기 트리아실글리세라이드의 일부분을 탄화수소 또는 1종 이상의 이소올레핀들(isoolefins), 이소파라핀들(isoparaffins), 시클로올레핀들(cycloolefins), 시클로파라핀들(cycloparaffins), 및 방향족들(aromatics)을 포함하는 탄화수소들의 혼합물로 전환하는 열 개질 단계를 포함하며,
상기 반응은 촉매를 더 추가하지 않고 진행하는 것인 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일을 이산화 탄소와 혼합하여 상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일을 이산화 탄소 및 물과 혼합하여 상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물은 CO2 대 트리아실글리세라이드의 질량비가 0.001:1 내지 1:1인 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 반응된 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물을 포함하는 반응 유출물(effluent)을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제5항에 있어서,
상기 반응 유출물을 분리하여 이산화 탄소를 포함하는 제1 분리물 및 상기 탄화수소를 포함하는 제2 분리물을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 반응 유출물로부터 물을 분리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 제2 분리물의 적어도 일부분을 수소화 처리(hydrotreating)하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 제1 분리물의 적어도 일부분을 상기 반응하는 단계로 리사이클하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일은 카멜리나(camelina), 카리나타(carinata), 코튼(cotton), 자트로파(jatropha), 카란자(karanja), 모린가(moringa), 팜(palm), 카스토르(castor), 옥수수(corn), 아마씨(linseed), 땅콩(peanut), 대두(soybean), 해바라기(sunflower), 동(tung), 바바수(babassu), 또는 카놀라(canola), 시어 버터(shea butter), 톨(tall), 탈로우(tallow), 폐야채유(waste vegetable oil), 트랩 그리스(trap greases), 폐식용유(used cooking oil), 해조류 오일(algal oil), 및 퐁가미아(pongamia) 중 적어도 하나로부터 얻어지는 적어도 하나의 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일로부터 얻어지는 재생 가능한 오일(renewable oil)을 포함하는 방법. - 제10항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일은 카멜리나(camelina), 카리나타(carinata), 코튼(cotton), 자트로파(jatropha), 카란자(karanja), 모린가(moringa), 팜(palm), 카스토르(castor), 옥수수(corn), 아마씨(linseed), 땅콩(peanut), 대두(soybean), 해바라기(sunflower), 동(tung), 바바수(babassu), 또는 카놀라(canola), 시어 버터(shea butter), 톨(tall), 탈로우(tallow), 폐야채유(waste vegetable oil), 트랩 그리스(trap greases), 폐식용유(used cooking oil), 해조류 오일(algal oil), 및 퐁가미아(pongamia) 중 적어도 하나의 오일 중 적어도 하나로부터 유도되는 유리 지방산들(free fatty acids)을 포함하는 방법. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 제2 분리물을 분별하여 나프타(naphtha), 경유(diesel), 또는 제트 연료(jet fuel)의 범위에서 끓는점을 갖는 하나 이상의 탄화수소 분획들을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 수소화 처리된 분리물을 분별하여 나프타(naphtha), 경유(diesel), 또는 제트 연료(jet fuel)의 범위에서 끓는점을 갖는 하나 이상의 탄화수소 분획들을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 반응은 열 개질 반응기(thermal reforming reactor)에서 수행되고, 액상 이산화 탄소를 상기 열 개질 반응기에 주입하여 상기 열 개질 반응기 내에서 온도 또는 온도 프로파일을 유지하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 반응은 수소를 더 추가하지 않고 수행되는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 반응은 물을 더 추가하지 않고 수행되는 방법. - 트리아실글리세라이드(triacylglycerides)를 함유하는 오일들을 원유 전구체들(crude oil precursors) 및/또는 증류 탄화수소 연료들로 전환하는 방법으로서,
트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일을 이산화 탄소와 혼합하여 트리아실글리세라이드 - CO2 혼합물을 형성하는 단계;
상기 트리아실글리세라이드의 적어도 일부분을 열 개질을 통하여 이소올레핀들, 이소파라핀들, 시클로올레핀들, 시클로파라핀들 및 방향족들 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 탄화수소 화합물들로 전환하기에 충분한 반응 조건 하에서 상기 트리아실글리세라이드 - CO2 혼합물을 열 개질 반응 영역에서 반응시키는 단계; 및
상기 열 개질 반응 영역으로부터의 유출물을 회수하는 단계;를 포함하며
상기 반응 조건은 250 ℃ 내지 560 ℃의 온도 및 75 bar를 초과하는 압력을 포함하는 것인 방법. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 제18항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드 - CO2 혼합물은 CO2 대 트리아실글리세라이드의 질량비가 0.001:1 내지 1:1인 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물은 물을 더 포함하는 방법. - 제22항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물은 물 대 트리아실글리세라이드의 질량비가 0.001:1 내지 0.1:1인 방법. - 제22항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드 - 이산화 탄소 혼합물은 수소를 더 포함하고, 수소 대 트리아실글리세라이드의 질량비가 0.001:1 내지 0.5:1인 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
상기 반응 유출물을 분리하여, 이산화 탄소를 포함하는 제1 분리물 및 상기 탄화수소를 포함하는 제2 분리물을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제25항에 있어서,
상기 반응 유출물로부터 물을 분리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제25항에 있어서,
상기 제2 분리물의 적어도 일부분을 수소화 처리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제25항에 있어서,
상기 제1 분리물의 적어도 일부분을 상기 반응하는 단계로 리사이클하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일은 카멜리나(camelina), 카리나타(carinata), 코튼(cotton), 자트로파(jatropha), 카란자(karanja), 모린가(moringa), 팜(palm), 카스토르(castor), 옥수수(corn), 아마씨(linseed), 땅콩(peanut), 대두(soybean), 해바라기(sunflower), 동(tung), 바바수(babassu), 또는 카놀라(canola), 시어 버터(shea butter), 톨(tall), 탈로우(tallow), 폐야채유(waste vegetable oil), 트랩 그리스(trap greases), 폐식용유(used cooking oil), 해조류 오일(algal oil), 및 퐁가미아(pongamia) 중 적어도 하나로부터 얻어지는 적어도 하나의 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일로부터 얻어지는 재생 가능한 오일(renewable oil)을 포함하는 방법. - 제29항에 있어서,
상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일은 카멜리나(camelina), 카리나타(carinata), 코튼(cotton), 자트로파(jatropha), 카란자(karanja), 모린가(moringa), 팜(palm), 카스토르(castor), 옥수수(corn), 아마씨(linseed), 땅콩(peanut), 대두(soybean), 해바라기(sunflower), 동(tung), 바바수(babassu), 또는 카놀라(canola), 시어 버터(shea butter), 톨(tall), 탈로우(tallow), 폐야채유(waste vegetable oil), 트랩 그리스(trap greases), 폐식용유(used cooking oil), 해조류 오일(algal oil), 및 퐁가미아(pongamia) 중 적어도 하나의 오일 중 적어도 하나로부터 유도되는 유리 지방산들(free fatty acids)을 포함하는 방법. - 제25항에 있어서,
상기 제2 분리물을 분별하여 나프타(naphtha), 경유(diesel), 또는 제트 연료(jet fuel)의 범위에서 끓는점을 갖는 하나 이상의 탄화수소 분획들을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제27항에 있어서,
상기 수소화 처리된 분리물을 분별하여 나프타(naphtha), 경유(diesel), 또는 제트 연료(jet fuel)의 범위에서 끓는점을 갖는 하나 이상의 탄화수소 분획들을 회수하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
액상 이산화 탄소를 상기 열 개질 반응 영역 내에 주입하여 상기 열 개질 반응 영역 내에서 온도 또는 온도 프로파일을 유지하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
상기 반응은 수소를 더 추가하지 않고 수행되는 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
상기 반응은 물을 더 추가하지 않고 수행되는 방법. - 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일들을 원유 전구체들 및/또는 증류 탄화수소 연료들로 전환하는 시스템으로서,
트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 원료를 이산화 탄소와 혼합하여 오일 - CO2 혼합물을 형성하는 혼합 장치;
상기 오일 - CO2 혼합물을 250 ℃ 내지 560 ℃의 온도 및 75 bar 초과의 압력에서 반응시켜 반응 유출물을 생산하는 열 개질 반응기; 및
상기 반응 유출물을 이산화 탄소를 포함하는 제1 분리물 및 이소올레핀들, 이소파라핀들, 시클로올레핀들, 시클로파라핀들 및 방향족들 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 탄화수소 화합물들을 포함하는 제2 분리물로 분리하는 분리기;를 포함하는 시스템. - 제36항에 있어서,
상기 제1 분리물을 상기 혼합 장치 및 상기 열 개질 반응기 중 적어도 하나로 리사이클하는 하나 이상의 유체 도관들을 더 포함하되, 상기 혼합 장치로 리사이클하여 상기 오일 - CO2 혼합물을 형성하고, 상기 열 개질 반응기로 리사이클하여 상기 열 개질 반응기 내에서 온도를 제어하는 시스템. - 제36항에 있어서,
상기 제2 분리물의 적어도 일부분을 수소화 처리하는 수소화 처리기를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 제36항에 있어서,
상기 제2 분리물에서 탄화수소를 분별하여 나프타, 제트 연료(jet fuel) 또는 경유 범위에서 끓는 점을 갖는 하나 이상의 탄화수소 분획들을 형성하는 분별 장치를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 제38항에 있어서,
상기 수소화 처리기로부터의 수소화 처리물에서 탄화수소들을 분별하여 나프타, 제트 연료(jet fuel) 또는 경유 범위에서 끓는 점을 갖는 하나 이상의 탄화수소 분획들을 형성하는 분별 장치를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 제38항에 있어서,
상기 수소화 처리기는 적어도 두 개의 촉매층들(catalyst beds)을 포함하고, 상기 촉매층들은 수소화 활성(hydrogenation activity)을 갖는 촉매를 포함하는 제1 촉매층 및 수소분해 활성(hydrocracking activity)를 갖는 촉매를 포함하는 제2 촉매층인 시스템. - 제41항에 있어서,
상기 수소화 처리기의 입구에 인접한 상기 촉매층은,
탈카르복시화 반응(decarboxylation);
C5 - C24의 파라핀들의 생산을 위한 불포화 유리 지방산들의 수소첨가탈산소화 반응(hydrodeoxygenation);
상기 유리 지방산들의 알킬 주쇄(alkyl backbone)에 함유된 알킬 모노(mono)-, 디(di)-, 및 트리(tri)-올레핀들의 포화 반응(saturation);
추적 유기 질소 화합물들(trace organic nitrogen compounds)의 수소첨가탈질소화 반응(hydrodenitrogenation); 및
상기 탄화수소물 원료와 함께 첨가되는 물에 대한 촉매 내성(catalyst tolerance); 중 적어도 하나를 위해 유용한 촉매를 포함하는 시스템. - 제38항에 있어서,
상기 수소화 처리기에서 상기 반응 유출물과 함께 재생 불가능한(non-renewable) 탄화수소 공급 원료를 동시 처리하는 하나 이상의 유체 도관들; 및
물 및 수소 중 적어도 하나를 상기 열 개질 반응기의 상부 방향으로 상기 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유하는 오일 원료, 상기 이산화 탄소, 또는 상기 오일 - CO2 혼합물에 도입하는 하나 이상의 유체 도관들; 중 적어도 하나를 더 포함하는 시스템.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/711,140 | 2012-12-11 | ||
US13/711,140 US9024096B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils |
PCT/US2013/073136 WO2014093099A1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2013-12-04 | Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20150107730A KR20150107730A (ko) | 2015-09-23 |
KR101891871B1 true KR101891871B1 (ko) | 2018-08-24 |
Family
ID=50881662
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020157017887A Active KR101891871B1 (ko) | 2012-12-11 | 2013-12-04 | 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유한 오일의 전환 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9024096B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2931842B1 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101891871B1 (ko) |
AR (1) | AR093906A1 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK2931842T3 (ko) |
HR (1) | HRP20191787T1 (ko) |
HU (1) | HUE045685T2 (ko) |
PL (1) | PL2931842T3 (ko) |
RS (1) | RS59448B1 (ko) |
TW (1) | TWI510608B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2014093099A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170066981A1 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2017-03-09 | The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. | Gasification apparatus with supercritical fluid |
US20170066982A1 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2017-03-09 | The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. | Gasification apparatus with supercritical fluid |
MY173590A (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2020-02-05 | Applied Res Associates Inc | Hydrothermal cleanup process |
US10920158B2 (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2021-02-16 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Supercritical water process to produce bottom free hydrocarbons |
US11781075B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2023-10-10 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | Hydrothermal purification process |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070144060A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-28 | Michio Ikura | Production of biodiesel from triglycerides via a thermal route |
US20080071125A1 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-20 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | Method of Converting Triglycerides to Biofuels |
US20090266743A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | Jianhua Yao | Thermal treatment of triglycerides |
US20110196179A1 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2011-08-11 | David Bradin | Fuel composition |
US20120108861A1 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2012-05-03 | North Carolina State University | Process for conversion of biomass to fuel |
Family Cites Families (67)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4504503A (en) * | 1981-09-09 | 1985-03-12 | Lever Brothers Company | Fractionation of butterfat using a liquefied gas or a gas in the supercritical state |
US5071805A (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1991-12-10 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Catalyst system for hydrotreating hydrocarbons |
US4990243A (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1991-02-05 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Process for hydrodenitrogenating hydrocarbon oils |
US5277793A (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1994-01-11 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydrocracking process |
US5073530A (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1991-12-17 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydrocracking catalyst and process |
US5069890A (en) | 1989-06-19 | 1991-12-03 | Texaco Inc. | Zeolite treating process |
US5104587A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-04-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Countercurrent liquid/liquid extraction to fractionate complex mixtures containing medium and long chain fatty acid triglycerides |
US5141909A (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1992-08-25 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Zeolitic catalyst having selectivity for jet fuel |
US5439860A (en) | 1992-04-16 | 1995-08-08 | Chevron Research And Technology Company, A Division Of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Catalyst system for combined hydrotreating and hydrocracking and a process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks |
US5959167A (en) | 1997-08-25 | 1999-09-28 | The University Of Utah Research Foundation | Process for conversion of lignin to reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline |
US6514897B1 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2003-02-04 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Carbide and oxycarbide based compositions, rigid porous structures including the same, methods of making and using the same |
US6902664B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2005-06-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Extremely low acidity USY and homogeneous, amorphous silica-alumina hydrocracking catalyst and process |
US6860986B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2005-03-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Extremely low acidity ultrastable Y zeolite catalyst composition and process |
US6872685B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2005-03-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for preparing a highly homogeneous amorphous silica-alumina composition |
DE10327059B4 (de) * | 2003-06-16 | 2005-12-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Konvertieren von fett- oder ölhaltigen Roh- und Abfallstoffen in Gemische mit hohem Kohlenwasserstoffanteil, mit diesem Verfahren hergestellte Produkte und deren Verwendung |
ITMI20050062A1 (it) | 2005-01-20 | 2006-07-21 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Processo per la preparazione di fenolo |
US7964761B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2011-06-21 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Processes for catalytic conversion of lignin to liquid bio-fuels and novel bio-fuels |
US7754931B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2010-07-13 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources | Production of high-cetane diesel fuel from low-quality biomass-derived feedstocks |
WO2007053292A2 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-10 | Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Polysaccharide-derived nitric oxide-releasing carbon-bound diazeniumdiolates |
US7998339B2 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2011-08-16 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process for producing a hydrocarbon component |
US7501546B2 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2009-03-10 | Neste Oil Oj | Process for producing a branched hydrocarbon component |
US7850841B2 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2010-12-14 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process for producing a branched hydrocarbon base oil from a feedstock containing aldehyde and/or ketone |
US7459597B2 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2008-12-02 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons |
BRPI0601403B1 (pt) | 2006-04-17 | 2015-11-03 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | processo de obtenção de n-parafinas a partir de óleo vegetal |
US7511181B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2009-03-31 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US7880049B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2011-02-01 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Production of liquid alkanes in the jet fuel range (C8-C15) from biomass-derived carbohydrates |
DK2032677T3 (da) | 2006-06-09 | 2021-10-18 | Albemarle Netherlands Bv | Katalytisk hydrodeoxygenering af et oxygenatråmateriale |
US8067653B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-11-29 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Methods for producing fuels and solvents |
EP1911734A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-16 | Bp Oil International Limited | Process for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and derivatives to hydrocarbons |
ITMI20062193A1 (it) | 2006-11-15 | 2008-05-16 | Eni Spa | Processo per produrre frazioni idrocarburiche da miscele di origine biologica |
US20080163543A1 (en) | 2007-01-05 | 2008-07-10 | Ramin Abhari | Process for producing bio-derived fuel with alkyl ester and iso-paraffin components |
ITMI20070522A1 (it) | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-17 | Eni Spa | Composizione idrocarburica utile come carburante e combustibile contenente una componente petrolifera e una componente di origine biologica |
US20080312480A1 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Catalytic process for converting renewable resources into paraffins for use as diesel blending stocks |
US8523959B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2013-09-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Paraffinic biologically-derived distillate fuels with bio-oxygenates for improved lubricity and methods of making same |
US8148559B1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2012-04-03 | Clemson University Research Foundation | Supercritical fluid explosion process to aid fractionation of lipids from biomass |
US7982075B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with lower hydrogen consumption |
US8003834B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-23 | Uop Llc | Integrated process for oil extraction and production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US7982076B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US7982077B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with selective separation of converted oxygen |
US7982078B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with selective separation of converted oxygen |
US7999143B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-16 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks with reduced hydrogen consumption |
US7999142B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-16 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US20090077864A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-03-26 | Marker Terry L | Integrated Process of Algae Cultivation and Production of Diesel Fuel from Biorenewable Feedstocks |
US7915460B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-03-29 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with heat integration |
FI20075794L (fi) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-10 | Upm Kymmene Oyj | Integroitu prosessi diesel-polttoaineen valmistamiseksi biologisesta materiaalista ja prosessiin liittyvät tuotteet, käyttötavat ja laitteisto |
US8026401B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2011-09-27 | Syntroleum Corporation | Hydrodeoxygenation process |
US20090166261A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Upgrading heavy hydrocarbon oils |
CA2725768A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2009-12-23 | Upm-Kymmene Oyj | An integrated process for producing diesel fuel from biological material and products and uses relating to said process |
US9005429B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2015-04-14 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbon components |
US20100050502A1 (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2010-03-04 | LiveFuels, Inc. | Systems and methods for hydrothermal conversion of algae into biofuel |
KR101696662B1 (ko) | 2008-09-10 | 2017-01-16 | 할도르 토프쉐 에이/에스 | 수소화전환 공정 및 촉매 |
CA2738333C (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2016-11-22 | Licella Pty Ltd | Bio-oil production method |
IT1392194B1 (it) | 2008-12-12 | 2012-02-22 | Eni Spa | Processo per la produzione di idrocarburi, utili per autotrazione, da miscele di origine biologica |
FR2940144B1 (fr) | 2008-12-23 | 2016-01-22 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode de transformation d'effluents d'origine renouvelable en carburant d'excellente qualite mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de molybdene |
FR2943071B1 (fr) | 2009-03-10 | 2011-05-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'hydrodesoxygenation de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec conversion limitee en decarboxylation mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene |
US8193803B2 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2012-06-05 | Consolidated Edison Company Of New York, Inc. | Current measuring device |
US8492600B2 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2013-07-23 | Gas Technology Institute | Hydropyrolysis of biomass for producing high quality fuels |
US20110028773A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Bala Subramaniam | Deoxygenation of Bio-Oils and Other Compounds to Hydrocarbons in Supercritical Media |
US8766024B2 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2014-07-01 | Phillips 66 Company | Process to mitigate the corrosion of oils/fats |
KR20120124427A (ko) | 2009-12-30 | 2012-11-13 | 바이렌트, 아이엔씨. | 폴리올의 산소환원 수소처리를 위한 개선된 촉매 |
CN102883807B (zh) | 2010-02-01 | 2015-04-22 | 苏德-化学公司 | 利用增强的催化剂载体的生成水的加氢反应和使用方法 |
JP2011246605A (ja) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-08 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | バイオ燃料製造方法 |
US8404911B2 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2013-03-26 | Jumluck Srinakruang | Process for producing fuel from vegetable oil by using ore catalyst |
US9580660B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2017-02-28 | The Texas A&M University System | Deoxygenation of biomass derived oxygenates to hydrocarbons via direct methane intervention |
US20120016167A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Hydroprocessing of biocomponent feeds with low pressure hydrogen-containing streams |
US8431756B2 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2013-04-30 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Conversion catalysts and processes having oxygenate and water stability |
KR101404228B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-05 | 2014-06-11 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 초임계유체를 이용한 재생연료의 제조방법 |
-
2012
- 2012-12-11 US US13/711,140 patent/US9024096B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-12-04 EP EP13863625.3A patent/EP2931842B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 DK DK13863625.3T patent/DK2931842T3/da active
- 2013-12-04 KR KR1020157017887A patent/KR101891871B1/ko active Active
- 2013-12-04 RS RSP20191280 patent/RS59448B1/sr unknown
- 2013-12-04 HU HUE13863625A patent/HUE045685T2/hu unknown
- 2013-12-04 HR HRP20191787TT patent/HRP20191787T1/hr unknown
- 2013-12-04 PL PL13863625T patent/PL2931842T3/pl unknown
- 2013-12-04 WO PCT/US2013/073136 patent/WO2014093099A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-10 AR ARP130104615A patent/AR093906A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-10 TW TW102145418A patent/TWI510608B/zh active
-
2015
- 2015-04-14 US US14/685,781 patent/US9675956B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110196179A1 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2011-08-11 | David Bradin | Fuel composition |
US20070144060A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-28 | Michio Ikura | Production of biodiesel from triglycerides via a thermal route |
US20080071125A1 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-20 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | Method of Converting Triglycerides to Biofuels |
US20120108861A1 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2012-05-03 | North Carolina State University | Process for conversion of biomass to fuel |
US20090266743A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | Jianhua Yao | Thermal treatment of triglycerides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2931842T3 (da) | 2019-10-14 |
HUE045685T2 (hu) | 2020-01-28 |
AR093906A1 (es) | 2015-06-24 |
EP2931842A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2931842B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
PL2931842T3 (pl) | 2020-03-31 |
US9024096B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
KR20150107730A (ko) | 2015-09-23 |
TWI510608B (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
HRP20191787T1 (hr) | 2019-12-27 |
US9675956B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
TW201439300A (zh) | 2014-10-16 |
RS59448B1 (sr) | 2019-11-29 |
US20150217265A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
WO2014093099A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
US20140163268A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
EP2931842A1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10144881B2 (en) | Conversion of triacylglycerides-containing oils to hydrocarbons | |
EP2791282A1 (en) | Methods for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oil | |
JP6336081B2 (ja) | トリアシルグリセロールが豊富な原料を変換するための並流断熱反応システム | |
KR101891871B1 (ko) | 트리아실글리세라이드를 함유한 오일의 전환 | |
US9222037B2 (en) | Apparatuses and methods for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oil |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0105 | International application |
Patent event date: 20150703 Patent event code: PA01051R01D Comment text: International Patent Application |
|
PA0201 | Request for examination | ||
PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20170523 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20171129 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 20180530 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Comment text: Registration of Establishment Patent event date: 20180820 Patent event code: PR07011E01D |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Payment date: 20180820 End annual number: 3 Start annual number: 1 |
|
PG1601 | Publication of registration | ||
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20210715 Start annual number: 4 End annual number: 4 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20220718 Start annual number: 5 End annual number: 5 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20230705 Start annual number: 6 End annual number: 6 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20240703 Start annual number: 7 End annual number: 7 |