KR101888829B1 - Adsorption carrier using silica fume and calcium hydroxide, and method of manufacturing there of - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adsorption carrier using silica fume and calcium hydroxide, and a method of manufacturing the same, and more specifically, to an invention for manufacturing an adsorption carrier with high strength through mixing clay and an organic substance containing a carbon component to form a carrier, and through using the chemical reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an adsorptive carrier using silica fume and calcium hydroxide, and a method for producing the same, and a method for producing the same. BACKGROUND ART < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The present invention relates to an adsorption carrier using silica fume and calcium hydroxide and a process for producing the same, and more particularly, to a process for preparing a carrier by mixing a clay and an organic material containing a carbon component, and using a chemical reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide, .

In recent years, problems have arisen due to not only bad odors in various industrial production processes regulated by the law but also bad odors in workplaces not presented in the law.

According to the National Statistical Office (2015) data, complaints of stench are increasing from 2,735 cases in 2011 to 4,417 cases in 2011 based on non-regulated workplaces, to 61.5%.

In addition, odorous substances are discharged through various sources and routes in environmental basic facilities such as food composting facility, feed conversion facility, life automobile collection facility, sewage disposal plant, and manure disposal facility located in a residential area, .

In addition, due to the need for policies to promote the utilization of recycled resources in the resource crisis, Korea 's waste policy strongly encourages recycling of generated waste as much as possible.

Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the environmental load and to utilize it in terms of recycling for incineration ash generated from municipal refuse incinerator.

Most of the recycling techniques using incineration ash are focused on the use of molding materials such as pavement block and construction materials such as ground reinforcement after compression molding.

As a prior art to be a background technique of the present invention, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3960946 (hereinafter referred to as "Prior Art 1"), Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1112719 (hereinafter referred to as "Prior Art 2" Patent Document No. 10-1348456 (hereinafter referred to as "Prior Document 3") and Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1142548 (hereinafter referred to as "Prior Document 4").

The above prior art document 1 relates to a method for producing porous calcium silicate and a method for producing porous calcium silicate having a high oil absorbency and high productivity with porous calcium silicate.

Prior Art 1 The present invention uses a porous calcium silicate powder containing a part of calcium hydroxide in silica as an adsorbent, but it absorbs mainly oil and is not suitable for use in removing odor.

Prior Art 2 relates to a solidified block composition using sludge and inorganic waste resources and a block having improved physical properties by remineralizing inorganic waste materials by a method of manufacturing the same.

The prior art 2 invention is not suitable for use in removing odor because it is manufactured from a road block, a river and a shore block, and a boundary block.

Prior Art 3 relates to a solidifying agent for rapidly solidifying the sewage sludge by removing the water from the sewage sludge by means of a functional fire for sewage sludge so as to be recycled for artificial soil.

Prior Art 3 The invention includes fly ash, diatomaceous earth, and silica fume, but it is manufactured in powder form and sprinkled on the place where odor is generated, so it is difficult to remove the odor generated in the air.

Prior art document 4 relates to a block to be applied to an adsorption block, an ecological block, a fish block, etc. of a catchment or an early stormwater treatment facility by a permeable adsorptive ceramic purification block and a manufacturing method thereof.

Prior Art Document 4 The inventive block is difficult or impossible to remove odor because no void is formed.

<Prior Art Literature>

(Prior Art 1) Japanese Patent Publication No. 3960946

(Prior Art 2) Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1112719

(Prior Art 3) Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1348456

(Prior Art 4) Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1142548

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to recycle waste without utilization to recycle resources.

The adsorption carrier of the present invention includes a binding substance, and the structure of the carrier is hardly formed so that the structure of the adsorption carrier is maintained from various physical forces generated during the removal of the odor.

In addition, the present invention attempts to purify the air by adsorbing odor-inducing gaseous substances generated during the removal of the odor.

Furthermore, the present invention aims to enlarge the pores of the carrier to enhance the adhesion and integration of the microorganisms, thereby expanding the function of removing odors.

Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a semi-permanently usable adsorbent carrier by replacing only the worn part.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a clay composition comprising 15 to 25% by weight of clay; 15 to 25% by weight of soft material; 30 to 40% by weight of organic matter; 12 to 23% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume; And 0.1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide, so as to solve the technical problem by providing an adsorbent having a strength of 2 to 2.5 N / mm ² .

The method for preparing an adsorbent according to the present invention comprises the steps of: (S110) mixing materials into a mixture; (S120) in which the mixture is formed; (S130) in which the molded mixture is dried; A step (S140) in which the dried mixture is fired at a high temperature; (S150) in which the calcined mixture is cured as a porous adsorption carrier.

The mixture of the present invention comprises 15 to 25% by weight of clay; 15 to 25% by weight of soft material; 30 to 40% by weight of organic matter; 12 to 23% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume; And 0.1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide.

The molded mixture of the present invention is characterized in that it is produced by at least one of pellet, plate, bulk and spherical.

The molded mixture in the step (S130) of drying the molded mixture of the present invention is dried at 150 to 250 ° C for 2 to 4 hours.

The dried mixture in the step (S140) in which the dried mixture of the present invention is fired at a high temperature is pyrolytically fired at 600 to 1,250 ° C for 30 to 70 minutes.

The present invention has the effect that the waste is recycled and the resources are recycled.

The adsorption carrier of the present invention includes a binding substance, and the structure of the carrier is hardly formed, so that the structure of the adsorption carrier is maintained from various physical forces generated during the removal of odors.

In addition, the present invention has the effect of purifying the air by adsorbing the odor-inducing gaseous substances generated during the removal of the odor by forming many voids.

Furthermore, the present invention has an effect that the voids of the carrier can be enlarged to increase the adhesion and integration of microorganisms, thereby enlarging the function of removing odors and combining them with other products.

Furthermore, the present invention has the effect of being semi-permanently usable by replacing only the worn part.

1 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a porous adsorption carrier.
Fig. 2 shows a dried adsorbed support after molding.
FIG. 3 is an adsorption carrier prepared after a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction.
Figure 4 is a porous sorbent carrier of different sizes prepared by high temperature calcination.
5 shows the structure of the molded mixture at 100 magnifications.
6 shows the result of measurement of the components of the mixture by EDX.
7 is a kneader used in the present invention.
8 is an extrusion molding machine used in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a tool used in the firing in the present invention.
10 is an adsorbent carrier produced by the method of another embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a photograph of the crystal structure of molten slag.
Fig. 12 shows a particle size distribution curve of melted slag.
<Description of Symbols>
S110: a step in which the materials are mixed to become a mixture
S120: step in which the mixture is molded
S130: step in which the molded mixture is dried
S140: step in which the dried mixture is calcined at a high temperature
S150: a step in which the calcined mixture is cured as a porous adsorption carrier

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be easily understood by the following embodiments.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein, but may be embodied in other forms. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. , &Lt; / RTI &gt; equivalents, or alternatives.

Therefore, it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited by the following embodiments, and all transformations included in the technical idea and technical scope of the present invention are included. That is, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions, substitutions, substitutions, improvements, additions, substitutions, additions, substitutions, additions, substitutions, additions, It will be understood that it is also within the scope of the invention.

The present invention is capable of various modifications and various embodiments, and specific embodiments are illustrated and described in the drawings. The sizes of the elements or the relative sizes between the elements in the figures may be exaggerated somewhat for a clear understanding of the invention. Further, the shape of the elements shown in the drawings may be somewhat modified by variations in the manufacturing process or the like.

Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed herein should not be limited to the shapes shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified,

.

On the contrary, the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with any other embodiments as long as there is no clear counterpoint. Any feature that is specifically or advantageously indicated as being advantageous may be combined with any other feature or feature that is indicated as being preferred or advantageous. That is, various aspects, features, embodiments, or implementations of the invention may be used singly or in various combinations.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the claims, and all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood in the art Has the same meaning as is generally understood by a person with. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the examples of the present invention, the content ratio of the composition is &quot;% by weight &quot; unless otherwise specified.

&Lt; Example 1: Preparation of porous adsorbent carrier &

1 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a porous adsorption carrier.

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

clay; Soft material; Organic matter; And combinations thereof may be prepared, but are not limited thereto.

First, clay; Soft material; And organic materials may be mixed to prepare a basic dough, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

15 to 25% by weight of the clay; 15 to 25% by weight of soft material; And 30 to 40% by weight of organic matter; preferably 17 to 23% by weight of clay; 17 to 23% by weight of soft material; And 32 to 37% by weight of organic matter; most preferably 20% by weight of clay; 20% by weight of soft material; And 35% by weight of organic matter, but is not limited thereto.

The soft material may include palm oil shell, coal ash, briquettes, waste incineration ash, and the like.

The coal ash can be classified into fly ash and bottom ash. The fly ash is more than 12% of briquettes and is used for landfill. Less than 2% of briquettes are used as a substitute for cement. .

The organic material may include organic waste such as sawdust, dried orange peel, etc .; Agricultural wastes such as rice hull, rice bran, and rice straw; Bean sprouts; Waste wastes from sewage sludge (wastewater sludge), paper sludge, etc.; But are not limited thereto.

The above-mentioned bean sprouts refers to by-products obtained after boiling coffee beans and extracting coffee.

According to the present invention, by using soft materials and organic materials, which are waste products, in the production of an adsorbent carrier, it is possible to reduce the use of natural resources by increasing the net exchange rate of waste resources, and economical carriers can be manufactured by utilizing waste resources.

Table 1 below shows the results of analysis of components of rice husks, rice bran, rice straw and bean waste.

ingredient(%) moisture Crude protein Crude fiber Views min chaff 43.8 3.7 30.2 12.9 Rice bran 38.1 14.2 8.4 8.3 Rice straw 39.9 2.29 0.8 5.1 Bean sprouts 29 11.23 24.02 0.74

As shown in Table 1, the highest contents of rice hull, rice bran, rice straw and bean waste were 43.8%, 38.1%, 39.9% and 29%, respectively.

Particularly, agricultural hogs such as rice hull, rice bran and rice straw and bean sprouts contain high moisture, and voids are formed according to the combustion temperature condition in the production of the porous adsorption carrier.

The conjugate is used to firmly maintain the structure of the porous adsorption carrier. More particularly, coal tar pitch; Silica fume; And calcium hydroxide, and a coal tar pitch of 12 to 23% by weight; 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume; And 0.1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; preferably 15 to 20% by weight of a coal tar pitch; 3 to 8% by weight of silica fume; And 1-4% by weight of calcium hydroxide; most preferably 17% by weight of coal tar pitch; 5% by weight of silica fume; And 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; however, it is not limited thereto.

When the coal tar pitch is pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ or less, liquid crystals are formed. After the heat treatment, polymerization by polycondensation and elimination of volatile components are carried out through carbonization and graphitization to form dense graphite structure.

These advantages make it possible to produce carbon fibers and carbon / carbon composites of superior quality.

In addition, the coal tar pitch is reacted with oxygen at a temperature below the softening point for a long time to decompose the functional group such as methyl to induce insolubilization of the molded body, and the oxidation stabilization process is performed.

The molded body after this process is insolubilized to ensure dimensional stability during carbonization and graphitization, and the mechanical properties are improved due to dense structure due to oxygen crosslinking reaction.

In addition, it is effective to carry out the oxidation stabilization at a low temperature for a long time. This is because when the oxidation stabilization at a high temperature forms an oxide film on the surface due to a rapid oxygen diffusion rate, a stress difference is generated on the surface and inside.

Further, when the heat treatment temperature is about 500 ° C., the coal tar pitch is strengthened at an appropriate temperature to make the composition and the structure that can improve the water purification treatment efficiency when it is utilized for purification of water by the point-payment.

Silica fume is used in the business of cement and concrete products, refractories, high-strength structures, etc., by collecting and filtering the gas produced during the production of silicon iron and silicon metal. It is an amorphous active silica as an almost spherical particle with an average particle size of 0.15 μm.

In the present invention, silica fume reacts with calcium hydroxide as shown in the following formula (1) and converts to calcium hydrate at room temperature to exhibit super pozzolanic properties.

&Lt; Formula 1 >

As described above, the strengthening of the non-recrystallized grains is enhanced by the filling effect of the silica fume, and the inhibition of the alkali silica reaction and the chemical resistance are improved.

The mixture is put into a kneader as shown in FIG. 7 and mixed.

2) the step of forming the mixture (S120)

Since the mixture is in a kneaded state, it can be molded into a desired shape.

When extruded through the extrusion molding machine as shown in FIG. 8, it can be produced in various forms such as pellets, plate shapes, masses, and spheres, Or in spherical form, but are not limited thereto.

When the mixture is formed into pellets, it is formed in a certain size and can exhibit a certain efficiency at the time of adsorption.

When the mixture is molded into a spherical shape, it can be used not only as a carrier to remove odor but also as a carrier capable of adsorbing microorganisms in a bioreactor.

3) step S130, in which the molded mixture is dried,

The molded mixture may be dried at 150 to 250 ° C for 2 to 4 hours, preferably at 170 to 230 ° C for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably at 200 ° C for 3 hours. It is not limited.

A drying step is included in order to generate cavities primarily by the carbonization of organic substances present in the mixture formed through the drying process.

Fig. 2 shows a dried adsorbed support after molding.

4) step (S140) in which the dried mixture is fired at a high temperature,

The mixture dried in the process of step 3) above may be calcined at a high temperature.

Fig. 9 is a tool used in the firing in the present invention.

The firing temperature may be fired at 600 to 1,250 ° C., preferably 700 to 1,100 ° C., more preferably 800 to 1,000 ° C., and most preferably 850 to 950 ° C. The firing time is preferably 30 to 70 minutes, May be pyrolytically fired for 45 to 65 minutes, more preferably 58 to 63 minutes, and most preferably 60 minutes, but the firing temperature and time are not limited thereto.

In order to dissolve the silica fume of the adsorption carrier, it is necessary to firing at a temperature of at least 600 ° C. and a time of 30 minutes or longer, and firing at a temperature of 1,250 ° C. or less and a time of 70 minutes or less in order to sufficiently burn organic substances in the mixture.

The adsorption carrier is fired at a temperature of 850 to 950 ° C and for a time of 60 minutes in order to form fine pores inside.

Through the pyrolysis and firing process at such a high temperature, the bond including the coal tar pitch, silica fume and calcium hydroxide bonds firmly to the structure of the carrier, and the organic substance which is not burned in the drying process is pyrolyzed to enlarge the void.

Further, the molded mixture is removed by adsorbing the odorous substance into the expanded activated pores through thermal decomposition and calcination.

Further, the fired mixture can be used by enlarging the adhesion and integration of the microorganisms through the enlarged pores and expanding the malodor removing function and combining them with other products.

When the pyrolysis and calcination is completed, it becomes a porous adsorption carrier and can be used as an adsorbent.

FIG. 3 is an adsorption carrier prepared after a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction.

5) step (S150) in which the calcined mixture is cured as a porous adsorptive carrier;

Porous adsorbent carriers can be cured to enhance strength.

Curing conditions can be cured at room temperature for 6 to 8 days, preferably 7 days, but are not limited thereto.

If curing of the adsorbent carrier is performed at a low temperature, it is difficult to increase the strength, so that the carrier may be broken from the physical force generated upon adsorption of the odor.

Figure 4 is a porous sorbent carrier of different sizes prepared by high temperature calcination.

&Lt; Example 2: Preparation of porous adsorption carrier &

A porous adsorbent carrier can be prepared by further containing a rare earth in the mixture of Example 1. [

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 1 may further contain a rare earth element.

The mixture of Example 2 was clay; Soft material; Organic matter; Rare earths; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; Organic matter; And the same binder as in Example 1 were used.

More particularly 15 to 25% by weight of clay; 15 to 20% by weight of soft material; 30 to 40% by weight of organic matter; And 0.1 to 5% by weight of rare earths; preferably 17 to 21% by weight of clay; 16 to 20% by weight of soft material; 32 to 37% by weight of organic matter; And 1 to 5% by weight rare earth; and most preferably 19% by weight of clay; 18% by weight of soft material; 35% by weight of organic matter; And 3 wt% of rare earths, but are not limited thereto.

The rare earths have a total of 17 elements such as 15 elements from atomic number 57 lanthanum (La, Lanthanum) to 71 lutetium (Lu, Lutetium), 21 scandium (Sc, Scandium) and 39 yttrium (Y, Yttrium) Collectively.

In addition, rare earths have the meaning of metal elements that are very rarely found in nature.

In the present invention, it is best to use rare earths containing lanthanum. Rare earth containing lanthanum can be adsorbed and removed by phosphorus, which is the main material of secondary films, when used in water.

The conjugate is used to firmly maintain the structure of the porous adsorption carrier.

More specifically, it includes coal tar pitch, silica fume and calcium hydroxide, and may include 12 to 22% by weight of coal tar pitch, 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide, , 3 to 8 wt% of silica fume, and 1 to 4 wt% of calcium hydroxide, and most preferably 17 wt% of a coal tar pitch, 5 wt% of silica fume, and 3 wt% of calcium hydroxide. Do not.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

The porous adsorbent carrier may be manufactured in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

In particular, the firing temperature can be fired at 600 to 1,250 ° C, preferably 700 to 1,100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1,000 ° C, and most preferably 850 to 950 ° C, and the firing time is preferably 30 to 70 minutes , Preferably 45 to 65 minutes, more preferably 58 to 63 minutes, and most preferably 60 minutes. However, the firing temperature and time are not limited thereto.

In order to improve the strength of the adsorbent carrier due to the rare earth metals, it must be at least 600 ° C. and it should be carried out at a temperature of 1,250 ° C. or less to prevent deterioration of other binders.

&Lt; Example 3: Preparation of a porous adsorption carrier &

A porous adsorbent carrier can be prepared by further including water glass or waste glass in the mixture of Example 1.

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 1 may further contain water glass or waste glass.

The mixture of Example 3 was clay; Soft material; Organic matter; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; And the same organic material as in Example 1 were used.

More specifically 15 to 23% by weight of clay; 14 to 22% by weight of soft material; And 30 to 40% by weight of organic matter; preferably 17 to 21% by weight of clay; 16 to 20% by weight of soft material; And 33 to 37% by weight of organic matter, most preferably 19% by weight of clay; 18% by weight of soft material; And 35% by weight of organic matter, but is not limited thereto.

The conjugate is used to firmly maintain the structure of the porous adsorption carrier.

More particularly, coal tar pitch; Silica fume; Calcium hydroxide; And water glass or waste glass, and water glass or waste glass can be powder, but is not limited thereto.

More specifically 10 to 20% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 1 to 10% by weight of water glass or waste glass, preferably 13 to 18% by weight of coal tar pitch; 3 to 8% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 3 to 7% by weight of water glass or waste glass; most preferably 15% by weight of coal tar pitch; 5% by weight of silica fume; 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

Particularly, water glass or waste glass is excellent in adhesion force for enhancing strong adsorption force and strength in the form of powder, and can be manufactured when a carrier having improved strength is included in the manufacture of an adsorption carrier.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

A porous adsorbent support having a further improved strength can be produced in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

In particular, the firing temperature can be fired at 600 to 1,250 ° C, preferably 700 to 1,100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1,000 ° C, and most preferably 850 to 950 ° C, and the firing time is preferably 30 to 70 minutes , Preferably 45 to 65 minutes, more preferably 58 to 63 minutes, and most preferably 60 minutes. However, the firing temperature and time are not limited thereto.

When water glass is used during firing, it must be at least 600 ° C to form a large number of pores in the carrier in the event of a rapid vaporization, and at a temperature of 1,250 ° C or lower in order to produce uniform pores.

When waste glass is used during firing, it must be at least 600 ° C. in order to increase the density as the glass content increases. In order to prevent the density from decreasing due to the increase of the glass content, .

&Lt; Example 4: Preparation of porous adsorbent carrier &

A porous adsorbent carrier can be prepared by further containing a rare earth in the mixture of Example 3.

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 3 may further contain rare earth.

The mixture of Example 4 is clay; Soft material; Organic matter; Rare earths; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; And the same organic material as in Example 1 were used.

The same rare earth metals as in Example 2 were used.

More specifically 15 to 23% by weight of clay; 14 to 22% by weight of soft material; 30 to 40% by weight of organic matter; And 1 to 5% by weight of rare earths; preferably 17 to 21% by weight of clay; 16 to 20% by weight of soft material; 33 to 37% by weight of organic matter; And 2 to 4% by weight of rare earths; and most preferably 19% by weight of clay; 18% by weight of soft material; 35% by weight of organic matter; And 3 wt% of rare earths, but are not limited thereto.

The conjugate was used to keep the structure of the porous adsorption carrier firmly and the same as that of Example 3 was used.

More particularly, coal tar pitch; Silica fume; Calcium hydroxide; And water glass or waste glass, and water glass or waste glass can be powder, but is not limited thereto.

More specifically 9 to 15% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 1 to 10% by weight of water glass or waste glass, preferably 10 to 14% by weight of a coal tar pitch; 3 to 8% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 3 to 7% by weight of water glass or waste glass; most preferably 12% by weight of coal tar pitch; 5% by weight of silica fume; 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

Particularly, water glass or waste glass powder is excellent in adhesion force for enhancing strong adsorption force and strength, and can be produced when a carrier having enhanced strength is included in the production of an adsorption carrier.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

A porous adsorbent support having a further improved strength can be produced in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

&Lt; Example 5: Preparation of porous adsorption carrier &

The porous adsorption carrier can be produced by further including water glass or waste glass and molten slag in the mixture of Example 1. [

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 1 may further contain water glass or waste glass and molten slag.

The mixture of Example 3 was clay; Soft material; Organic matter; Molten slag; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; And the same organic material as in Example 1 were used.

More particularly 15 to 20% by weight of clay; 15 to 20% by weight of soft material; 30 to 35% by weight of organic matter; And 1 to 10% by weight of molten slag, preferably 16 to 20% by weight of clay; 15 to 19% by weight of soft material; 31 to 35% by weight of organic matter; And 5 to 9 wt% molten slag; and most preferably 18 wt% clay; 17% by weight of soft material; 33 wt% organic matter; And 7% by weight molten slag; however, it is not limited thereto.

The molten slag means a molten slag ash which is obtained as a byproduct obtained through the treatment of municipal waste, and a molten slag ash obtained by melting municipal waste at 1,350 to 1,450 ° C in a pyrolysis solid solubilization furnace.

In addition, combustion heat of pyrolysis solid (char) and refuse plastic fuel (RPF) was utilized as a melting heat source in the melting reaction.

Further, the molten slag is used to increase the strength of the adsorbent carrier by forming a vitreous material corresponding to a glassy range containing 20 to 50% of SiO ₂ in the inorganic component.

Furthermore, by recycling molten slag, which is difficult to store, environmental pollutant emissions can be minimized.

The conjugate is used to firmly maintain the structure of the porous adsorption carrier.

More particularly, coal tar pitch; Silica fume; Calcium hydroxide; And water glass or waste glass, and water glass or waste glass can be powder, but is not limited thereto.

More specifically 5 to 15% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 5% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 5 to 15% by weight of water glass or waste glass, preferably 8 to 12% by weight of coal tar pitch; 2 to 4% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 8 to 12% by weight of water glass or waste glass; most preferably 10% by weight of coal tar pitch; 3% by weight of silica fume; 2% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 10 wt% of water glass or waste glass; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

Particularly, water glass or waste glass powder is excellent in adhesion force for enhancing strong adsorption force and strength, and can be produced when a carrier having enhanced strength is included in the production of an adsorption carrier.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

A porous adsorbent support having a further improved strength can be produced in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

In particular, the firing temperature can be fired at 600 to 1,250 ° C, preferably 700 to 1,100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1,000 ° C, and most preferably 850 to 950 ° C, and the firing time is preferably 30 to 70 minutes , Preferably 45 to 65 minutes, more preferably 58 to 63 minutes, and most preferably 60 minutes. However, the firing temperature and time are not limited thereto.

In order to improve the strength of the adsorbent carrier due to the sintering action of the molten slag during firing, the temperature should be 600 ° C. or higher and the temperature should be lower than 1,250 ° C. in order to prevent the strength from being decreased due to melting phenomenon.

&Lt; Example 6: Preparation of porous adsorbent carrier &

A porous adsorbent carrier can be prepared by further including rare earths in the mixture of Example 5.

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 5 may further contain rare earths.

The mixture of Example 6 is clay; Soft material; Organic matter; Molten slag; Rare earths; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; And the same organic material as in Example 1 were used.

The molten slag used was the same as in Example 5.

The same rare earth metals as in Example 2 were used.

More particularly 15 to 20% by weight of clay; 15 to 20% by weight of soft material; 30 to 35% by weight of organic matter; 5 to 10% by weight of molten slag; And 1 to 5% by weight of rare earths; preferably 16 to 20% by weight of clay; 15 to 19% by weight of soft material; 31 to 35% by weight of organic matter; 5 to 8% by weight of molten slag; And 2-4 weight percent rare earth; and most preferably 18 weight percent clay; 17% by weight of soft material; 33 wt% organic matter; 6% by weight molten slag; And 3 wt% of rare earths, but are not limited thereto.

The above-mentioned conjugate was used to keep the structure of the porous adsorption carrier firmly, and the same as that of Example 5 was used.

The bond is a coal tar pitch; Silica fume; Calcium hydroxide; And water glass or waste glass, and water glass or waste glass can be powder, but is not limited thereto.

More specifically 5 to 12% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 10% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 1 to 10% by weight of water glass or waste glass, preferably 8 to 12% by weight of coal tar pitch; 3 to 8% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 3 to 7% by weight of water glass or waste glass; most preferably 10% by weight of coal tar pitch; 5% by weight of silica fume; 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

Particularly, water glass or waste glass powder is excellent in adhesion force for enhancing strong adsorption force and strength, and can be produced when a carrier having enhanced strength is included in the production of an adsorption carrier.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

A porous adsorbent support having a further improved strength can be produced in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

&Lt; Example 7: Preparation of porous adsorbent carrier &

A porous adsorbent carrier can be prepared by further including molten slag and a phenolic resin in the mixture of Example 1.

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 1 may further contain molten slag and phenol resin.

The mixture of Example 7 is clay; Soft material; Organic matter; Molten slag; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; And the same organic material as in Example 1 were used.

The molten slag used was the same as in Example 5.

More particularly 15 to 21% by weight of clay; 20 to 23% by weight of soft material; 25 to 30% by weight of organic matter; And 5 to 13% by weight of molten slag, preferably 17 to 21% by weight of clay; 18 to 22% by weight of soft material; 26-30% by weight of organic matter; And 8-12 wt% molten slag; and most preferably 19 wt% clay; 20% by weight of soft material; 28% by weight of organic matter; And 10 wt% molten slag; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

The conjugate is used to firmly maintain the structure of the porous adsorption carrier.

More particularly, coal tar pitch; Silica fume; Calcium hydroxide; And a phenolic resin, and 10 to 20% by weight of a coal tar pitch; 1 to 5% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 1 to 5% by weight of a phenolic resin, preferably 13 to 17% by weight of a coal tar pitch; 1 to 3% by weight of silica fume; 2 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 2 to 4% by weight of a phenolic resin; most preferably 15% by weight of a coal tar pitch; 2% by weight of silica fume; 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; And 3% by weight of a phenolic resin; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

The phenolic resin is superior to the epoxy resin in stability against heat and chemicals, and has a high carbon yield of 55 to 66%.

These characteristics make it possible to increase the resistance to heat and chemicals by increasing the stiffness due to the crosslinking of the phenol resin by the irreversible chemical reaction at the time of sintering at a high temperature due to the high heat distortion temperature when used in the production of the adsorbent carrier.

Particularly, the phenol resin is pyrolyzed when it is heated at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher, and a large amount of coke-like carbon is left as the residual carbon, thereby making it possible to produce an adsorptive carrier having a strong mechanical strength and heat resistance.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

A porous adsorbent support having a further improved strength can be produced in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

In particular, the firing temperature can be fired at 600 to 1,250 ° C, preferably 700 to 1,100 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1,000 ° C, and most preferably 850 to 950 ° C, and the firing time is preferably 30 to 70 minutes , Preferably 45 to 65 minutes, more preferably 58 to 63 minutes, and most preferably 60 minutes. However, the firing temperature and time are not limited thereto.

In order to improve the strength of the adsorbent carrier due to pyrolysis of the phenol resin during firing, it should be at least 600 ° C. and it should be carried out at a temperature of 1,250 ° C. or less to prevent deterioration of other binders.

&Lt; Example 8: Preparation of porous adsorbent carrier &

A porous adsorbent carrier can be prepared by further including rare earth and water glass or waste glass in the mixture of Example 7.

1) a step S110 in which the materials are mixed to form a mixture;

The mixture of Example 7 may further contain rare earth and water glass or waste glass.

The mixture of Example 8 was clay; Soft material; Organic matter; Molten slag; Rare earths; And the binder may be mixed.

clay; Soft material; And the same organic material as in Example 1 were used.

The molten slag used was the same as in Example 5.

The same rare earth metals as in Example 2 were used.

More particularly 15 to 22 wt% of clay; 15 to 23% by weight of soft material; 25 to 30% by weight of organic matter; 5 to 10% by weight of molten slag; And 1 to 5% by weight of rare earths; preferably 17 to 21% by weight of clay; 18 to 22% by weight of soft material; 26-30% by weight of organic matter; 6 to 10% by weight of molten slag; And 1 to 3% by weight of rare earths; and most preferably 19% by weight of clay; 20% by weight of soft material; 28% by weight of organic matter; 8% by weight molten slag; And 2% by weight of rare earths; however, it is not limited thereto.

The conjugate is used to firmly maintain the structure of the porous adsorption carrier.

More particularly, coal tar pitch; Silica fume; Calcium hydroxide; Phenolic resin; And water glass or waste glass.

Coal tar pitch; Silica fume; And calcium hydroxide were the same as those used in Example 1.

The same phenol resin as in Example 7 was used, and the same water glass or waste glass as in Example 3 was used.

More specifically 10 to 15% by weight of a coal tar pitch; 1 to 5% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 5% by weight of calcium hydroxide; 0.1 to 3% by weight of a phenolic resin; And 1 to 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass, preferably 11 to 15% by weight of coal tar pitch; 1 to 3% by weight of silica fume; 1 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide; 0.1 to 2% by weight of a phenolic resin; And 3 to 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass; most preferably 13% by weight of coal tar pitch; 2% by weight of silica fume; 3% by weight of calcium hydroxide; 1% by weight of phenolic resin; And 4% by weight of water glass or waste glass; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In particular, the strength of the adsorptive carrier is increased through the optimal combination of binders.

2) step S210 in which the adsorption carrier is produced;

A porous adsorbent support having a further improved strength can be produced in the same manner as in step 2) S120 of step 1) to step S150).

<Experimental Example 1: Component analysis>

The nonconjugated components used in the mixture of the present invention were analyzed.

Table 2 shows the result of analyzing the non-meeting components.

ingredient Si Al Ca Fe K Ti Mg Na Content (% by weight) 20.77 2.3 12.61 5.24 1.23 0.69 2.17 8.73

As shown in Table 2 and FIG. 6, in the case of non-contact, the Si component is contained the most as 20.77% by weight, so that the SiC can be strengthened by imparting a filling effect to the adsorbent carrier.

Also, it can be seen that the non-ferrous materials include 2.3 wt%, 12.61 wt%, and 5.24 wt% of Al, Ca, and Fe, respectively, and affect the void structure of the adsorbent support.

<Experimental Example 2> Physical property analysis>

Physical properties of the adsorbent carrier prepared in Examples 1 to 8 were analyzed.

In addition, the mixture of Examples 1 to 8 was used as the experimental group. When the adsorbent was used as the adsorbent, the particle size was 1 to 3 cm or when the adsorbent was used as the adsorption carrier, the adsorbent was manufactured to have a spherical shape of 3 to 5 cm. So that odor can be adsorbed and removed.

As a control group, commercially available ceramic supports (hereinafter referred to as comparative examples) were used.

Table 3 below shows the comparison between the adsorbent carrier of the present invention and a commercially available ceramic carrier.

Porosity (%) Density (g / cm ³⁾ Strength (N / mm ² ) Example 1 50 to 60 0.6 to 0.7 2 to 2.5 Example 2 50 to 60 0.65 to 0.7 2.5 to 2.8 Example 3 55 ~ 60 0.68 to 0.7 2.5 to 3 Example 4 55 ~ 60 0.68 to 0.75 2.8 to 3.4 Example 5 60 to 70 0.7 to 0.8 3 ~ 3.7 Example 6 65 ~ 75 0.75 to 0.8 3.5 ~ 4 Example 7 80 ~ 85 0.6 to 0.8 3.8 to 4.1 Example 8 80 ~ 87 0.7 to 0.8 4 ~ 4.3 Comparative Example 40 to 50 - 2 to 2.5

As shown in Table 3, the porosity of the example was 50 to 87%. In detail, the porosity of Example 8 was 80 to 87%, and that of Example 7 was 80 to 85% And that of Example 6 was as high as 65% to 75%.

Comparing the porosity of the example and the comparative example, it can be seen that there is a difference of about 1 to 2.2 times.

The density of the embodiment is 0.6 to 0.8 g / cm &lt; ³ &gt;, which is smaller than 1 g / cm &lt; ³ &gt;

Further, the embodiment 2 ~ 4.3N / has a strength of ² mm, and more particularly in Example 8 was higher by 4 to 4.3N / mm ² on a primary, Example 7 is 3.8 ~ 4.1N / mm ² And in Example 6 was 3.5 to 4 N / mm &lt; ² &^gt;

When the strengths of Examples and Comparative Examples are compared, it can be seen that there is a difference of about 0.8 to 2.2 times.

As described above, the adsorption carrier of the present invention exhibits improved physical properties such as porosity and strength, compared with commercial ceramic carriers.

It can be deduced that the strength improves depending on the constitution combination of the binders contained in the adsorbent carrier of the present invention.

<Experimental Example 3> Components of purified water sludge>

The components of the sewage sludge among the organic materials used in the mixture of the present invention were analyzed.

Table 4 below shows the results of analyzing the components of sewage sludge.

ingredient SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ P ₂ O ₅ CaO Fe ₂ O ₃ K ₂ O TiO ₂ MgO Na ₂ O weight% 34.8 18.37 1.3 4.28 6.71 1.65 0.7 1.3 1.15

As shown in Table 4, the sewage sludge used in the present invention mainly contains an inorganic component and has properties similar to that of clay when compared with soil.

In addition, the sewage sludge is mainly composed of the first settling sludge and the excess sludge, and mainly composed of SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ are composed of 34.8% by weight and 18.37% by weight, respectively, so that the structure of the adsorbent carrier is firmly maintained through thermal decomposition and calcination.

<Experimental Example 4> Characterization of melted slag>

The characteristics of the molten slag used in Examples 5 to 8 of the present invention were analyzed.

Table 5 below shows the chemical composition ratio of molten slag.

ingredient weight% ingredient weight% SiO ₂ 47 P ₂ O ₅ 1.9 CaO 24 PbO 0.01 Al ₂ O ₃ 15.35 K ₂ O 1.34 MnO 0.1 TiO ₂ 0.9 MgO 3.15 ZrO ₂ 0.18 Na ₂ O 5.55 CuO 0.12 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.4

As shown in Table 5, the main components of molten slag are on average 47% by weight of SiO ₂ , 24% by weight of CaO and 15.35% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , accounting for about 86% of the total.

As a result, it can be seen that the molten slag is composed mainly of an inorganic material, and it is found that the crystallized glass is obtained within the range of glass quality, and the strength of the adsorption carrier is improved.

FIG. 11 is a photograph of the crystal structure of molten slag using a scanning electron microscope, which shows a glassy black crystal form and a smooth particle surface.

FIG. 12 shows a particle size distribution curve of molten slag, and it can be confirmed that the total grain size is distributed in the range of 0.25 to 10 mm.

In particular, it can be seen that the molten slag is mainly distributed in the range of 1 to 5 mm.

The uniformity coefficient (Cu) is 3.75, which is smaller than 6 when the sand is used as a reference, and the curvature coefficient (Cg) is good at 1.067.

<Experimental Example 5: Analysis of dissolution of molten slag>

The elution of the molten slag used in Examples 5 to 8 of the present invention was analyzed.

Since molten slag is a raw material starting from waste, the possibility of leaching of heavy metals contained in ash is large, so environmental stability should be proved.

Therefore, the dissolution experiment was performed using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) proposed by the US EPA.

Table 6 below shows the dissolution test results of molten slag.

Item Criteria for hazard assessment (mg / L) Analysis Primary Secondary Third As Not more than 1.5 N N N CD 0.3 or less N N N Cu 3 or less N N N Pb 3 or less N N N Hg 0.005 or less N N N CN 1 or less N N N Cr ⁶⁺ Not more than 1.5 N N N

As shown in Table 6, arsenic (AS), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cyan .

&Lt; Experimental Example 6 >

Adsorption capacity of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and toluene was confirmed by using the adsorbent carrier prepared by the production method of the present invention.

Table 7 below shows the adsorption capacity of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and toluene present in the gas using an adsorbent support.

mg / g ammonia Hydrogen sulfide toluene Example 1 0.4 to 0.41 0.74 to 0.75 53 ~ 55 Example 2 0.413-0.42 0.88 to 0.891 55.4 to 56 Example 3 0.43 to 0.438 0.87 to 0.876 56.4 to 57.6 Example 4 0.46 to 0.47 0.9 to 0.95 58.3 to 59.1 Example 5 0.48 to 0.483 0.9 to 0.96 61.1 to 62 Example 6 0.47 to 0.479 0.937 to 0.94 59.49 to 60 Example 7 0.48 to 0.5 1 to 1.1 60.2 to 60.9 Example 8 0.512 ~ 0.53 1 to 1.23 61.8 to 62.5

Table 7 shows that the ammonia adsorption capacity of the examples is 0.4 to 0.53 mg / g, the hydrogen sulfide adsorption capacity is 0.74 to 1.23 mg / g, and the toluene adsorption capacity is 53 to 62.5 mg / g.

It can be confirmed that the adsorption carrier according to the embodiment has higher adsorption amount to toluene which is a volatile organic compound than ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

It can be deduced that the degree of adsorption varies depending on the molecular size of the adsorbed gas.

The present invention relates to an adsorption carrier using silica fume and calcium hydroxide, and a method for producing the same, and is an industrially applicable invention in which an adsorption carrier is prepared by chemical reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide to improve strength.

Claims (7)

17 to 21% by weight of clay;
And a non-ferrous material containing 20.77% by weight of Si, 2.3% by weight of Al, 12.61% by weight of Ca, 5.24% by weight of Fe, 1.23% by weight of K, 0.69% by weight of Ti, 2.17% 22% by weight;
A rice husk containing 43.8% by weight of water, 3.7% by weight of crude protein, 30.2% by weight of crude fiber and 12.9% by weight of crude protein,
Rice bran containing 38.1% by weight of moisture, 14.2% by weight of crude protein, 8.4% by weight of crude fiber and 8.3% by weight of crude protein,
Rice straw containing 39.9% by weight of moisture, 2.29% by weight of crude protein, 0.8% by weight of crude fiber and 5.1% by weight of crude protein,
A bean jam containing 29% by weight of moisture, 11.23% by weight of crude protein, 24.02% by weight of crude fiber and 0.74% by weight of crude protein,
SiO ₂ is 34.8 wt%, Al ₂ O ₃ is 18.37% by weight, P ₂ O ₅ is 1.3% by weight, CaO is 4.28 wt%, the 6.71 wt.% Fe ₂ O _3, K ₂ O is 1.65% by weight, TiO ₂ 26 to 30% by weight of organic matter containing at least one of sewage sludge containing 0.7% by weight, 1.3% by weight of MgO and 1.15% by weight of Na ₂ O;
47 wt% of SiO ₂ , 24 wt% of CaO, 15.35 wt% of Al ₂ O ₃ , 0.1 wt% of MnO, 3.15 wt% of MgO, 5.55 wt% of Na ₂ O, 0.4 wt% of Fe ₂ O ₃ , 1.9 wt% of P ₂ O ₅ , 0.01 wt% of PbO, 1.34 wt% of K ₂ O, 0.9 wt% of TiO ₂ , 0.18 wt% of ZrO ₂ and 0.12 wt% of CuO, and 1,350 &Lt; / RTI &gt; to 1450 &lt; 0 &gt;C;
1 to 3% by weight of rare earths containing lanthanum;
11 to 15% by weight of coal tar pitch;
1 to 3% by weight of silica fume;
1 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide;
0.1 to 2% by weight of a phenolic resin and
3 to 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass powder,
A porosity of 80 to 87%, a density of 0.7 to 0.8 g / cm ³ and a strength of 4 to 4.3 N / mm ² ,
0.512 to 0.53 mg / g of ammonia, 1 to 1.23 mg / g of hydrogen sulfide and 61.8 to 62.5 mg / g of toluene are adsorbed. 17 to 21% by weight of clay;
And a non-ferrous material containing 20.77% by weight of Si, 2.3% by weight of Al, 12.61% by weight of Ca, 5.24% by weight of Fe, 1.23% by weight of K, 0.69% by weight of Ti, 2.17% 22% by weight;
A rice husk containing 43.8% by weight of water, 3.7% by weight of crude protein, 30.2% by weight of crude fiber and 12.9% by weight of crude protein,
Rice bran containing 38.1% by weight of moisture, 14.2% by weight of crude protein, 8.4% by weight of crude fiber and 8.3% by weight of crude protein,
Rice straw containing 39.9% by weight of moisture, 2.29% by weight of crude protein, 0.8% by weight of crude fiber and 5.1% by weight of crude protein,
A bean jam containing 29% by weight of moisture, 11.23% by weight of crude protein, 24.02% by weight of crude fiber and 0.74% by weight of crude protein,
SiO ₂ is 34.8%, and SiO ₂ is 34.8 wt%, Al ₂ O ₃ is 18.37 wt%, P ₂ O ₅ of 1.3 wt%, CaO is 4.28% by weight, Fe ₂ O ₃ is 6.71% by weight, K ₂ O 26 to 30% by weight of an organic material including at least one of sewage sludge containing 1.65% by weight of TiO ₂ , 0.7% by weight of TiO ₂ , 1.3% by weight of MgO and 1.15% by weight of Na ₂ O;
47 wt% of SiO ₂ , 24 wt% of CaO, 15.35 wt% of Al ₂ O ₃ , 0.1 wt% of MnO, 3.15 wt% of MgO, 5.55 wt% of Na ₂ O, 0.4 wt% of Fe ₂ O ₃ , 1.9 wt% of P ₂ O ₅ , 0.01 wt% of PbO, 1.34 wt% of K ₂ O, 0.9 wt% of TiO ₂ , 0.18 wt% of ZrO ₂ and 0.12 wt% of CuO, and 1,350 &Lt; / RTI &gt; to 1450 &lt; 0 &gt;C;
1 to 3% by weight of rare earths containing lanthanum;
11 to 15% by weight of coal tar pitch;
1 to 3% by weight of silica fume;
1 to 4% by weight of calcium hydroxide;
0.1 to 2% by weight of a phenolic resin and
(S110) in which 3 to 5% by weight of water glass or waste glass powder is mixed to form a mixture;
A step (S120) in which the mixture is shaped into pellets or spheres to achieve a certain efficiency upon adsorption;
(S130) in which the molded mixture is dried at 150 to 250 DEG C for 2 to 4 hours so that the coal tar pitch is oxidized and stabilized and the mechanical properties are improved;
The structure of the mixture is firmly bonded by molten slag, rare earth, coal tar pitch, silica fume and calcium hydroxide, the organic matter is decomposed to enlarge the pores, the pores are uniformly generated by the vaporization phenomenon of water glass, (S140) in which the dried mixture is pyrolytically calcined at 600 to 1,250 占 폚 for 30 to 70 minutes to have heat resistance by crosslinking of the phenolic resin;
(S150) the cured mixture is cured at room temperature for 7 days,
A porosity of 80 to 87%, a density of 0.7 to 0.8 g / cm ³ and a strength of 4 to 4.3 N / mm ² ,
0.512 to 0.53 mg / g of ammonia, 1 to 1.23 mg / g of hydrogen sulfide and 61.8 to 62.5 mg / g of toluene are adsorbed. delete delete delete delete delete

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