KR101818458B1 - Parallax Barrier Cell and Stereoscopic Display Device Using the Same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a parallax barrier cell capable of two-dimensional and three-dimensional display switching and capable of switching a parallax barrier so as to correspond to any direction, thereby performing three-dimensional display in accordance with a viewing direction of a viewer, and a stereoscopic image display device A parallax barrier cell comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a plurality of first electrodes spaced apart from each other on the first substrate and formed in a first direction, A plurality of second electrodes formed on the second substrate in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a second electrode formed on the second substrate in a second direction crossing the first direction; A second reference electrode formed on the second substrate in correspondence with each other; And a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a parallax barrier cell and a stereoscopic image display device using the parallax barrier cell.

The present invention relates to a display device, and more particularly, to a parallax barrier cell capable of switching between two-dimensional and three-dimensional displays and capable of switching a parallax barrier so as to correspond to any direction, And a stereoscopic image display device using the same.

The services that will be realized for speeding up the information to be constructed based on the high-speed information communication network today are multi-view and listen multi-functions such as the current telephone, centered on digital terminals that process characters, It is expected to evolve into a media-type service, ultimately becoming a real-space, three-dimensional stereoscopic information communication service that transcends time and space, realizes, feels and feels and feels in three dimensions.

In general, stereoscopic images representing three dimensions are made by the principle of stereoscopic vision through two eyes. Since the time difference of the two eyes, that is, the two eyes are separated by about 65 mm, The eyes see slightly different images. Thus, the difference in the image due to the positional difference between the two eyes is referred to as binocular disparity. The three-dimensional stereoscopic display apparatus uses the binocular parallax to allow the left eye to see only the left eye image, and the right eye to see only the right eye image.

In other words, the left and right eyes see different two-dimensional images, and when these two images are transmitted to the brain through the retina, the brain fuses them exactly to reproduce the depth sense and real feeling of the original three-dimensional image. This capability is generally referred to as stereography, and a device using the same as a display device is referred to as a stereoscopic display device.

In addition, several techniques for displaying three-dimensional stereoscopic images on a two-dimensional screen using such a stereo image have been introduced. Among them, in particular, a stereoscopic image for left and right eyes can be separately viewed A parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display device which realizes a three-dimensional image is widely used.

Dimensional stereoscopic image display principle of a general parallax barrier stereoscopic image display device is simply a stereoscopic stereoscopic image display method in which stereoscopic images of viewers are superimposed by vertically arranging slit- It is a way to feel the stereoscopic effect by inducing.

To this end, a separate parallax barrier for forming a slit-shaped opening is required in addition to a main image panel for displaying a flat image.

1 is a schematic view showing a parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display apparatus.

FIG. 1 shows a case where a liquid crystal panel (liquid crystal display panel) 10 is used as a main image panel in a typical parallax barrier stereoscopic image display apparatus.

At this time, the liquid crystal panel 10 is formed with a left-eye pixel L for displaying left-eye image information and a right-eye pixel R for displaying right-eye image information, and a backlight 20 are provided. A parallax barrier 30 is disposed between the liquid crystal panel 10 and the viewer 40 or between the liquid crystal panel 10 and the backlight 20 so as to transmit and block the light.

Here, the slit 32 and the barrier 34, which selectively pass light from the left and right pixels L and R, respectively, exist in a stripe shape in the longitudinal direction with respect to the viewer.

The light L1 that has passed through the left eye pixel L of the liquid crystal panel 10 from the light emitted from the backlight 20 passes through the slit 32 of the parallax barrier 30 to the left side of the viewer 40 And the light R1 having passed through the right eye pixel R of the liquid crystal panel 10 reaches the right eye of the viewer 40 through the slit 32 of the parallax barrier 30. [ There is enough parallax information that the human being can sufficiently perceive the image displayed through the respective left and right pixels L and R so that the viewer 40 recognizes the three-dimensional stereoscopic image do.

On the other hand, as described above, the most basic parallax barrier system uses the parallax barrier 30 in which the slit 32 and the barrier 34 are permanently fixed, so that the utilization range is limited only for 3D.

When the viewer moves, the stereoscopic display can not be normally performed by leaving the fixed parallax barrier 30.

Therefore, there has been a demand for a stereoscopic image display device capable of adjusting the barrier.

In addition, there is a demand for a display device to be displayed in a compact model, in which the viewer changes landscape and portrait of the device and displays it in a landscape-style or portrait-style manner in accordance with the conditions of the image. However, when using the fixed parallax barrier described above, It was impossible to display the stereoscopic image during the conversion.

The conventional parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display device has the following problems.

When the viewer moves away from the position where 3D can be viewed through the parallax barriers, normal stereoscopic display is impossible by leaving the fixed parallax barrier. Therefore, there has been a demand for a stereoscopic image display device capable of adjusting the barrier.

In addition, when a fixed parallax barrier is used, there is a problem that 3D display is possible but conversion to 2D is impossible.

There is a demand for a display device to be displayed in a landscape mode or a portrait mode in accordance with the condition of the image by changing the horizontal and vertical length of the device, , When the above-described fixed parallax barrier is used, it is impossible to display a stereoscopic image other than the original condition at the time of such switching.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a display device capable of switching between two-dimensional and three-dimensional displays and capable of switching a parallax barrier so as to correspond to any direction, A parallax barrier cell, and a stereoscopic image display device using the parallax barrier cell.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a parallax barrier cell comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a plurality of first electrodes spaced apart from each other in a first direction on the first substrate; A plurality of second electrodes formed on the second substrate in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a second electrode formed on the first substrate in correspondence with the first electrodes, A second reference electrode formed on the second substrate in correspondence with the second electrodes; And a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Here, the first voltage source applies a first voltage to the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode. In this case, the first voltage is a common voltage or a ground voltage.

The apparatus further includes a second voltage source for selectively applying the first voltage or a second voltage greater than the first voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode.

A first alignment layer on the first substrate including the first electrode and the first reference electrode and a second alignment layer on the second substrate including the second electrode and the second reference electrode.

The longitudinal direction of the first electrode may be inclined by less than 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pixels of the image panel.

The longitudinal direction of the second electrode is the same as the horizontal direction of the pixels of the image panels.

Meanwhile, a second voltage is applied to the first electrode, and a first voltage is applied to the second electrode, the first reference electrode, and the second reference electrode to form a barrier in the first electrode direction. In this case, the barrier corresponds to three subpixels for the subpixels in the same row of the image panel. In addition, the barrier is shifted by one subpixel in the forward and the next rows with respect to the rows of adjacent subpixels in the image panel.

A second voltage is applied to the second electrode, and a first voltage is applied to the first electrode, the first reference electrode, and the second reference electrode to form a barrier in the second electrode direction.

The barrier overlaps adjacent subpixels of the same color of the image panel.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stereoscopic image display apparatus including a video panel, a first substrate and a second substrate opposed to each other on the video panel, A first reference electrode between the first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes formed by intersecting the first electrodes, and a second reference electrode between the second electrodes, A parallax barrier cell including a liquid crystal layer formed between a first substrate and a second substrate; a first voltage source for applying a first voltage to the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode; And a second voltage source for selectively applying the first voltage or a second voltage greater than the first voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode.

The longitudinal direction of the first electrode may be inclined by less than 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pixels of the image panel.

The longitudinal direction of the second electrode is the same as the horizontal direction of the pixels of the image panels.

In the landscape mode, a second voltage is applied to the first electrode, and a first voltage is applied to the second electrode, the first reference electrode, and the second reference electrode to form a barrier in the first electrode direction.

In the portrait mode, a second voltage is applied to the second electrode, and a first voltage is applied to the first electrode, the first reference electrode, and the second reference electrode to form a barrier in the second electrode direction.

And rotates the image panel 90 degrees from the predetermined position in the portrait mode.

In this case, the image panel is raised in the longitudinal direction of the second electrode.

It is also preferable that the focal distance and viewing distance of the landscape mode be the same as those of the portrait mode.

In this case, the focal distance is the distance between the upper array of the video panel from the bottom of the first electrode of the parallax barrier cell, and the viewing distance is the distance from the parallax barrier cell to the viewer.

In addition, the pitch of the barrier formed in the landscape mode is

(P _B is a barrier pitch, E is a binocular pitch, and P is one pixel pitch of the image panel).

The pitch of the barrier formed in the portrait mode is

(P _B is a barrier pitch, E is a binocular pitch, and P is a subpixel vertical length of the image panel).

Further, in both modes,

)(S는 상기 패럴랙스 배리어 셀의 초점 거리, E는 양안거리, P는 배리어와 대응된 1뷰 피치), n은 상기 제 1 기판의 굴절률, h는 상기 영상 패널의 픽셀의 가로 길이)를 갖는 것이 바람직하다. (D is the viewing distance, D 'is the refractive index-proportional viewing distance

(Where S is the focal distance of the parallax barrier cell, E is the binocular distance, and P is one view pitch corresponding to the barrier), n is the refractive index of the first substrate, and h is the width of the pixel of the image panel .

The parallax barrier cell of the present invention and the stereoscopic image display device using the same have the following effects.

First, the parallax barrier cell of the present invention has electrodes on different substrates on both substrates and on both substrates, as well as 2D or 3D conversion depending on whether a voltage is applied, and pivots the 3D display according to a selective voltage application. Can be implemented. Therefore, according to the switching of the viewer's image panel, it is possible to display both the landscape mode and the portrait mode, which can also be displayed in 3D.

Second, a parallax barrier is formed according to whether a voltage is applied or selectively applied to each substrate, and a 3D display is possible.

Thirdly, in particular, the unidirectional electrodes are inclined at a certain angle of the pixels of the image panel so that the barrier is formed as a slanted type, so that the light separation effect smoothly occurs and the color braking phenomenon can be prevented.

Fourth, by providing a reference electrode in addition to a region serving as a barrier, it is possible to prevent the slit region between the barriers from being viewed.

1 is a schematic view showing a parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display device
2 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention.
Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the structure and voltage application on the first and second substrates of the parallax barrier cell of Figure 2;
4A and 4B are diagrams showing the barrier effect of the parallax barrier cell compared to the image panel of FIG. 2 in the landscape and portrait modes
Figures 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of the parallax barrier cell taken along lines 4A and 4B, respectively,
6 is a schematic view showing the focal distance and viewing distance of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention
7 is a plan view showing a parallax barrier design corresponding to the landscape mode
8 is a plan view showing a parallax barrier design corresponding to the portrait mode
9A and 9B are diagrams showing a design for a landscape mode and a portrait mode of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention

Hereinafter, a parallax barrier cell of the present invention and a stereoscopic image display device using the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

2 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention includes a video panel 100 and a 2D-3D switchable on the video panel 100 according to whether a voltage is applied thereto. And includes a parallax barrier cell 200 capable of switching operation in both a landscape mode and a portrait mode.

Here, a separate light source may be further provided below the image panel 100. [ This is determined depending on whether the image panel 100 is a self light emitting element or a light emitting element. For example, the image panel 100 may be any one of a liquid crystal panel, an organic light emitting display panel, a field emission display panel, a plasma display panel, a quantum dot display panel, and an electrophoretic display panel, It may be applied to the kinds of display panels. When the image panel 100 is used as a liquid crystal panel, a separate light source may be required.

On the other hand, in the image panel 100, R, G, and B subpixels are arranged long in the vertical direction, and images are displayed with R, G, and B subpixels in each row as one pixel. Then, the left eye image and the right eye image corresponding to the subpixels are determined according to the landscape mode and portrait mode of the 3D mode. A region in which the left eye image is scattered is defined as a first view, and a region in which a right eye image is scattered is defined as a second view, each of which corresponds to several or single subpixels. In addition, the portrait mode is rotated by 90 degrees or 270 degrees in contrast to the landscape mode of the right position. In this case, each view shows a state in which each of the R, G, and B subpixels are laid out horizontally The panel 100 is rotated 90 degrees).

Hereinafter, a parallax barrier cell 200 will be described.

Here, the parallax barrier cell 200 is an active device that operates by applying a voltage, and is an active device that varies the arrangement state of the internal liquid crystal layer by voltage application. In this case, the parallax barrier cell 200 functions as a transparent cell for voltage-unaided viewing, and when a voltage is applied, the parallax barrier cell 200 can be switched to a landscape mode or a portrait mode depending on whether a large voltage is applied to electrodes on a substrate in a 3D mode .

Specifically, the parallax barrier cell includes a first substrate 210 and a second substrate 220 facing each other, a plurality of first electrodes 210 formed on the first substrate 210 in a first direction, A plurality of second electrodes 221 and second electrodes 221 formed between the first electrodes 211 and the first electrodes 211 and intersecting the first electrodes 211; A second reference electrode 222, and a liquid crystal layer 250 formed between the first substrate 210 and the second substrate.

On the other hand, a first alignment layer (not shown) is formed on the first substrate 210 including the first electrode 211 and the first reference electrode 212 to set the initial direction of the liquid crystal layer 250 And a second alignment layer (not shown) on the second substrate 220 including the second electrode 221 and the second reference electrode 222.

The first electrode 211 and the first reference electrode 212 and the second electrode 212 and the second reference electrode 222 are all made of transparent electrodes in order to prevent the aperture ratio and the transmittance from deteriorating. And patterning the same layer on the substrate. In some cases, the first reference electrode 212 and the second reference electrode 222 may be patterned in different layers.

The reason why the first reference electrode 212 and the second reference electrode 222 are further provided is that when the second voltage is applied to the electrode of the counter substrate, To function as a tubular electrode. For example, when a second voltage is applied to the first electrode 211 and a first voltage is applied to the second electrode 221 to form a vertical electric field, if the second electrode 221 is empty between the second electrodes 221, The electric field at the vacant portion is unstable and this portion can be visually recognized, so that 3D display according to the stable landscape mode may not be possible. Therefore, the second reference electrode 222 may be formed in the region between the second electrode 221 and the second electrode 220 to function as a common electrode to which the same first voltage is applied on the entire surface of the second substrate 220 It is for this reason.

A method of applying a voltage to the above-described electrodes will be described.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating the structure and voltage application on the first and second substrates of the parallax barrier cell of FIG. 2. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the first electrodes 211 are inclined by an angle of? With respect to the longitudinal direction of the first substrate 210 (the longitudinal direction of the pixels of the image panel). This is to prevent a kind of color break, so that the barrier of the formed barrier can be easily separated. The degree of tilting can be adjusted to the left or right of the first substrate 210 in the longitudinal direction.

3A and 3B, the first reference electrode 212 and the second reference electrode 222 formed on the first and second substrates 210 and 220 are respectively connected to the first voltage source 261 through the first voltage source 261, (V1). In this case, the first voltage may be a ground voltage or a constant voltage, as shown.

The first voltage V1 may be applied to the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 or a second voltage source 262 may be used to selectively apply the second voltage V2, ).

In this case, whether the first voltage V1 or the second voltage V2 is applied to the first and second electrodes 211 and 221 in the second voltage source 262 is determined by the three- And a gyro sensor (not shown) provided in the gyroscope.

For example, the second voltage V2 is applied to the first electrode 211 and the remaining second electrode 221, the first and second reference electrodes 212 and 222, To the first voltage V1.

In this case, the region where the first electrode 211 is formed serves as a kind of barrier, and the remaining region except for the barrier is permeated, thereby allowing light separation, thereby enabling 3D image viewing by separating the left eye / right eye image.

The second voltage V2 is applied to the second electrode 221 in the portrait mode rotated 90 degrees and the first voltage 211 is applied to the first electrode 211 and the first and second reference electrodes 212 and 222 Is applied to the voltage V1. Similarly, in the portrait mode, the region where the second electrode 221 is formed acts as a kind of barrier, and 3D image can be visually recognized through light separation.

Here, the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 are designed to intersect each other. In particular, the first electrode 211 may be formed in the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 in order to prevent a color break phenomenon, 211 are designed to be inclined at an angle of less than 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pixels of the image panel.

The color braking phenomenon will be described. When the first electrode is disposed in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the R, G, and B subpixels of the image panel 100, only the image corresponding to the subpixels of different colors in the right eye and the left eye comes in front. In this case, when a left eye image and a right eye image are synthesized to recognize a 3D image, a phenomenon occurs in which a color brake recognizes only an image of a specific color. In order to prevent this, in the case of the parallax barrier cell of the present invention, by arranging the first electrode by inclining it to a specific angle without disposing the first electrode in alignment with the longitudinal direction of the subpixel, Images corresponding to subpixels of different colors are mixed together so as to prevent color braking phenomenon.

Hereinafter, the barrier effect and the driving state in the landscape mode and the portrait mode will be described with reference to the drawings.

Figs. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the barrier effect of the parallax barrier cell compared to the image panel of Fig. 2 in the landscape mode and in the portrait mode. Figures 5A and 5B are cross-sectional side views of the parallax barrier cells, respectively, taken along lines 4A and 4B.

4A and FIG. 5A, a second voltage V2 is applied to the first electrode 211 in the landscape mode, and the second electrode 221, the first reference electrode 212, When a first voltage is applied to the first electrode 222, a barrier in the direction of the first electrode is formed. A first voltage (a phase voltage or a ground voltage) is applied to the second electrode 221 and the second reference electrode 222 of the same layer on the second substrate 220, It can be considered that the same voltage is applied to the entire surface.

In this case, the first electrode direction is inclined by? With respect to the longitudinal direction of the subpixels of the image panel, and the barrier is shifted relative to adjacent rows of subpixels. The barriers correspond to three subpixels for the subpixels in the same row of the image panel and are shifted by one subpixel in the forward and the next rows for the rows of adjacent subpixels in the image panel . For example, depending on the size of the image panel, the size of each pixel, and the number of views to be used, the degree of correspondence of the barrier to the image panel may vary.

In the illustrated example, first and second views (a parallax image) for a left eye image and a right eye image are used, and thus each view corresponds to three adjacent subpixels. Further, in order to prevent the color break, the subpixels in the adjacent rows are shifted by one subpixel in the next row than in the forward direction.

5A, when a first voltage is applied to the second electrode 221 and the first and second reference electrodes 212 and 222 of which the second voltage is applied to the first electrode 211, And the remaining region functions as a slit through which light is transmitted.

4B and 5B, a second voltage V2 is applied to the second electrode 221 in the portrait mode, and the first electrode 211, the first reference electrode 212, and the second reference electrode 222, a barrier in the direction of the second electrode is formed. A first voltage (a phase voltage or a ground voltage) is applied to the first electrode 211 and the first reference electrode 212 of the same layer on the first substrate 210, It can be considered that the same voltage is applied to the entire surface.

In this case, it can be seen that the second electrode direction follows the horizontal direction of the sub-pixels of the image panel, and a barrier is formed in a direction crossing the order of the R, G, and B sub-pixels.

The barrier in the illustrated portrait mode overlaps adjacent subpixels of the same color of the image panel. In this case, the pixels of the image panel are rotated by 90 degrees, and R, G, and B subpixels are arranged in a row in the drawing. In this case, in the portrait mode, the view defines a first view and a second view on both sides of the barrier. The barrier at this time overlaps each of the adjacent subpixels of the same color so as to halve each.

5B, when a first voltage is applied to the first electrode 211 and the first and second reference electrodes 212 and 222 of the second electrode 221, And the remaining region functions as a slit through which light is transmitted.

Hereinafter, a method for designing a parallax barrier cell of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, for example, a parallax barrier cell corresponding to a 9.7-inch stereoscopic image display device is implemented. The focus is on designing the focal distance and the viewing distance in the landscape mode and the portrait mode to be consistent with each other. In the following design example, two views are applied in each mode.

7 is a plan view showing a parallax barrier design corresponding to the landscape mode, and Fig. 8 is a plan view showing a parallax barrier corresponding to the portrait mode. Fig. Fig.

In FIGS. 6 to 8, D 'represents the viewing distance, S represents the focal length of the parallax barrier cell, and E represents the binocular interval (65 mm).

Here, D 'represents the viewing distance due to the refractive index of the parallax barrier cell, and the actual viewing distance D is the sum of the refractive index n of the substrate of the parallax barrier cell and the horizontal size 2h of the corresponding mode of the apparatus Lt; / RTI >

P denotes the width of one view from which the left eye image or the right eye image appears from the image panel, and PB denotes one pitch of the barrier generated by the parallax barrier cell.

Here, the barrier pitch and the width of the view in the landscape mode and the portrait mode are designed differently from each other, and the values are changed, and the viewing distances and the focal distances of the parallax barrier cells of the respective modes are matched with each other.

This relationship is obtained by Equation (1) for the following focal length, Equation (2) obtained by the relation of proportional triangle in FIG. 6, and Equation (3) obtained by Snell's Law.

7, in the landscape mode, P _B is the pitch of the barrier to be formed, E is the binocular pitch, P is one view pitch (P) corresponding to one parallax image of the image panel, Pixel pitch of the panel. In particular, P is determined by the horizontal width (width) of one pixel of R, G, and B subpixels which are different from each other in a predetermined position of the image panel. In this case, the pitch of the barrier may be determined by the width of the first electrode.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, the barrier in the landscape mode is defined as a value of arctan (1/3) in order to prevent color break, and the barrier is formed by inclining the angle? .

8, in the portrait mode, P _B is the pitch of the barrier to be formed, E is the binocular interval, and P is one view pitch (P) of the image panel. In the rotation of the image panel, (The drawing reference, that is, the state rotated by 90 degrees from the fixed position (landscape mode)) relative to the vertical length of the subpixel.

When applying the above equations to the actual 9.7 inch model, it can be seen that the values are determined according to the conditions of Tables 1 and 2 for the landscape mode and the portrait mode, respectively.

Here, in each mode, the first and second views are applied to the left / right eye, the binocular distance is 65 mm, and the focal distance is the distance between the upper array of the image panel and the lower portion of the first electrode of the parallax barrier cell, And the width of one pixel of R, G, and B subpixels is 192 탆, h is a half value of the horizontal length of the display mode, and n is a refractive index of each substrate.

Although the viewing distance is 33.86cm in the landscape mode and 34.2cm in the portrait mode, the viewing distance is about 0.3cm in actual application, but when the above design conditions are applied to the viewer, the viewer is not the same It is possible to guess that the stereoscopic image can be viewed in any direction by switching the screen of the stereoscopic image display device at the position.

9A and 9B are diagrams showing a design for a landscape mode and a portrait mode of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

Figs. 9A and 9B show an example in which the landscape mode and the portrait pod are implemented under the above-described conditions, respectively.

In the illustrated example, the width and the position of the barrier are determined at a specific pitch and a size condition of the device. When the size of the device or the size and the view of the pixels in the device are changed, the value of the barrier and the viewing distance, They can all be varied.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

100: image panel 200: parallax barrier cell
210: first substrate 211: first electrode
212: first reference electrode 220: second substrate
221: second electrode 222: second reference electrode
250: liquid crystal layer 261: first voltage source
262: a second voltage source

Claims (24)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete Video panel;
A first substrate and a second substrate opposed to each other on the image panel, a plurality of first electrodes formed on the first substrate in a first direction and spaced apart from each other, and a first reference electrode between the first electrodes, A plurality of second electrodes formed on the second substrate so as to intersect with the first electrodes, a second reference electrode between the second electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate A parallax barrier cell;
A first voltage source for applying a first voltage to the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode; And
And a second voltage source for selectively applying the first voltage or a second voltage greater than the first voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode,
Wherein the image panel and the parallax barriers are rotated together so that the vertical and horizontal parallax barrier cells are rotated in a 90 degree or 270 degree rotated state from the landscape mode, Mode,
The distance between the upper array of the image panels from below the first electrode of the parallax barrier cell is defined as the focal distance S of the parallax barrier cell,
The distance between the viewer from the parallax barrier cell is defined as the viewing distance D,
Wherein the focal distance and the viewing distance are respectively the same in the landscape mode and the portrait mode,
The viewing distance

(D is the viewing distance, D 'is the refractive index-proportional viewing distance

(Where S is the focal distance of the parallax barrier cell, E is the binocular distance, and P is one view pitch of the corresponding mode of the image panel), n is the index of refraction of the first substrate, h is the horizontal And a half value of the length of the three-dimensional image. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein a length direction of the first electrode is inclined at an angle of not more than 45 degrees with respect to a longitudinal direction of subpixels of the image panel in the landscape mode. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein a length direction of the second electrode is the same as a horizontal direction of subpixels of the image panels in the landscape mode. 14. The method of claim 13,
In the landscape mode
Wherein a barrier is formed in the direction of the first electrode by applying a second voltage to the first electrode, and applying a first voltage to the second electrode, the first reference electrode, and the second reference electrode, Device. 14. The method of claim 13,
In the portrait mode
And a barrier is formed in the second electrode direction by applying a first voltage to the first electrode, the first reference electrode, and the second reference electrode by applying a second voltage to the second electrode, Device. delete 18. The method of claim 17,
And the image panel is erected in the longitudinal direction of the second electrode. delete delete 14. The method of claim 13,
The pitch of the barrier formed in the landscape mode is

(P _B is a barrier pitch, E is a binocular interval, P is one pixel pitch of the image panel), and one view pitch P of the image panel is a set of different subpixels of the image panel And the width of one pixel of the three-dimensional image. 14. The method of claim 13,
The pitch of the barrier formed in the portrait mode is

(P _B is the pitch of the barrier and E is the binocular pitch)
Wherein one view pitch (P) of the image panel is a horizontal length that is relatively long relative to a vertical length of subpixels in the image panel.
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