KR101813302B1 - 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
음극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101813302B1 KR101813302B1 KR1020130131638A KR20130131638A KR101813302B1 KR 101813302 B1 KR101813302 B1 KR 101813302B1 KR 1020130131638 A KR1020130131638 A KR 1020130131638A KR 20130131638 A KR20130131638 A KR 20130131638A KR 101813302 B1 KR101813302 B1 KR 101813302B1
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- negative electrode
- alloy powder
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- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 충방전시 음극 활물질의 부피 팽창을 최소화할 수 있고, 기계적 물성 강화는 물론, 충방전이 진행되면서 전극이 팽창된 후에도 우수한 전기 전도성을 부여할 수 있어, 리튬 이차전지의 성능을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다.
Description
도 1은 실시예 1 및 비교예 1의 음극 활물질의 표면 SEM 사진을 나타낸 것이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 실시예 1의 음극 활물질의 내부 단면에 대한 주사전자현미경(SEM) 사진을 나타낸 것이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 실시예 1의 음극 활물질에 있어서, Si와 Ti의 분포 정도를 분석한 EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) 사진을 나타낸 것이다.
예 | 용량(mAh) | 수명 (%) | 두께 변화율(%) |
이차전지 (활물질) | |||
실시예 2 (실시예 1) | 805 | 89 | 108 |
비교예 2 (비교예 1 ) | 802 | 82 | 113 |
Claims (32)
- Si 및 MxSiy를 포함하며, 기공을 포함하지 않는 코어부;
상기 코어부 상에 Si 및 다수의 기공을 포함하는 쉘부; 및
상기 쉘부 상에 탄소 코팅층을 포함하고,
상기 MxSiy에서, M은 2A, 3A, 4A족 원소 및 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 1≤x≤4이며, 1≤y≤4인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 코팅층은 쉘부의 기공에 의해 형성되는 쉘부 표면의 요철에 따라 굴곡부를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 코팅층의 두께는 5 nm 내지 500 nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 코팅층 중 탄소의 함량은 음극 활물질 총 중량을 기준으로 2 중량% 내지 70 중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 코어부와 쉘부의 부피비는 1 : 1 내지 20인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 MxSiy 내에 M : Si의 중량비는 1 : 0.5 내지 10인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 M은 Sn, Al, Pb, In, Ni, Co, Ag, Mg, Cu, Ge, Cr, Ti, Mn, V, Mo 및 Fe로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 쉘부의 내부 공극률은 20% 내지 80%인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 쉘부는 MxSiy를 더 포함하며, 상기 M=2A, 3A, 4A족 원소 및 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 1≤x≤4이며, 1≤y≤4인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50)은 0.1 ㎛ 내지 50 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질의 비표면적(BET-SSA)은 2 ㎡/g 내지 80 ㎡/g인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
- 금속(M)과 Si를 사용하여 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 제조하는 단계;
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 에칭 용액과 혼합 및 교반하여 에칭함으로써 MxSiy을 제거하여 다공성 실리콘계 입자를 제조하는 단계; 및
상기 다공성 실리콘계 입자의 표면에 탄소 코팅층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 MxSiy에서, M은 2A, 3A, 4A족 원소 및 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 1≤x≤4이며, 1≤y≤4인 것을 특징으로 하는 청구항 1의 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 코팅층은 다공성 실리콘계 입자를 탄소 전구체와 혼합한 후 열처리하여 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 전구체는 탄소를 포함하는 기체, 비정질 또는 저결정질 탄소인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 코팅층은 비정질 탄소 전구체를 이용하여 탄화시키는 방법 또는 탄소를 포함하는 기체를 이용한 화학증착(CVD) 방법에 의해 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서,
상기 비정질 또는 저결정질 탄소는 글루코스, 프락토스, 갈락토오스, 말토오스, 락토오스, 수크로스, 페놀계 수지, 나프탈렌 수지, 폴리비닐알콜 수지, 우레탄수지, 폴리이미드 수지, 퓨란 수지, 셀룰로오스 수지, 에폭시 수지, 폴리스티렌 수지, 레조시놀계 수지, 플로로글루시놀계 수지, 석탄계 핏치, 석유계 핏치, 타르(tar) 및 저분자량의 중질유로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,
상기 열처리는 160 ℃ 내지 1300 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말은 금속(M)과 Si를 용융한 합금 용탕을 급냉시켜 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말은 금속(M)과 Si를 기계적 밀링하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,
상기 제조된 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 급냉 단계와 에칭 단계 사이에 기계적 밀링하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 Si-MxSiy 합금 분말을 제조한 후 에칭하기 전에 열처리 하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 21 항에 있어서,
상기 열처리는 500 ℃ 내지 800 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,
상기 용융은 상온 내지 1600 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,
상기 급냉은 103 K/sec 내지 109 K/sec의 속도로 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 에칭 시간은 30분 내지 1000분인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 에칭 용액의 농도는 1 M 내지 20 M인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 에칭 용액은 플루오르화수소(HF), 플루오르화규소(H2SiF6), 플루오르화암모늄(NH4F), 염산, 황산, 인산 및 질산으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 용액인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,
상기 MxSiy의 제거는 음극 활물질의 표면에서부터 제거되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항의 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극.
- 제 29 항에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질은 탄소계 물질을 더 혼합하여 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제 30 항에 있어서,
상기 탄소계 물질은 천연 흑연, 인조 흑연, 소프트 카본, 하드 카본, 메조카본 마이크로비즈(MCMB), 탄소섬유 및 카본블랙으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 양극, 음극, 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지에 있어서, 상기 음극이 제 29 항에 따른 음극인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
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KR1020130131638A KR101813302B1 (ko) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP2015545402A JP6138960B2 (ja) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 負極活物質及びこの製造方法 |
TW103137540A TWI565127B (zh) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 陽極活性材料及製備彼之方法 |
PCT/KR2014/010263 WO2015065047A1 (ko) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 |
US14/417,292 US10153484B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | Anode active material and method of preparing the same |
CN201480002569.XA CN104756290B (zh) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | 负极活性物质及其制备方法 |
EP14833330.5A EP3065206A4 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | Active material for negative electrode and method for producing same |
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DE102016202458A1 (de) | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Si/C-Kompositpartikeln |
US12196651B2 (en) | 2017-05-29 | 2025-01-14 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Method for measuring distribution of pores in electrode for secondary battery |
KR102025150B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-09-25 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 그 제조방법 |
KR102590190B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-10-19 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소계 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
US20240063371A1 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2024-02-22 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Negative electrode active material, negative electrode comprising negative electrode active material, secondary battery comprising negative electrode, and method for preparing negative electrode active material |
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JP2013069674A (ja) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-04-18 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | リチウム2次電池用負極活物質、その製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム2次電池 |
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