KR101787230B1 - 금속의 회수 방법 - Google Patents
금속의 회수 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101787230B1 KR101787230B1 KR1020157034910A KR20157034910A KR101787230B1 KR 101787230 B1 KR101787230 B1 KR 101787230B1 KR 1020157034910 A KR1020157034910 A KR 1020157034910A KR 20157034910 A KR20157034910 A KR 20157034910A KR 101787230 B1 KR101787230 B1 KR 101787230B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- nickel
- extraction
- copper
- chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 253
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 98
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 92
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007131 hydrochloric acid regeneration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHSURKDCQCGNGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylethyl)nonan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CCC(C)O)CC(=NO)C1=CC=CC=C1 UHSURKDCQCGNGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical group [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003202 NH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical group [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052954 pentlandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
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Abstract
Description
도 2 는 구리가 석출에 의해 회수되는 본 발명의 방법의 예시적인 실시형태이다.
도 3 은 구리가 추출에 의해 회수되는 본 발명의 방법의 예시적인 실시형태이다.
도 4 는 추출 (%) 과 평형 (pH) 사이의 관계를 보여주는 도면이다.
2 침출 단계
3 석출 단계
4 금속 회수 단계
5 구리 석출 단계
6 구리 추출 단계
7 코발트 추출 단계
8 니켈 추출 단계
9 NH3 재생 단계
10 산 재생 단계
11 황화구리
12 구리 전해채취
13 코발트 석출 단계
14 니켈 전해채취
15 암모니아 응축
16 불순물의 잔류물
17 회수될 금속(들)
20 염화물-기반 침출 용액
21 산소-함유 가스
22 침출 잔류물
23 제 1 용액
31 중화성 (neutralizing) 칼슘-함유 화학물질
33 제 2 용액
50 황화수소
53 제 4 용액
61 암모니아수
71 암모니아수
73 제 5 용액
81 암모니아수
83 금속 회수로부터의 (제 6) 용액
90 산화칼슘
91 수산화칼슘
92 스팀
93 염화칼슘을 함유하는 (제 7) 용액
101 황산
102 염산
103 재순환된 염산
104 석고
151 오프가스
Claims (35)
- 함금속 (metalliferous) 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법으로서,
i) 염화물-기반 침출 액에 상기 함금속 시작 재료를 침출시키는 단계,
ii) 침출 단계 i) 로부터, 용해된 금속을 갖는 염화물 수용액을 인출하는 단계,
iii) 금속 회수 공정 단계에서 상기 염화물 수용액으로부터 금속 유가물 (metal value) 을 회수하는 단계,
iv) 가수분해된 암모니아를 단계 ii) 에서 인출된 상기 염화물 수용액에 첨가함으로써 상기 금속 회수 공정 단계에서의 상기 염화물 수용액의 염화수소 양을 중화하여, 염화 암모늄을 형성하는 단계,
v) 염화 암모늄 함유 공정 용액을, 칼슘-함유 시약을 첨가하여 염화칼슘 및 암모니아 가스를 발생시키는 암모늄 재생 단계에 인출하고, 암모니아를 상기 금속 회수 공정 단계 iii) 으로 다시 재순환시키는 단계,
vi) H2SO4 에 의해 CaCl2-용액을 재생하여, 침출 단계 i) 로의 재순환을 위한 HCl 수용액을 제공하는 단계
를 포함하는, 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 시작 재료는 이하의 베이스 금속들로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법:
- 니켈- 및 코발트-함유 라테라이트 광석,
- 구리, 코발트, 니켈 금속-구비 원료,
- 니켈, 코발트 및 구리를 함유하는 산화된 함금속 재료,
- 코발트, 구리 및 철로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나의 다른 금속을 함유하는 함니켈 (nickelferous) 황화물 재료,
- NiS 석출물,
- 니켈 매트 (matte),
- 코발트, 구리, 니켈 및 철, 황화니켈 정광 및 그 혼합물로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 금속 황산염-함유 수용액. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 침출 단계에서의 온도는 80℃ ~ 용액의 비등점인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 침출 단계에서의 온도는 80℃ ~ 104℃ 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 침출 단계에서의 온도는 80℃ ~ 99℃ 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
회수될 상기 금속 유가물은 구리, 코발트 및 니켈로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 염화물-기반 침출 액에 분쇄된 니켈 매트와 같은 환원제가 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 7 항에 있어서,
침출 잔류물 (leach residue) 로의 석출 및 상기 침출 잔류물로부터의 회수에 의해, 금 및 백금족 금속들이 회수되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 침출 단계에서의 염화물 농도는 100 g/ℓ ~ 350 g/ℓ 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 침출 단계에서의 pH 가 -0.5 ~ 1.5 이어서 철이 침출되고, 칼슘 함유 중화제에 의해 철이 pH 1.5 ~ 2.6 에서 석출된 후에 침출 잔류물이 분리되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 침출 단계에서의 pH 가 1.5 ~ 2.6 이어서 철이 침출중에 석출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
철 석출후의 황산염으로서 총 황 농도는 0.1 g/ℓ ~ 1 g/ℓ 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
구리의 회수는 구리 함유 용액을 탄화수소 솔벤트에서 희석된 히드록실록심(hydroxyloxime)-기반 시약과 접촉시킴으로써 추출에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 방법은 하나 이상의 구리 솔벤트 추출들을 포함하고, 추출들의 각각은 1-3 추출 스테이지들, 1-3 세척 스테이지들 및 1-3 스트리핑 스테이지들을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
구리 추출 라피네이트에서의 구리는 pH 2.5 ~ 5 에서 아타카마이트 (atacamite) 로서 석출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
구리는 코발트 함유 용액을 탄화수소 솔벤트에서 희석된 하나 이상의 추출 시약들에 접촉시킴으로써 솔벤트 추출에 의해 회수되고, 추출 메커니즘은 양이온 교환에 기반하는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 방법은 하나 이상의 코발트 솔벤트 추출들을 포함하고, 추출들의 각각은 2-6 추출 스테이지들, 1-3 세척 스테이지들 및 1-4 스트리핑 스테이지들을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
코발트의 회수는 이온 교환 수지에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
니켈은 니켈 함유 용액을 탄화수소 솔벤트에서 희석된 하나 이상의 추출 시약들에 접촉시킴으로써 솔벤트 추출에 의해 회수되고, 추출 메커니즘은 양이온 교환에 기반하는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 방법은 하나 이상의 니켈 솔벤트 추출들을 포함하고, 추출들의 각각은 2-6 추출 스테이지들, 1-3 세척 스테이지들 및 1-4 스트리핑 스테이지들을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
암모니아는 금속 추출제 (extractant) 분자를 미리 중화하기 위해 솔벤트 추출들 중 어느 하나에 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
암모니아는 추출 반응들에서 형성되는 염산을 중화시키기 위해 솔벤트 추출들에 직접 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
단계 v) 에서의 칼슘 함유 시약은 산화칼슘 및/또는 수산화칼슘인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
암모니아 재생 단계에서 온도는 25-100℃ 이고 압력은 7-200 kPa 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
암모니아 재생 단계에서 스팀을 이용함으로써 암모니아는 기체 상으로 용액으로부터 스트리핑되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
암모니아 재생으로부터의 염화칼슘 용액이 황산 용액과 혼합되어서 석고 및 염산 용액이 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
염산 재생의 온도는 25 ~ 80℃ 이고, 황산 용액중의 황산의 농도는 25 ~ 99% 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
염산 재생 후의 용액중의 칼슘 농도는 10 ~ 40 g/ℓ 인 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
구리의 회수는 구리 함유 용액을 등유와 같은 희석제로 희석된 히드록시옥심(hydroxyoxime)-기반 시약과 접촉시킴으로써 액체-액체 추출에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
구리의 회수는 황화수소에 의한 황화구리의 석출 및/또는 이온 교환에 의한 구리의 회수에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
코발트의 회수는 코발트 함유 용액을 등유와 같은 희석제로 희석된 추출 시약과 접촉시킴으로써 추출에 의해 그리고/또는 이온 교환에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서,
니켈의 회수는 니켈 함유 용액을 추출 시약과 접촉시킴으로써 추출에 의해 그리고/또는 이온 교환에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 함금속 시작 재료로부터의 금속의 회수 방법. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
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