KR101693296B1 - 양극 활물질 및 그 제조 방법과 상기 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질 및 그 제조 방법과 상기 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101693296B1 KR101693296B1 KR1020110141311A KR20110141311A KR101693296B1 KR 101693296 B1 KR101693296 B1 KR 101693296B1 KR 1020110141311 A KR1020110141311 A KR 1020110141311A KR 20110141311 A KR20110141311 A KR 20110141311A KR 101693296 B1 KR101693296 B1 KR 101693296B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- fluorine
- lithium
- active material
- bonded
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 37
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010003723 Single-Domain Antibodies Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002074 nanoribbon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWLKCPXYBLCEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl GWLKCPXYBLCEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYUIWKFIFOJVKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 WYUIWKFIFOJVKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 제조예 3 내지 5에 따른 불소 처리된 탄소 피막으로 코팅된 LiFePO4와 비교제조예 2에 따른 LiFePO4의 X선 회절(XRD) 그래프이고,
도 3은 제조예 3 내지 5에 따른 불소 처리된 탄소 피막으로 코팅된 LiFePO4와 비교제조예 2에 따른 LiFePO4의 적외선 분광(FT-IR) 그래프이다.
초기비용량 (0.2C, mAh/g) |
용량 (5C/1C, %) |
100cycle후 용량유지율 (5C/1C, %) |
|
실시예 1 | 154 | 85 | 74 |
실시예 2 | 152 | 86 | 76 |
실시예 3 | 149 | 91 | 75 |
실시예 4 | 151 | 89 | 76 |
실시예 5 | 150 | 91 | 77 |
비교예 1 | 155 | 83 | 47 |
비교예 2 | 148 | 90 | 53 |
비교예 3 | 149 | 82 | 64 |
112: 음극
113: 세퍼레이터
114: 양극
120: 전지 용기
140: 봉입 부재
Claims (19)
- 리튬을 가역적으로 인터칼레이션 및 디인터칼레이션할 수 있는 리튬 함유 화합물을 포함하는 코어 입자, 그리고
상기 코어 입자의 표면에 위치하며 탄소-불소 결합(C-F)을 가지는 코팅층
을 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에서,
상기 코팅층은 불소 결합 탄소 나노체, 불소 결합 그래핀, 불소 결합 카본 블랙, 불소 결합 흑연, 불소 결합 아세틸렌 블랙, 불소 결합 탄소 미분, 불소화 유기물 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제2항에서,
상기 불소 결합 탄소 나노체는 불소 결합 탄소 나노 튜브, 불소 결합 탄소 나노 섬유, 불소 결합 탄소 나노 리본, 불소 결합 탄소 나노 비드 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제2항에서,
상기 코팅층은 불소 결합 탄소 나노체를 포함하고,
상기 불소 결합 탄소 나노체의 탄소와 불소의 결합(C-F)은 FT-IR 측정시 950 내지 1350cm-1 사이에서 피크가 관찰되는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에서,
상기 코어 입자는 탄소를 포함하고,
상기 탄소-불소 결합(C-F)은 FT-IR 측정시 1150 내지 1160cm-1 사이에서 피크가 관찰되는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에서,
상기 코어 입자는 탄소를 포함하고,상기 코팅층은 LiF를 더 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제6항에서,
상기 LiF는 X선 회절(XRD) 분석시 2θ 39°에서의 (111)피크, 2θ 45°에서의 (200) 피크 및 2θ 63°에서의 (220) 피크가 관찰되는 양극 활물질.
- 리튬을 가역적으로 인터칼레이션 및 디인터칼레이션할 수 있는 리튬 함유 화합물을 준비하는 단계, 그리고
상기 리튬 함유 화합물의 표면에 탄소-불소 결합(C-F)을 가지는 코팅층을 형성하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에서,
상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계는
탄소 입자 표면에 불소 처리하는 단계, 그리고
상기 리튬 함유 화합물의 표면에 상기 불소 처리된 탄소 입자를 코팅하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제9항에서,
상기 탄소 입자는 탄소 나노체, 그래핀, 카본 블랙, 흑연, 아세틸렌 블랙, 탄소 미분, 유기물 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제9항에서,
상기 탄소 입자 표면에 불소 처리하는 단계는
25 내지 500℃에서 상기 탄소 입자에 불소 함유 기체와 비활성 기체를 5:95 내지 95:5 (v/v)의 비율로 공급하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에서,
상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계는
상기 리튬 함유 화합물에 탄소 피막을 형성하는 단계, 그리고
상기 탄소 피막을 불소화 처리하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제12항에서,
상기 리튬 함유 화합물에 탄소 피막을 형성하는 단계는
상기 리튬 함유 화합물과 탄소 전구체의 혼합물을 준비하는 단계, 그리고
상기 혼합물을 열처리하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제13항에서,
상기 탄소 전구체는 상기 혼합물의 총 함량에 대하여 0.1 내지 30중량%로 포함되어 있는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제12항에서,
상기 탄소 피막을 불소화 처리하는 단계는
25 내지 500℃에서 상기 탄소 피막에 불소 함유 기체와 비활성 기체를 5:95 내지 95:5 (v/v)의 비율로 공급하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제8항에서,
상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계는 상기 리튬 함유 화합물의 표면에 직접 불소화 처리하는 단계를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극,
음극, 그리고
전해질
을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제17항에서,
상기 양극 표면에 형성되어 있는 LiF 막을 더 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 삭제
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