KR101541576B1 - 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 - Google Patents
플라스마를 압축하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101541576B1 KR101541576B1 KR1020117020670A KR20117020670A KR101541576B1 KR 101541576 B1 KR101541576 B1 KR 101541576B1 KR 1020117020670 A KR1020117020670 A KR 1020117020670A KR 20117020670 A KR20117020670 A KR 20117020670A KR 101541576 B1 KR101541576 B1 KR 101541576B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
- G21B1/057—Tokamaks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
- G21B3/008—Fusion by pressure waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
- H05H1/16—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied electric and magnetic fields
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
- H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
도 1b는 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템에서 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 시스템의 또 다른 일실시예의 단면도를 개략적으로 도시한다. 이 실시예에서, 상기 깔때기 시스템은 액체 금속 깔때기와, 실질적으로 상기 펀넬의 중심 축을 따라 배치된 축방향 액체 금속 가이드를 포함한다. 이 실시예에서, 플라스마 가속기는 가속기의 전파 채널 내에 협착부를 포함하는 플라스마 제한장치를 포함한다.
도 1c는 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템에서 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 시스템의 도 다른 실시예를 나타내는 개략적 단면도이다. 이 실시예에서, 플라스마 가속기는 하나 이상의 자기 코일을 포함하는 플라스마 제한장치를 포함한다.
도 1d는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 시스템의 일실시예를 비스듬하게 도시한 투시도이다. 도 1c에 도시된 실시예는 도 1b에 도시된 실시예와 전체적으로 유사하다.
도 2는 다양한 플라스마 밀도에 대한 로슨 조건을 얻기 위한, 플라스마의 에너지에 대한 일례적인 계산과, 다양한 플라스마 밀도에서의 플라스마의 자기 압력의 일례적인 계산을 나타내는 그래프이다. 이들 일례적인 계산은 봄 확산과 이하에서 설명되는 그 밖의 다른 특정 가정을 기초로 한다. 1 표준대기압(atm)은 약 105Pa이다.
도 3은 차츰 가늘어지는 액체 금속 깔때기 내 토로이드형 플라스마의 일례를 도시하는 단면도이다.
도 4는 플라스마 압축 시스템의 일례적인 실시예에서 발생할 수 있는 다양한 전력 손실을 고려하여, 다양한 플라스마 밀도에 대한 로슨 조건을 얻기 위한 플라스마 에너지의 예시적 계산을 도시하는 그래프이다.
Claims (52)
- 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치에 있어서, 상기 장치는
플라스마의 컴팩트한 토로이드를 발생시키도록 구성된 플라스마 건(plasma gun)과,
제 1 단부, 제 2 단부, 및 상기 제 1 단부와 제 2 단부 사이의 길이방향 축을 갖는 플라스마 가속기 - 상기 플라스마 가속기는 상기 제 1 단부에서 컴팩트한 토로이드를 수용하고, 상기 컴팩트한 토로이드를 길이방향 축을 따라 제 2 단부 쪽으로 가속시키도록 구성됨 - ,
상기 플라스마 가속기의 길이방향 축을 따라 정렬되는 원통형의 통로를 갖는 액체 깔때기 및 액체 가이드(liquid guide)를 상기 액체 깔때기의 원통형 통로 내부로 상기 통로의 길이방향 축을 따라 주입하도록 구성된 액체 가이드 주입 시스템을 포함하는 액체 깔때기 시스템(liquid funnel system) - 상기 액체 가이드는 상기 통로의 상단부에서부터 상기 통로의 하단부까지 상기 통로의 길이방향 축을 따라 뻗어 있고, 상기 액체 가이드는 상기 액체 깔때기의 내부 표면으로부터 이격되어, 상기 액체 깔때기의 내부 표면과 상기 액체 가이드의 외부 표면에 의해 환형 공간이 생성되며, 상기 통로는 자신의 상단부에서의 제 1 내부 직경과 자신의 하단부에서의 제 2 내부 직경을 가지며, 상기 제 2 내부 직경은 상기 제 1 내부 직경보다 작고, 상기 액체 깔때기 시스템은 플라스마 가속기의 제 2 단부로부터 컴팩트한 토로이드를 수용하여, 상기 컴팩트한 토로이드가 상기 통로의 상단부로부터 상기 통로의 하단부를 향해 상기 환형 공간을 따라 이동함에 따라, 상기 컴팩트한 토로이드를 압축하도록 구성됨 -
을 포함하며, 컴팩트한 토로이드의 상단부 아래에 있을 때의 압력이 컴팩트한 토로이드의 상단부 위에 있을 때의 압력보다 높도록 상기 액체 깔때기 시스템은 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 장치는
커패시터 뱅크
를 더 포함하며, 상기 커패시터 뱅크는 전기 에너지를 플라스마 건으로, 또는 디스크형 송전 라인으로 제공하며, 상기 디스크형 송전 라인은 상기 커패시터 뱅크를 플라스마 건으로 전기적으로 연결하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 플라스마 가속기는 플라스마 가속기의 제 1 단부 근방에 위치하는 플라스마 제한장치를 포함하며, 상기 플라스마 제한장치는, 상기 플라스마 가속기의 자기장 세기가 임계값을 초과할 때까지, 플라스마 전파 채널 내에서, 상기 제한장치의 위치 위에서부터 상기 제한장치의 위치 아래로의 컴팩트한 토로이드의 이동을 막도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 플라스마 제한장치는, 플라스마 전파 채널 내에 위치하는 협착부(constriction), 또는 플라스마 가속기의 제 1 단부 근방에 배치되는 하나 이상의 자기 코일을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 장치는
커패시터 뱅크
를 더 포함하며, 상기 커패시터 뱅크는, 전기 에너지를 플라스마 가속기에게, 또는 포화 인덕터(saturable inductor)에게 제공하며, 상기 포화 인덕터는 커패시터 뱅크로부터 플라스마 가속기로의 전기 에너지의 제공을 딜레이시키도록 구성되며, 상기 포화 인덕터는 커패시터 뱅크로부터의 전기 에너지를 플라스마 가속기로 전달하도록 구성된 디스크형 송전 라인에 배치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 장치는, 플라스마 가속기의 제 2 단부에서의 컴팩트한 토로이드의 압력이 플라스마 가속기의 제 2 단부에서의 플라스마 가속기의 재료 강도(material strength)보다 낮거나, 컴팩트한 토로이드의 액체 깔때기 내에 있을 때의 압력은 플라스마 가속기의 재료 강도보다 높은 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 액체 깔때기는 액체 금속을 포함하고, 액체 깔때기는, 액체 깔때기 시스템의 액체 깔때기를 형성하기 위해 액체 금속을 공급하도록 구성된 펌프 시스템(pump system)을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 액체 가이드는 전기 전도성이며 상기 액체 깔때기 내 중앙 전극으로서 기능하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 액체 가이드 주입 시스템은 컴팩트한 토로이드가 액체 깔때기의 상단부에 도달하기 전에 상기 액체 가이드를 상기 액체 깔때기 시스템으로 주입하도록 구성되며,
상기 액체 가이드 주입 시스템은 액체 가이드를, 적어도 부분적으로 중력의 영향으로 흐르는 액체 물질로서 액체 깔때기 시스템으로 제공하도록 구성되며, 상기 액체 가이드는, 컴팩트한 토로이드가 깔때기의 상단부 아래에 있을 때 액체 깔때기와 전기적으로 접촉하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 장치는
액체 깔때기 시스템으로부터의 액체 물질의 일부분을, 액체 가이드용 액체 물질을 저장하도록 구성된 저장소(reservoir)로 재순환시키도록 구성된 재순환 시스템(recirculation system)
을 더 포함하며, 상기 재순환 시스템은,
액체 깔때기 시스템으로의 플라스마의 연속되는 주입들 간에 액체 물질의 일부분들을 재순환시키도록 구성된 간헐성 펌프(intermittent pump)와,
액체 깔때기 시스템과 저장소 사이에 유체 연결(fluid communication)된 리턴 파이프(return pipe)
를 포함하며, 상기 리턴 파이프는 플라스마 가속기에 대해 전기적으로 절연되도록 구성된 전기 절연 섹션을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 장치. - 플라스마를 압축하도록 구성된 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템(liquid metal funnel system)에 있어서, 상기 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템은,
원통형의 통로를 갖는 액체 금속 깔때기(liquid metal funnel) - 상기 액체 금속 깔때기는, 통로의 제 1 단부에서 제 1 내부 직경과, 통로의 제 2 단부에서 제 2 내부 직경을 갖고, 상기 제 2 내부 직경은 상기 제 1 내부 직경보다 작으며, 액체 금속 깔때기는 통로의 제 1 단부가 통로의 제 2 단부보다 높게 위치하도록 구성됨 - , 및
상기 액체 금속 깔때기의 원통형 통로의 길이방향 축을 따라 액체 금속 가이드(liquid metal guide)를 주입하도록 구성된 액체 가이드 주입 시스템 - 상기 액체 가이드는 상기 통로의 제 1 단부에서 상기 통로의 제 2 단부 까지 통로의 길이방향 축을 따라 뻗어 있고, 상기 액체 금속 가이드는 상기 액체 금속 깔때기의 내부 표면으로부터 이격되어, 상기 액체 금속 깔때기의 내부 표면과 상기 액체 가이드의 외부 표면에 의해 환형 공간이 생성됨 -
을 포함하며,
상기 액체 금속 깔때기는, 플라스마 주입기로부터의 플라스마를 수용하며, 상기 플라스마가 제 1 단부로부터 제 2 단부까지로 통로를 따라 이동함에 따라, 플라스마를 압축하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템. - 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템은
액체 금속이, 적어도 부분적으로 중력의 영향 하에 제 1 단부에서 제 2 단부로 흐르도록, 상기 액체 금속을 순환시키도록 구성된 액체 금속 순환 시스템
을 더 포함하고, 상기 액체 금속 순환 시스템은 봉입 시스템(confinement system)과 펌프 시스템(pump system)을 포함하며, 상기 액체 금속 깔때기가 상기 봉입 시스템 내에 배치되고, 상기 펌프 시스템은 상기 봉입 시스템의 하단부로부터 상기 봉입 시스템의 상단부로 액체 금속을 펌핑하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템. - 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템은 액체 금속 깔때기의 내부 표면과 액체 가이드의 외부 표면 사이에 플라스마를 수용하도록 구성되고, 상기 액체 금속 가이드는 상기 액체 금속 깔때기에 대해 전기적으로 절연되도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액체 금속 깔때기 시스템.
- 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은
토로이드형 플라스마(toroidal plasma)를 발생시키는 단계와,
길이 방향을 따라 상기 토로이드형 플라스마를 가속시키는 단계와,
상기 가속된 토로이드형 플라스마를 액체 깔때기 내 통로 내로 도입시키는 단계 - 상기 통로는 통로의 제 1 단부에서 제 1 크기와 통로의 제 2 단부에서 제 2 크기를 가지며, 상기 제 1 크기는 제 2 크기보다 작음 - ,
상기 토로이드형 플라스마가 통로의 제 1 단부에서 통로의 제 2 단부 쪽으로 이동함에 따라, 상기 토로이드형 플라스마를 압축하는 단계
를 포함하며,
상기 토로이드형 플라스마를 압축하는 단계는 상기 통로의 내부 표면과 상기 통로의 길이방향 축을 따라 액체 깔때기 내로 도입되는 액체 가이드의 외부 표면 사이에서 플라스마를 압축하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 방법. - 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 방법은
액체 깔때기를 형성하기 위해 액체를 재순환시키는 단계
를 더 포함하며, 상기 액체 깔때기는 액체 금속을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 방법. - 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 방법은
컴팩트한 토로이드가 통로의 제 1 단부와 제 2 단부 사이에 있을 때 액체 가이드를 액체 깔때기에 대해 전기적으로 절연시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 방법. - 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 방법은
토로이드형 플라스마를 가속시키기 위한 전기 에너지를 제공하도록 커패시터 뱅크를 방전시키는 단계
를 더 포함하며, 상기 커패시터 뱅크를 방전시키는 단계는 포화 인덕터를 이용하여 커패시터 뱅크의 방전을 딜레이시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 플라스마를 압축하기 위한 방법.
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