KR101437625B1 - 액화 천연 가스의 제조 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
액화 천연 가스의 제조 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101437625B1 KR101437625B1 KR1020107002935A KR20107002935A KR101437625B1 KR 101437625 B1 KR101437625 B1 KR 101437625B1 KR 1020107002935 A KR1020107002935 A KR 1020107002935A KR 20107002935 A KR20107002935 A KR 20107002935A KR 101437625 B1 KR101437625 B1 KR 101437625B1
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명의 한 가지 실시 상태에 따른, 예컨대 천연 가스 또는 CSG 등의 유체 재료를 액화시키기 위한 방법의 도식적인 흐름도이다.
도 2는 단일 혼합 냉매 및 유체 재료에 대한 복합 냉각 및 가열 곡선이다.
Claims (37)
- 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법에 있어서,
a) 탄화수소 공급 기체로부터 샤워종 (sour species) 및 물을 제거하기 위하
여 탄화수소 공급 기체를 예비 처리하는 단계와,
b) 혼합 냉매 장치로부터의 혼합 냉매와 보조 냉동 장치로부터의 보조 냉매
를 냉동 영역을 통하여 순환시킴으로써 냉동이 일어나는 냉동 영역을 제공하
는 단계와,
c) 상기 보조 냉동 장치가 적어도 부분적으로는 상기 혼합 냉매에 의하여 발
생되는 폐열에 의하여 구동되는 방식으로 상기 혼합 냉매 장치와 상기 보조
냉동 장치를 연결하는 단계와,
d) 냉동 영역을 통하여 예비 처리 공급 기체를 통과시켜 상기 예비 처리 공
급 기체를 냉각시키고, 상기 냉각된 예비 처리 공급 기체를 팽창시켜 액화
탄화수소를 생성하는 단계
를 포함하되, 혼합 냉매를 냉동 영역을 통하여 순환시키는 단계는,
i). 압축기에서 상기 혼합 냉매를 압축시키는 단계와,
ii). 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 상기 냉동 영역을 통하여 연장 배치된 제1 열교환 경로를 통하여 통과시켜서, 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 냉각 및 팽창시켜
혼합 냉매 쿨런트 (coolant)를 생성하도록 하는 단계와,
iii). 혼합 냉매 쿨런트를 상기 냉동 영역을 통하여 연장 배치된 제2 열교환 경로를 통하여 통과시킴으로써 혼합 냉매를 생성하는 단계와,
iv). 상기 혼합 냉매를 상기 압축기에 재순환시키는 단계
를 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 냉동 영역을 통하여 예비 처리 공급 기체를 통과시키는 단계는 상기 냉동 영역 내의 제3 열교환 경로를 통하여 예비 처리 공급 기체를 통과시키는 것을 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 냉동 영역을 통하여 보조 냉매를 순환시키는 단계는 냉동 영역의 일부를 통하여 연장 배치된 제4 열교환 경로를 통하여 상기 보조 냉매를 통과시키는 것을 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 제2 및 제4 열교환 경로는 제1 및 제3 열교환 경로에 대하여 역류 열교환 방향으로 배치되어 있는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 폐열은 압축시키는 단계에서 생성되는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 방법은 상기 압축기에 직접 연결된 가스 터빈의 주입구 공기를 상기 보조 냉매로 냉각시키는 것을 더 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 주입구 공기를 5℃ 내지 10℃의 범위의 온도로 냉각시키는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 냉매를 압축시키는 단계는 그의 압력을 30 내지 50 bar로 증가시키는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 방법은 압축된 혼합 냉매를 상기 제1 열교환 경로에 통과시키기 전에 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 냉각시키는 것을 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 50℃ 미만의 온도로 냉각시키는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 10℃로 냉각시키는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 냉각시키는 단계는 상기 압축기로부터의 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 열교환기에 통과시키는 것을 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 열교환기는 공냉기(空冷器) 또는 수냉기(水冷器)인 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 냉각시키는 단계는 압축기로부터의 압축된 혼합 냉매를 열교환기에 통과시키고, 열교환기에서 냉각시킨 압축된 혼합 냉매를 칠러 (chiller)에 더 통과시키는 것을 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 칠러는 적어도 부분적으로는 폐열에 의하여 구동되는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서, 상기 폐열은 압축시키는 단계에서 생성되는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 혼합 냉매 쿨런트의 온도는 예비 처리 공급 기체가 응축하는 온도 또는 그 미만인 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 냉매 쿨런트의 온도는 -150℃ 미만인 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 냉매는 질소 및 탄소 원자 수가 1 내지 5인 탄화수소로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 화합물을 함유하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 냉매는 질소, 메탄, 에탄 또는 에틸렌, 이소부탄 내지 n-부탄 중 어느 하나 또는 두 가지 모두를 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 냉매의 조성은 몰 분율 범위로 나타낼 때, 질소: 5 내지 15, 메탄: 25 내지 35, C2: 33 내지 42, C3: 0 내지 10, C4: 0 내지 20, C5: 0 내지 20인 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소 기체는 천연 가스 또는 석탄층 메탄인 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소 기체는 메탄의 액화 온도 또는 그 미만에서 상기 냉동 영역으로부터 회수되는 것인 탄화수소 기체의 액화 방법.
- 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치에 있어서,
a) 혼합 냉매와,
b) 상기 혼합 냉매를 압축하기 위한 압축기와,
c) 예비 처리 공급 기체를 냉각시켜 탄화수소 액체를 생성하기 위한 냉동 열
교환기로서, 상기 냉동 열교환기는 냉동 영역을 통하여 연장 배치된 제1, 제
2 및 제3 열교환 경로와 (여기서 제1 열교환 경로는 상기 압축기와 유체 연
통되어 있음), 냉동 영역의 일부를 통하여 연장 배치된 제4 열교환 경로를
구비하며 여기서 제2 및 제4 열교환 경로는 제1 및 제3 열교환 경로에 대하
여 역류 열교환 방향으로 배치되어 있는 것인 냉동 열교환기와,
제1 열교환 경로로부터의 배출구 및 제2 열교환 경로에 이르는 주입구와 유
체 연통되어 있는 팽창기와,
d) 상기 제2 열교환 경로로부터의 배출구 및 상기 압축기에 이르는 주입구와
유체 연통되어 있는 혼합 냉매 재순환 배관과,
e) 보조 냉매가 제4 열교환 경로와 유체 연통되어 있는 보조 냉동 장치
와,
f) 제3 열교환 경로의 주입구와 유체 연통되어 있는 예비 처리 공급 기체 공
급원과,
g) 상기 제3 열교환 경로의 배출구와 유체 연통되어 있는 액화 탄화수소 배
관
을 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치. - 제24항에 있어서, 상기 압축기는 가스 터빈에 의하여 구동되는 1단 압축기인 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제25항에 있어서, 상기 압축기는 1단 원심형인 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제25항에 있어서, 상기 압축기는 중간 냉각기 및 단간 (interstage) 세정기를 구비한 각 가스 터빈에 의하여 구동되는 2단 압축기인 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제25항에 있어서, 상기 가스 터빈은 배치상 증기 발생기와 연결되며, 이에 의하여 사용시 상기 가스 터빈으로부터의 폐열이 상기 증기 발생기에서의 증기의 생성을 용이하게 하는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제28항에 있어서, 상기 증기 발생기는 전기력을 생산하도록 배치되는 단일 증기 터빈 발생기와 연결되어 있는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제29항에 있어서, 상기 단일 증기 터빈 발생기에 의하여 발생한 전기력량은 보조 냉동 장치를 구동시키는 데 충분한 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제24항 내지 제30항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 보조 냉매는 저온 암모니아를 포함하고, 상기 보조 냉동 장치는 1종 이상의 암모니아 냉동 패키지를 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 1종 이상의 암모니아 냉동 패키지는 공냉기(空冷器)에 의하여 냉각되는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제25항 내지 제30항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 보조 냉동 장치는 가스 터빈과 열교환 연통하는데, 상기 열교환 연통은 상기 보조 냉동 장치에 의하여 상기 가스 터빈의 주입구 공기를 냉각시키는 방식으로 배치되어 있는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제24항 내지 제30항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 장치는 압축된 혼합 냉매를 냉동 열교환기 중에 수용시키기 전에 상기 압축된 혼합 냉매를 냉각시키는 냉각기를 포함하는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제34항에 있어서, 상기 냉각기는 공냉식(空冷式) 열교환기이거나 또는 수냉식(水冷式) 열교환기인 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 제24항 내지 제30항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서, 상기 액화 탄화수소 배관 내의 액화 탄화수소는 팽창기를 통하여 팽창되어 상기 액화 탄화수소를 더 냉각시키는 것인 탄화수소 기체 액화 장치.
- 삭제
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