KR101321463B1 - 연료전지 및 연료전지의 제조방법 - Google Patents
연료전지 및 연료전지의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101321463B1 KR101321463B1 KR1020120070105A KR20120070105A KR101321463B1 KR 101321463 B1 KR101321463 B1 KR 101321463B1 KR 1020120070105 A KR1020120070105 A KR 1020120070105A KR 20120070105 A KR20120070105 A KR 20120070105A KR 101321463 B1 KR101321463 B1 KR 101321463B1
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- catalyst
- fuel cell
- layer
- metal
- gas diffusion
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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Abstract
본 발명에 의하면, 기존의 연료전지의 기체확산층(GDL)을 구성하는 GDB(Gas Diffusion Barrier)와 MPL(Micro Porous layer)을 하나의 금속 폼으로 대체함으로써, 장기간의 운전시간이 흘러도 전극의 부식 발생을 억제할 수 있고, 고온에 견딜 수 있으며, 운전에 적합한 구조 및 기공의 분포를 지속적으로 유지할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 금속 폼이 가지고 있는 기계적, 물리적 강도에 의하여 외부의 물리적인 압력에 의하여 형태가 변형되지 않는 연료전지를 제공할 수 있다.
Description
도 2는 종래의 탄소섬유층과 탄소종이로 이루어진 기체확산층의 구조를 나타내는 모식도.
도 3은 종래의 탄소섬유로 이루어진 연료전지의 기체확산층과 본 발명의 금속 폼으로 대체한 기체확산층을 비교한 사진.
도 4는 실시예(도 4a) 및 비교예(도 4b)의 IVP curve를 나타낸 그래프.
|
current density at 0.6V (mA/cm2) | ECSA (m2/g) |
금속폼두께 (㎛) |
|||
O2 200ccm | air 800ccm | |||||
비교예 | 583 | 100% | 347 | 100% | 34.8 | - |
실시예 | 895 | 154% | 552 | 159% | 41.1 | 230 |
Claims (14)
- 고분자 전해질, 다공성 금속 폼으로 이루어진 기체확산층, 및 촉매층을 포함하는 연료전지에 있어서, 상기 기체확산층은 양극(cathode), 음극(anode), 또는 양극 및 음극인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 다공성 금속 폼은 파우더 소결법, 스페이스 홀더를 이용하는 방법, Ice-template법, 디얼로이법(dealloying), 무전해도금법 및 전기도금법 중 선택되는 1종 이상의 방법에 의하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 금속 폼의 금속은 티타늄(Ti), 니켈(Ni), 구리(Cu), 알루미늄, 지르코니엄, 텅스텐, 코발트, 망간, 크로뮴, 은, 금, 나이오븀, 탄탈륨, 실리콘, 이리듐, 몰리브데늄, 아연, 주석, 안티모니, 스테인레스 스틸(SUS) 및 그 합금들로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 촉매층의 촉매는 백금 촉매, 백금-금속(M) 합금촉매 및 금속(M)-백금 core-shell 구조를 갖는 촉매(여기서 M은 Cu, Co, Ni, Pd, Mn, Cr 및 Fe 중 선택되는 1종 이상) 중 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 촉매층의 촉매는 비백금 촉매로서, Co/PANi/CNT, Fe/Co/C 및 WC/Fe/PANi 중 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.
- (a) 액화질소 안에 구리봉을 넣고, 그 위에 금속 입자와 물(동결매체)이 섞인 슬러리를 붓는 단계;
(b) 금속 입자가 얼음 사이에 배치되도록 슬러리를 얼리는 단계;
(c) 동결건조기를 이용하여 상기 슬러리를 어는점 이하에서 얼음만 건조시켜 얼음이 있던 자리가 기공이 되도록 다공성 구조물을 형성시키는 단계;
(d) 상기 다공성 구조물을 퍼니스(furnace)에 넣고 소결시켜 다공성 금속폼을 형성하는 단계; 및
(e) 상기 다공성 금속 폼을 커팅한 것을 기체확산층으로 하여 고분자 전해질층에 부착하여 연료전지를 제조하는 단계
를 포함하는 제1항의 연료전지 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 (e)단계에서 다공성 금속 폼을 커팅한 기체확산층에 촉매층을 부착한 후, 고분자 전해질층에 부착하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 (e)단계에서 고분자 전해질층에 촉매층을 부착한 후, 다공성 금속 폼을 커팅한 기체확산층에 부착하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지 제조방법.
- 제9항 또는 제10항에 있어서,
상기 촉매층의 촉매는 백금 촉매, 백금-금속(M) 합금촉매 및 금속(M)-백금 core-shell 구조를 갖는 촉매(여기서 M은 Cu, Co, Ni, Pd, Mn, Cr 및 Fe 중 선택되는 1종 이상) 중 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지 제조방법.
- 제9항 또는 제10항에 있어서,
상기 촉매층의 촉매는 비백금 촉매로서, Co/PANi/CNT, Fe/Co/C 및 WC/Fe/PANi 중 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,
상기 (e)단계에서 촉매를 부착하는 방식은 스프레이법(spray), 스퍼터링방법(sputtering), 전기화학증착법(electrochemical deposition) 또는 원자층증착법(atomic layer deposition)을 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 금속은 티타늄(Ti), 니켈(Ni), 구리(Cu), 알루미늄, 지르코니엄, 텅스텐, 코발트, 망간, 크로뮴, 은, 금, 나이오븀, 탄탈륨, 실리콘, 이리듐, 몰리브데늄, 아연, 주석, 안티모니, 스테인레스 스틸(SUS) 및 그 합금들로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지 제조방법.
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