KR101127554B1 - 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101127554B1 KR101127554B1 KR1020110072132A KR20110072132A KR101127554B1 KR 101127554 B1 KR101127554 B1 KR 101127554B1 KR 1020110072132 A KR1020110072132 A KR 1020110072132A KR 20110072132 A KR20110072132 A KR 20110072132A KR 101127554 B1 KR101127554 B1 KR 101127554B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- transition metal
- metal oxide
- compound
- oxidation number
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910014010 M2 x M3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 136
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 277
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 189
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 25
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 25
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 24
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical class [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004998 X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002056 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910017093 Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910016486 Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910016777 Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017285 Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002253 near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940071257 lithium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015222 Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005090 crystal field Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 실시예 1에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광(XRD) 패턴이다.
도 3의 그래프 a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m은 각기 NiO, 비교예 1, 비교예 2, 비교예 3, 실시예 9, 실시예 1, 실시예 2, 실시예 3, 실시예 4, 실시예 5, 실시예 6, 실시예 7, 실시예 8에서 합성된 화합물의 Ni K-edge XANES 스펙트라이다.
도 4의 그래프 a, b, c, d, e는 각기 NiO, 비교예 1, 실시예 1, 실시예 2, 실시예 3에서 합성된 화합물의 Ni K-edge EXAFS 스펙트라에 대한 푸리에변환 결과이다.
도 5의 그래프 a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l은 각기 비교예 1, 비교예 2, 비교예 3, 실시예 1, 실시예 2, 실시예 3, 실시예 4, 실시예 5, 실시예 6, 실시예 7, 실시예 8, 실시예 9에서 합성된 화합물의 Mn K-edge XANES 스펙트라이다.
도 6의 그래프 a, b, c, d는 각기 비교예 1, 실시예 1, 실시예 2, 실시예 3에서 합성된 화합물의 Mn K-edge EXAFS 스펙트라에 대한 푸리에변환 결과이다.
도 7의 그래프 a, b, c, d, e, f, g는 각기 비교예 1, 비교예 2, 비교예 3, 실시예 1, 실시예 2, 실시예 3, 실시예 4에서 합성된 화합물의 Co K-edge XANES 스펙트라이다.
도 8의 그래프 a, b는 각기 비교예 1, 실시예 1에서 합성된 화합물의 Co K-edge EXAFS 스펙트라에 대한 푸리에변환 결과이다.
도 9는 실시예 1에서 합성된 화합물을 양극 활물질로 이용한 리튬이차전지의 0.2C 충?방전 그래프이다.
도 10은 실시예 2에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 11은 실시예 2에서 합성된 화합물을 양극 활물질로 이용한 리튬이차전지의 0.2C 충?방전 그래프이다.
도 12는 실시예 3에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 13은 실시예 4에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 14는 실시예 5에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 15는 실시예 6에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 16은 실시예 7에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 17은 실시예 8에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 18은 실시예 9에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 19는 실시예 9에서 합성된 화합물을 양극 활물질로 이용한 리튬이차전지의 0.2C 충?방전 그래프이다.
도 20은 비교예 1에서 합성된 화합물의 X-선 회절분광 패턴이다.
도 21은 비교예 1에서 합성된 화합물을 양극 활물질로 이용한 리튬이차전지의 0.1C (), 0.2C (), 0.5C(----) 충?방전 그래프이다.
Claims (12)
- 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
[화학식 1] Li1-aM11-x-y-zM2xM3yM4zO2
상기 식에서, M1은 Ni3+이거나 또는 +3의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 전이금속과 Ni3+의 조합이고, M2는 +4의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 전이금속이며, M3은 +5의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 전이금속이고, M4는 +2의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 원소이며, x+2y-z>0, x+y+z<1, 0<a<1, 0<x<0.75, 0≤y<0.6, 0≤z<0.3이다. - 제1항에 있어서, 0≤z<0.2인, 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 0≤z<0.1인, 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 0.1≤z<0.2인, 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 0.2≤z<0.3인, 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, M1은 Co3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Cr3+, Ti3+, V3+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상과 Ni3+의 조합이고, M2는 Ni4+, Co4+, Mn4+, Ti4+, V4+로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상이며, M3은 V5+, Mn5+, Mo5+, W5+로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상이고, M4는 Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cr2+, V2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상인, 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, Li0.9Ni0.8 3+Mn0.1 4+Co0.1 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.6 3+Mn0.2 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.7Ni0.5 3+Mn0.3 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.6Ni0.4 3+Mn0.4 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.7 3+Mn0.2 4+Fe0.1 3+O2, Li0.7Ni0.6 3+Mn0.3 4+Fe0.1 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.6 3+Mn0.2 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.7Ni0.5 3+Mn0.3 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.98Ni0.72 3+Ni0.08 2+Mn0.1 4+Co0.1 3+O2, Li0.86Ni0.54 3+Ni0.06 2+Mn0.2 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.75Ni0.45 3+Ni0.05 2+Mn0.3 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.64Ni0.36 3+Ni0.04 2+Mn0.4 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.55Ni0.45 3+Ni0.05 2+Mn0.5 4+O2, Li0.98Ni0.72 3+Ni0.08 2+Mn0.1 4+Fe0.1 3+O2, Li0.86Ni0.54 3+Ni0.06 2+Mn0.2 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.75Ni0.45 3+Ni0.05 2+Mn0.3 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.64Ni0.36 3+Ni0.04 2+Mn0.4 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.98Ni0.72 3+Ni0.08 2+Mn0.1 4+Al0.1 3+O2, Li0.86Ni0.54 3+Ni0.06 2+Mn0.2 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.75Ni0.45 3+Ni0.05 2+Mn0.3 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.64Ni0.36 3+Ni0.04 2+Mn0.4 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.68Ni0.32 3+Ni0.08 2+Mn0.4 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.68Ni0.32 3+Ni0.08 2+Mn0.4 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.68Ni0.32 3+Ni0.08 2+Mn0.4 4+Al0.2 3+O2로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, Li0.92Ni0.48 3+Ni0.12 2+Mn0.2 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.4 3+Ni0.1 2+Mn0.3 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.6Ni0.4 3+Ni0.1 2+Mn0.5 4+O2, Li0.92Ni0.48 3+Ni0.12 2+Mn0.2 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.4 3+Ni0.1 2+Mn0.3 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.92Ni0.48 3+Ni0.12 2+Mn0.2 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.4 3+Ni0.1 2+Mn0.3 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.85Ni0.35 3+Ni0.15 2+Mn0.3 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.72Ni0.28 3+Ni0.12 2+Mn0.4 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.65Ni0.35 3+Ni0.15 2+Mn0.5 4+O2, Li0.85Ni0.35 3+Ni0.15 2+Mn0.3 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.72Ni0.28 3+Ni0.12 2+Mn0.4 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.85Ni0.35 3+Ni0.15 2+Mn0.3 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.72Ni0.28 3+Ni0.12 2+Mn0.4 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.76Ni0.24 3+Ni0.16 2+Mn0.4 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.76Ni0.24 3+Ni0.16 2+Mn0.4 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.76Ni0.24 3+Ni0.16 2+Mn0.4 4+Al0.2 3+O2로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 있어서, Li0.9Ni0.3 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.3 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.7Ni0.3 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.5 4+O2, Li0.9Ni0.3 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.3 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.9Ni0.3 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.3 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.95Ni0.25 3+Ni0.25 2+Mn0.3 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.2 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.4 4+Co0.2 3+O2, Li0.75Ni0.25 3+Ni0.25 2+Mn0.5 4+O2, Li0.95Ni0.25 3+Ni0.25 2+Mn0.3 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.2 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.4 4+Fe0.2 3+O2, Li0.95Ni0.25 3+Ni0.25 2+Mn0.3 4+Al0.2 3+O2, Li0.8Ni0.2 3+Ni0.2 2+Mn0.4 4+Al0.2 3+O2로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물.
- 제1항에 따른 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물을 전극 활물질로서 포함하고 있는 전극.
- 제1항에 따른 물질을 전극 활물질로 사용하는 2차전지, 연료전지, 태양전지, 메모리 소자, 또는 캐패시터.
- (a) 전이금속이 용해되어 있는 제1수용액 및 알칼리화제가 용해되어 있는 제2수용액을 생성하는 단계;
(b) 상기 제1수용액과 상기 제2수용액을 아임계 또는 초임계 상태의 물과 혼합하여 전이금속 산화물 전구체를 생성시키는 단계;
(c) 상기 전이금속 산화물 전구체에 함유된 +3 미만의 산화수를 가지는 전이금속의 일부 또는 전부를 +3의 산화수를 갖도록 산화시키는 단계;
(d) 상기 단계 (c)의 결과물을 리튬 전구체 화합물과 혼합하여 하소하는 단계를 포함하는,
하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상형 결정구조의 단일상 리튬-부족형 리튬 다성분계 전이금속 산화물의 제조 방법.
[화학식 1] Li1-aM11-x-y-zM2xM3yM4zO2
상기 식에서, M1은 Ni3+이거나 또는 +3의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 전이금속과 Ni3+의 조합이고, M2는 +4의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 전이금속이고, M3은 +5의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 전이금속이고, M4는 +2의 산화수를 갖는 하나 이상의 원소이며, x+2y-z>0, x+y+z<1, 0<a<1, 0<x<0.75, 0≤y<0.6, 0≤z<0.3이다.
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US20160006025A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2016-01-07 | Iucf-Hyu(Industry- University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University) | Cathode active material for lithium secondary battery |
CN110383541A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-10-25 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 包含形成有含贫锂过渡金属氧化物的涂层的富锂锂锰基氧化物的正极活性材料和包含其的锂二次电池 |
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GB201400347D0 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-02-26 | Faradion Ltd | Doped nickelate compounds |
GB201409163D0 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-09 | Faradion Ltd | Compositions containing doped nickelate compounds |
KR101918719B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-11-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
US11114662B2 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2021-09-07 | Umicore | Precursor and method for preparing Ni based cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries |
US11367872B2 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2022-06-21 | Umicore | Precursor and method for preparing Ni based cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries |
KR102174720B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-11-05 | 주식회사 에코프로비엠 | 리튬복합산화물 및 이의 제조 방법 |
EP3499611A3 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-11-06 | Ecopro Bm Co., Ltd. | Lithium metal complex oxide and manufacturing method of the same |
CN109809499B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2021-03-19 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 富锂正极材料前驱体、富锂正极材料及其制备方法 |
JP2025518442A (ja) * | 2022-04-13 | 2025-06-17 | ハント エナジー エンタープライジーズ, エル.エル.シー. | コーティングされた金属酸化物材料、およびそれを作製する方法、プロセス、および装置 |
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- 2012-07-09 CN CN201280035994.XA patent/CN103687813A/zh active Pending
- 2012-07-09 RU RU2014103676/05A patent/RU2014103676A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20160006025A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2016-01-07 | Iucf-Hyu(Industry- University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University) | Cathode active material for lithium secondary battery |
CN110383541A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-10-25 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 包含形成有含贫锂过渡金属氧化物的涂层的富锂锂锰基氧化物的正极活性材料和包含其的锂二次电池 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201311568A (zh) | 2013-03-16 |
EP2734474A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
WO2013012192A2 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
JP2014529326A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
WO2013012192A3 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
CN103687813A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
CA2839676A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
US20140131617A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
EP2734474A2 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
RU2014103676A (ru) | 2015-08-27 |
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