KR100938490B1 - Manufacturing method of raw fertilizer using palm oil extraction process waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the fiber of kernel shells obtained from palm oil extraction process waste, empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residues. It relates to a method for producing a raw fertilizer recycled and a raw fertilizer produced thereby. The live fertilizer according to the present invention can maximize the growth of plants physiologically by applying a functional microbial community (FMC) having plant growth promoting activity or antifungal activity, and prevents or gradually cures soil diseases such as Ganoderma disease. It is effective, and solid state fermentation (SSF) can be used to promote the growth of microorganisms and improve the condition of the soil.

Palm oil, waste, raw fertilizer, compost, palm oil extraction process wastewater (POME), EFB, kernel shell

Description

Method for Preparing Bio-Fertilizer Using Palm Oil Extraction Process Wastes {Method for Preparing Biofertilizer Using Palm Oil Mill Wastage}

The present invention relates to the fiber of kernel shells obtained from palm oil extraction process waste, empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residues. It relates to a manufacturing method of recycled raw fertilizer.

Palm is a Palma plant, usually a large plant with a pinnate or palmate leaf topped in a tubular shape with no branches on the stem. Approximately 1,000 species are known, most of which grow in tropical or subtropical areas. Among the best known are various varieties, such as cocoa palm, pan palm, wax palm, palmyra and cabin palm and palmetto. Oil palms, date palms, and coconut palms are better known for their daily necessities that are harvested in different parts of East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.

Harvesting all farms generates a significant amount of biomass and waste, which are mostly not handled in a satisfactory manner. In other words, the most preferred disposal method was incineration, which caused a lot of pollution. Other leaf disposal methods, on the other hand, simply deposit biomass or waste in areas surrounding crops that decay or decompose over an extended period of time. Generally, this approach is faster than the rate at which the biomass and waste decay. It was not satisfactory because it tends to accumulate. In addition, palm oil wastes such as kernel shells, empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) are difficult and time consuming to biodegrade by microorganisms.

Shredding palm fibrous waste to recycle such wastes; And mixing the finely crushed palm fibrous waste with the dried plant mill effluent and peat (Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2005-0083878) and coco peat and molasses. (CMS), a method of making fertilizer (compost) by fermenting organic waste (food + nutrient) using charcoal (Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2004-0048758) has been developed.

However, the above recycling methods still have low efficiency of the manufacturing method or the resulting product was not economically useful.

Accordingly, the present inventors have made efforts to provide a new process that is economical and can completely process the palm oil extraction process waste, resulting in a kernel shell, empty fruit bunch (EFB), Palm oil extraction process (POME) and a process of obtaining raw fiber after obtaining pre-treatment of fiber of palm fruit residue and developing a process to manufacture raw fertilizer, and the manufacturing process completely processes palm oil extraction waste. After confirming that it is friendly and economical, the present invention has been completed.

An object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly biological process for completely processing the palm oil extraction process waste.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and economical viable fertilizer and a method of manufacturing the same that can replace the existing chemical fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing live fertilizer using palm oil extraction process waste comprising the following steps:

(a) Kernel shells, empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residues from palm oil mill wastage. Obtaining fiber;

(b) carbonizing the kernel shell to obtain carbon;

(c) incinerating the EFB to obtain ash;

(d) treating the POME with a micro air bubble and then filtering to obtain a dewatered cake of POME sludge;

(e) mixing the fiber, kernel shell charcoal, EFB ash and dehydrated cake of palm fruit residues obtained in each of steps (a) to (d); And

(f) aging the mixture to prepare a fertilizer.

The present invention also provides carbon obtained by carbonizing kernel shells, ash obtained by incineration of empty fruit bunch (EFB), and palm oil mill effluent (POME). A fertilizer prepared by ripening a fibrous mixture of dehydrated cake of POME sludge and palm fruit residues obtained from the above is provided.

The present invention provides an environmentally friendly process for completely processing the palm oil extraction process waste, and at the same time has the effect of providing an economical fertilizer with excellent economic viability to replace the chemical fertilizer. The live fertilizer according to the present invention can maximize the growth of plants physiologically by applying a functional microbial community (FMC) having plant growth promoting or antifungal activity, prevent soil diseases such as Ganoderma disease, or heal slowly It is effective to promote the growth of microorganisms and improve the state of the soil by using a solid state fermentation system (Solid state fermentation, SSF).

In one aspect, the present invention provides a kernel shell, empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residues obtained from palm oil extraction process waste. The present invention relates to a method for producing raw fertilizers in which fibers are recycled.

The process for preparing raw manure using palm oil extraction process waste according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

(a) Kernel shells, empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residues from palm oil mill wastage. Obtaining fiber;

(b) carbonizing the kernel shell to obtain carbon;

(c) incinerating the EFB to obtain ash;

(d) treating the POME with a micro air bubble and then filtering to obtain a dewatered cake of POME sludge;

(e) mixing the fiber, kernel shell charcoal, EFB ash and dehydrated cake of palm fruit residues obtained in each of steps (a) to (d); And

(f) aging the mixture to prepare a fertilizer.

In the present invention, the filtration of the step (d) comprises (i) carbon obtained by carbonizing the kernel shell, (ii) ash obtained by incineration of the EFB, and (iii) the palm fruit. This can be done using a filter in which fibers of the residue are mixed. At this time, the wastewater filtered in step (d) is transferred to a biological water treatment tank using aerobic microorganisms and treated, and a dewatered cake is obtained from sludge at the bottom of the water treatment tank, which can be further added to the mixing process of step (e). have. In addition, the fiber of the kernel shell charcoal, EFB ash and palm fruit residue used as a filter for the filtration of the POME treated with the fine air bubbles can be used as raw material for the production of live fertilizer, in the carbonization process of the kernel shell The generated smoke may be collected and liquefied wood vinegar may be further added to the mixing process of step (e). In addition, minerals may be further included.

In the present invention, the maturation of the step (f) may be characterized by using a microorganism having plant growth promoting ability or antifungal ability.

According to another aspect of the present invention, carbon obtained by carbonizing kernel shells, ash obtained by incineration of empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent; POME sludge obtained from the dewatering cake of POME sludge and a fibrous mixture of palm fruit residues. Preferably, the kernel shell carbon is 15 to 25% by weight, the EFB ash is 15 to 25% by weight, the decanter cake is 35 to 45% by weight, and the fiber of the palm fruit residue is 15 to 25%. It may include weight percent.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a manufacturing method of the raw fertilizer according to the present invention, look at this in detail as follows.

1. Obtaining and Pretreatment of Palm Oil Extraction Waste

Fiber from kernel shell, empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residue from palm oil mill wastage ) Can be obtained (FIG. 2). The obtained raw material is pretreated through the following process.

(1) pretreatment of kernel shells: carbonization

The kernel refers to the nucleus of the palm, and the kernel shell is also called the nucleus shell. When separating kernels from palm seeds, the kernel shells are shredded and collected. The kernel shell is stripped to a suitable size of less than 1 inch and then carbonized by a carbonator to produce kernel shell carbon.

(2) Pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB): incineration in air pollution control system

The EFB has been incinerated and burned to ashes many years ago, but in the process of incineration, dense and harmful fumes have occurred, and the Ministry of Environment prohibits incineration of EFB. Therefore, in the present invention, the air pollution control system is applied to the incinerator, and EFB is recycled as a raw material of raw fertilizer in the form of ash. The EFB ash thus prepared can be used as a soil conditioner, ie to neutralize the pH of POME and farm soils, to promote the growth of microorganisms and also as a source of natural kali.

(3) Palm oil extraction process Pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME): micro airbubbler system, filtering and water treatment using microorganisms

Since POME is rich in oils and solids, which are useful sources for microbial growth media, the mass of POME (dehydrated cake of POME sludge) obtained by the pretreatment process is an excellent nitrite source for live fertilizers. .

In order to easily obtain a mass of POME (dehydrated cake), the following fine air bubble treatment process was performed. That is, in order to increase efficiency and obtain a viable source economically, a microbubble system uses an airbubbler to blow a large number of microbubbles into the untreated POME. The air bubbler is similar to the air generator used in a general fish tank, but refers to a device that minimizes and supplies bubbles, ie, air bubbles, in microns. At this time, it is preferably used to generate nano-size air bubbles (nano size airbubbles).

When blowing a small size of air bubbles to the POME as described above, they form a cluster and when floating to the surface to rise a mass of POME in the water, that is, SS (suspended solid) together. In other words, it is possible to float turbid masses of POME without the use of flocculants, making it easy to separate the mass of POME, or sludge.

3 is a photograph showing a process of treating air bubbles in the POME, and a sludge layer formed on the upper part after the treatment. In FIG. 3, (a) shows the appearance of POME before treatment, (b) shows the appearance of blowing fine air bubbles, and (c) shows the sludge layer formed on the upper layer and the water layer formed on the lower part after the air bubble treatment. It is a photograph showing that.

In addition, when the air bubbles rise, the existing anaerobic microorganisms in the water rises together, the instantaneous temperature rises to 3000 ℃ when the bubble burst, the sterilization effect is very large. In addition, the dissolved oxygen in the water is greatly increased, a large amount of sludge removed water is a good environment for aerobic microorganisms to live.

On the other hand, the obstacles to POME's water treatment are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), high content of oil and low pH (about pH 4). In order to separate the lump and oil and to adjust the pH of the POME after the filtration to an appropriate pH, it is preferable to use a natural filter utilizing the pretreated raw materials of (1) and (2). In other words, ash obtained by incineration of EFB, carbon obtained by carbonizing kernel shells, and fiber obtained from palm fruit residue are used as filters. The fibrous layer of the filter primarily screens the suspended solids flocculated by the micro air bubbles. In addition, POME passes through the EFB ash and is adjusted to an appropriate pH, and microfloats are screened through the coal seam.

The air-treated and filtered POME as described above has less Suspended Solids (SS) and neutralized pH, which is sent to a biological water treatment tank, which undergoes aerobic bioprocessing and eventually becomes clean water. At this time, the sludge of the bottom of the water treatment tank may be mixed and used as a raw material of the raw fertilizer in the form of a dewatered cake together with the sludge obtained by filtering after the air bubble treatment.

2. Mixing and Aging of Raw Materials

The fiber of kernel shell charcoal, EFB ash, dehydrated cake and palm fruit residues obtained through the pretreatment process are mixed. In this case, wood vinegar which is a by-product liquefied by collecting smoke generated during the carbonization process to improve the quality of raw fertilizer ( PLL: Pyro Ligeneous Liquid) or minerals can be mixed together.

The carbon obtained by carbonizing the kernel shell is not only used as an adsorption filter in water treatment, but also a good habitat for microorganisms due to its high porosity. In addition, EFB ash is used as a raw material of the raw fertilizer to adjust the pH of the dewatered cake of POME sludge to neutral, it can also be used to promote the growth of microorganisms during the maturing of the fertilizer. Dehydrated cakes from POME are an excellent nitrite source for live fertilizers, especially when microorganisms are processed in the fertilizer manufacturing process. In addition, the fiber of palm fruit residues serves as a medium for supplying the air required for aerobic microorganisms during the fermentation process, and also serves to quickly induce natural drying. After fermentation and drying of the fertilizer is completed, some of the decomposed fiber through the step is used as raw fertilizer, and the filtered dry fiber is used together with microorganisms to circulate to the POME filter process.

As shown in FIG. 1, mixing and ripening of the raw materials is preferably performed by a solid state fermentation system (SSF system). The SSF system can control temperature, humidity, oxygen and pH, as well as homogenizing the raw fertilizer. The ripening process can take between 15 and 40 days. After fermentation, the fertilizer is dried and homogenized and then packed. At this time, the fractionation process may be further roughened after the drying process, and in this case, some fibers may be obtained again and recycled during screening.

In order to obtain high quality fertilizer, one embodiment of the present invention used a specific microbial community (FMC) as a microorganism having plant growth promoting and antifungal activity. FMC used in the present invention is a microorganism isolated from the root of the palm tree (root surface and inside the root). That is, five strains ( Bacillus) having plant growth promoting or antifungal activity among microorganisms isolated from the root area of palm tree cereus EP1, Bacillus cereus EP2, Bacillus cereus EP3, Bacillus cereus EP5 and Bacillus cereus BP315) was selected and used for aging.

In the present invention, a specific FMC was used as a microorganism having plant growth promoting activity and antifungal activity in the aging process, but is not limited to those having plant growth promoting activity and antifungal activity.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not to be construed as limited by these examples.

Example  1. Pretreatment of Palm Oil Extraction Waste

The waste from palm oil milling is 225 tons of EFB per day, 54 tons of kernel husk and 600 tons of POME. In this example, 50 tons of kernel shell, 200 tons of EFB and 600 tons of POME were used.

(1) Incinerators and carbonizers with air pollution control system incinerated ash to yield 5% yield, thus yielding 10 tons of 200 tons of EFB and 20% of kernel shells, thus yielding 50 tons of kernels. The shells were carbonized to obtain 10 tons of kernel shell bullets.

(2) On the other hand, POME was treated with fine air bubbles, oil was removed using an oil recycler, and air bubbles treated POME was added with 50 tons of palm fruit residue fiber to the mixture of EFB ash and kernel shell charcoal. It was filtered by a filter.

(3) The filtered water was sent to a biological water treatment pond and treated with aerobic microorganisms to obtain clean water.

(4) On the other hand, the POME sludge obtained by filtration obtained 50 tons in the form of a decanter cake (FIG. 4).

Example  2: Mixing and Aging Process

In 20 tons (40% by weight) of 50 tons of decanter cake obtained in Example 1, 10 tons (20% by weight) of EFB ash, 10 tons (20% by weight) and 50 tons of fiber were used as the filter. (40 tons were put into a reusing process through a chastity step and only 20 tons of 10 tons were used as fertilizer). In addition, 10 tons of wood vinegar and 10 kg of mineral per tonne of fertilizer was used.

At this time, the moisture content of each raw material is 70% of dehydrated cake, 8% of fiber, ash and charcoal less than 5%, and when mixed, the water becomes about 60% suitable for microbial activity. The amount of water evaporated during the fermentation process is to collect the fine suspended solids flocculated by the microorganisms in the water treatment pond for a certain period of microbial activity to maintain the proper function and to administer the organic matter.

The final raw fertilizer produced through mixing, fermentation and drying of the above raw materials is about 50 tons (including 500 L of wood liquor (PLL) and 500 kg of mineral mixed and used together) (FIG. 4).

Example  3: functionality Of microbial population (FMC)  Inoculation and Raw fertilizer  Produce

3-1: Performance of FMC

Five strains of bacterium isolated from the root of palm tree with plant growth promoting or antifungal activity ( Bacillus cereus EP1, Bacillus cereus EP2, Bacillus cereus EP3, Bacillus cereus EP5 and Bacillus cereus BP315) was selected as follows.

(a) antifungal effect

Rhizoctonia , a representative soil infectious pathogen solani , Fusarium oxysporum , Pythium ultimum, and Botrytis Experiments were conducted to assay the antifungal ability against cinerea . In other words, four fungi, R. solani , F. oxysporum , P. ultimum , and B. cinerea , which grew sufficiently in the center of PDA (Potato Dextrose Broth Agar), a fungal medium, to verify the antifungal effect of microorganisms isolated from the palm root area Inhibition of mold growth after 2-4 days after inoculation of a plug of a mold (a piece of mold grown on the medium) and inoculation using a sterile loop to sterilize bacteria isolated from palm roots at a distance of 4-5 cm from the center The clear zone was investigated. The results of verifying antifungal activity are shown in Table 1.

<Table 1> Antifungal Effect of Bacteria Isolated from Palm Root Region

Strain Rhizoctonia solani Fusarium oxysporum Pythium ultimum Botrytis cinerea EP1 + - - ++ EP2 ++ - +++ ++ EP3 ++ - +++ - EP5 +++ - + ++ BP315 + + ++++ + BH15a ++++ ++ - -

-: no inhibition; +: 1.0 mm; ++: 2.0mm, +++: 3.0mm, ++++: 4.0mm

As a result of the antifungal ability verification, the final six strains were selected from the microorganisms isolated from the root area of palm trees. However, BH15a strain, Pseudomonas , which is difficult to commercialize and formulate as a result of 16s rDNA analysis. sp. were analyzed and excluded from subsequent experiments.

(b) Plant growth promoting effect

The selected strains were examined for growth promoting capacity for cucumbers and peppers. Ie Bacillus cereus EP1, Bacillus cereus EP2, Bacillus cereus EP3, Bacillus cereus EP5 and Bacillus cereus BP315 strains were inoculated on tops of cucumber and red pepper seedlings and observed for growth.

As a result, the EP1, EP2, EP3, EP 5 strains were statistically significant compared to the control group treated with water and the 1mM BTH (2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole, trade name: Bion, Bion) treated group, a chemical that induces plant resistance. It showed the ability to promote growth. Figure 5 is a photograph showing the growth effect on the pepper seedlings of the strain.

(c) inductive resistance

For the microbial group isolated from the palm root region including the selected strain, in addition to the verification test for the antifungal activity and plant growth promoting ability, the induction resistance used as an important factor in the recent disease control was tested for cucumber anthrax.

That is, microorganisms isolated from the palm root area were incubated at a concentration of 10 ⁸ and irrigated 5 ml each at the root of cucumber, and after 7 days, cucumber anthrax ( Colletotrichum Orbiculare ) was sprayed evenly on cucumber leaves at 10 ⁵ spore concentration, and then stored in a humid box for 1 day and then moved to a greenhouse.

As a result, as shown in Figure 6, EP1, EP3, EP13, EP15 strain was found to significantly reduce the degree of disease to protect the plant. That is, it was confirmed that the induction resistance is also excellent in the case of EP1 and EP3 selected from the present invention.

Bacillus cereus EP1, Bacillus showed excellent antifungal and plant growth promoting ability through the experiment cereus EP2, Bacillus cereus EP3, Bacillus cereus EP5 and Bacillus cereus BP315 strain was deposited on March 5, 2008 with the following accession number to the Gene Bank of Korea Biotechnology Center.

Table 2 FMC-constituting microorganisms

Strain name Deposit number function B. cereus EP1 KCTC 11292BP Plant growth promotion, induction resistance B. cereus EP2 KCTC 11293BP Antifungal activity, plant growth promotion B. cereus EP3 KCTC 11294BP Antifungal activity, plant growth promotion, induction resistance B. cereus EP5 KCTC 11295BP Antifungal function, plant growth promotion B. cereus BP315 KCTC 11296BP Antifungal activity

3-2: Preparation of Raw Fertilizer Using FMC

Bacillus before aging and drying the mixture of Example 2 cereus EP1, Bacillus cereus EP2, Bacillus cereus EP3, Bacillus After inoculating microorganisms isolated from the roots of palm trees containing cereus EP5 and Bacillus cereus BP315 strains (Table 2), aged and dried for 15 to 40 days, 50 tons of fertilizer was prepared by screening and grinding. .

The raw fertilizer of the present invention has the effect of neutralizing the pH of the soil, including EFB ash, and since the dehydrated cake obtained from POME acts as a good source of nitrite, the fertilizer according to the present invention is an economical alternative to chemical fertilizers. It can be seen that it is an efficient fertilizer for the growth of crops.

On the other hand, if you look at the water treatment process, POME treated with air bubbles has a pH of about 4, but the water filtered using the filter was found to be almost neutralized with a pH of 5 or more. With the increased and large amount of sludge removed, the water from the biological water treatment tanks using microorganisms appeared to be clean enough for fish to live, showing that the process of the present invention is an environmentally friendly process that allows complete disposal of waste.

As described above in detail a specific part of the content of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, such a specific description is only a preferred embodiment, which is not limited by the scope of the present invention Will be obvious. Thus, the substantial scope of the present invention will be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a manufacturing process of a raw fertilizer according to the present invention.

2 is a photograph of raw materials used in the present invention.

3 is a photograph showing a process of treating air bubbles in the POME in the pretreatment step of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and a sludge layer formed on the upper part after the treatment.

4 shows a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a photograph showing the growth promoting effect of pepper seedlings by the microorganisms isolated from the root of the palm tree.

Figure 6 is a graph of the results of induction resistance test for cucumber anthrax by microorganisms isolated from the root zone of palm trees.

Claims (8)

Manufacturing method of raw fertilizer using palm oil extraction process waste comprising the following steps: (a) Kernel shells, empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm fruit residues from palm oil mill wastage. Obtaining fiber; (b) carbonizing the kernel shell to obtain carbon; (c) incinerating the EFB to obtain ash; (d) treating the POME with a micro air bubble and then filtering to obtain a dewatered cake of POME sludge; (e) mixing the fiber, kernel shell charcoal, EFB ash and dehydrated cake of palm fruit residues obtained in each of steps (a) to (d); And (f) aging the mixture using microorganisms to produce a live fertilizer. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration of step (d) comprises (i) carbon obtained by carbonizing the kernel shell, (ii) ash and (iii) palm obtained by incineration of the EFB. Characterized in that it is carried out using a filter in which fibers of the fruit residue are mixed. The wastewater filtered in step (d) is transferred to a biological water treatment tank using aerobic microorganisms for treatment, and dewatered cakes are obtained from the sludge at the bottom of the water treatment tank and added to the mixing process of step (e). Method characterized in that the input. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquefied wood liquor (Pyro Ligeneous Liquid, PLL) collected during the carbonization of the kernel shell of step (b) is further added to the mixing process of step (e). How to. The method of claim 1, wherein the maturation of step (f) is characterized in that it uses a microorganism having plant growth promoting or antifungal ability. The method of claim 5, wherein the microorganism is Bacillus cereus EP1 (KCTC 11292BP), Bacillus cereus EP2 (KCTC 11293BP), Bacillus cereus EP3 (KCTC 11294BP), Bacillus cereus EP5 (KCTC 11295BP) and Bacillus cereus BP315 ( KCTC 11296BP) is a method for producing a raw fertilizer, characterized in that any one or more selected from the group consisting of. 15-25 wt% of carbon obtained by carbonizing kernel shell, 15-25 wt% of ash obtained by incineration of empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil extraction process palm oil Excellent antifungal activity and plant growth promoting ability, prepared by ripening a mixture of 35 to 45% by weight of POME sludge dehydrated cake obtained from mill effluent; Fertilizer. delete

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