KR100835757B1 - Flex-to-fixed user interface devices - Google Patents

Abstract

The user interface device for a computer provides an interface display screen with both flexible and rigid structural features as well as variable size and shape features. This feature provides ease of use with large scale visibility and portability and convenience of small form elements. Although the device can be easily used in non-wearable and non-portable computer environments, it is particularly suitable for flexible, wearable and / or portable computer environments.

Flexible, Wearable Computer, Visual Interface, Interactive Display, Touch Screen

Description

FLEX-TO-FIXED USER INTERFACE DEVICES}

1 is a perspective view of an interactive display device of semi-rigid form according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 1 in a semi-rigid form when worn on the user's arm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 1 in a generally flexible form in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 1 in the form of a semi-rigid convex in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 1 in a generally semi-rigid concave form in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 in a generally tubular form, erected on an end according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG.

7 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of generally semi-rigid form in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of generally semi-rigid form including additional support in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 8 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a plan view of a plurality of screen display apparatuses in which square sections are in a dense form according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 10 in an expanded form in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

12 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 10 partially deployed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a plan view of a plurality of screen display apparatuses in which pie-shaped sections are in a dense form according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 is a plan view of the device of Figure 13 in a partially unrolled form in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 15 is a schematic representation of the device of Figures 13-14 in a fully deployed form when worn around the neck of a user in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a number of screen display devices when worn around the neck of a user in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 is a perspective view of a collapsible screen display device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

18 is a perspective view of a plurality of screen display apparatus in the form of an umbrella according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 19 is a cross sectional view of a wearable PC support component for use with a display device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 20 is an attempt at the apparatus of Figure 1 with additional communication elements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

21 is a cross-sectional view of a display device having an internal support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a sectional view of a display device having a sheet-like inner support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention relates to an interface device of a computer system, for example a personal computer system designed to be worn on a user's body, and more particularly to a visual display device having a comfortable wearable form element and excellent input / output capability. It is about.

Computer devices worn on various types of bodies are used in many commercial, industrial and consumer environments. A good wearable computer is one that is light in weight, flexible, ergonomically superior and can be used in all everyday activities. In one example, a flexible circuit or equivalent flexible transmission device is physically coupled with independent computer modules to comfortably distribute the computer around the body to adapt to various morphological changes in the body. Standard-interconnect input / output devices allow easy user upgrades and module replacement. A spread-spectrum wireless local area network (LAN) enables conversations with other users or host computer systems. Flexible wearable computer devices are a viable alternative to the square-shaped machine that is comfortable, easy to use, convenient and to date the only choice on the market.

US Patent Nos. 5,285,398, 5,491,651, 5,581,492, and 5,798,907, assigned by Janic, and US Pat. Discuss a number of very good designs that are expected to dominate over wearable computers.

Typical portable displays can be hard and cumbersome to carry or inconvenient to wear. Displays that are small enough to fit in a pocket have factors of thickness or rigidity that make them awkward to adapt to them for long periods of time. In addition, even "sheet" computer prototypes, such as Sharp's conceptual system-on-panel (SOP) computer (with form elements only millimeters thick) are generally rigid and thus Comfort problems appear Head wear displays are also known to be used in a variety of environments, but are typically bulky, heavy, hot, otherwise uncomfortable and aesthetically unpleasant.

Embodiments of the present invention provide displays that have both flexible and rigid structural characteristics, and vary in size and shape, thereby exhibiting significant advantages over the prior art of human-wearable and mobile display systems. Embodiments of the invention combine the advantages of a large display (eg visibility and ease of use) with the comfort and portability of a much smaller display.

In one embodiment, the display of the present invention is worn such that it can be peeled around body parts in a first, generally semi-rigid or fixed form. The display is preferably a flexible sheet with a portion that serves at least as a display or an interactive visual interface. If desired, the user manipulates the display in a second semi-rigid form that detaches the display from the body part flexibly and then detachably secures the same body part or another body part. This conformable display, of course, exhibits the same dual flexible / semi-rigid capabilities when placed away from the user's body (eg on a desktop). In another example, the display of the present invention includes a plurality of seat sections that are movably connected to each other to allow mutual rotation, folding or slipping of the seat sections. The display or interactive visual interface may look on at least one of the sheet sections, but may look optimal on all or a few of the sheet sections. The sheet sections are moved relative to each other to change the size and shape of the display. Of course, multiple seat sections can be worn to make viewing easier.

Due to these dual flexible / semi-stiffness characteristics and variable size / shape features that may be combined or used alone, the displays of the present invention provide a highly portable, convenient display that is easily worn and portable. The combination of these features yields a display that selectively matches the chameleon to the environment.

Embodiments of the invention are broadly applicable to many different computer technologies and environments. Flexible wearable computers are quickly accepted in the market for various computer environments, including military, livelihood, law enforcement, medical and other environments. In addition, display devices with high visibility and portability are of practical importance not only in wearable computer environments, but also in all computer environments using graphics or text input / output. Thus, although certain embodiments of the invention will be discussed with respect to a wearable computer and with respect to a particular flexible wearable computer, the present invention is not necessarily limited to such embodiments. Rather, embodiments may be moved or used to a desktop environment, among other possibilities.

The flexible-fixed interface device 10 of the present invention is shown generally in FIG. The device 10 includes a sheet 12 having first and second edges 14 and 16 and third and fourth edges 18 and 20. Device 10 includes a display or interface screen 22 as well as an optional bracket 24.

The sheet 12 of the device 10 is formed of a shape-holding flexible layer that is as resilient as possible. As shown, the elasticity of the sheet 12 generally maintains the tubular shape shown but can be peeled off by bending the edges 14, 16 apart from each other and pulling back along the A direction of the arrow. Conversely, the sheet 12 can be pressed together with the edges 14 and 16 along the direction B of the arrow to form a more closed tubular shape. Fasteners or brackets 24 (or other suitable fasteners) are provided at the edges to assist in the shape retaining characteristics of the seat 12, which remains substantially fixed, such as the tubular shape shown in FIG. (14, 16) is optionally used to fill each other.

The seat 12 generally forms an interface in the form of a “touch screen” that allows touch input with a visual display, such as a computer monitor. As shown in FIG. 1, interface screen 22 is a sheet 12 that supports " touchscreen " -type technology including visual display, input / output functions, and an optional key-reduction algorithm. Represents the activity area of the award. The device 10 can of course be turned on or off.

The interface screen 22 is shown to occupy only a portion of the sheet, but is optionally sized to cover the entire surface or only a portion of the sheet 12. Moreover, interface screen 22 may be located at any desired portion of sheet 12 and is not limited to the position shown in FIG. In addition, the interface screen 22 is not limited to the rectangular shape shown in FIG. 1 including variable shape characteristics. The size, position and shape of the screen 22 on the sheet 12 is associated with the CPU-based computer system 23 communicating with the device 10 via wired or wireless, RF, body LAN and other well-known communication technologies, Controlled by a suitable software driver known or easily recognized by those skilled in the art.

As shown in Figure 2, the device 10 is specially adapted to be worn on the user's forearm 25 or other body parts (e.g., thigh, waist, etc.). In this arrangement, the device 10 is of a "round" configuration that conforms morphologically to the forearm 25 and allows for easy portability. The opposite edges 14, 16 of the device 10 are adjusted to contact or approach each other depending on the degree of tightening desired by the user. The device 10 also optionally includes a suitable fastener, such as a bracket / fastener 24 that firmly secures the degree of enclosing the device 10 around the arm 25. In this form, the device is generally flexible in the direction of enclosing / peeling (ie, generally in the axial cross direction of the forearm 25), but is generally lateral (ie generally parallel to the axis of the forearm 25). Direction) is fixed (or semi-rigid).

As used in this aspect, the interactive screen 22 occupies only a portion of the sheet 12 face, particularly the area on the device 10 that is easily visible to the user when worn on the forearm 25. However, when a larger display area, input surface and / or additional functions are required or the device 10 is desired to be used for a longer time, the user may peel off the device 10 and install the device in a new configuration that is more suitable for this purpose. Manipulate When the device 10 is peeled off the forearm 25, the software driven scaling feature automatically (or manually) activates the active screen 22 of the display sheet 12 in accordance with the degree of wear / unloading of the device 10. Expand or contract).

FIG. 3 shows the device 10 in flexible form in the middle immediately after peeling off the forearm 25 (FIG. 2). The device 10 also shows the form of FIG. 3 just before being worn on the forearm 25. As shown in FIG. 3, the device 10 further includes a band 26, a side support 28, a slot 30, and fasteners 32, 34. Band 26 is secured to seat 12 with fastener 32 and removably secures device 10 around arm 25 or other body part. The side support 28 extends along the forearm 25 from the band 26 to further support the seat 12. The fastener 34 extends between the seat 12 and the support 28, and is able to slide in the slot 30 so that the edge 18 of the seat 12 has a side support 28 and a forearm 25. ) To the side. Of course, other designs may be used that removably secure the device 10 around the arm 25.

In the form shown in Fig. 3, the device 10 can be bent in at least two directions: the longitudinal direction (indicated by arrows A and B) in the wearing / unfolding direction and the flexible / fixed direction (arrow C) which will be described further below. And D). Thus, in any given form the device 10 can be bent in one direction but is generally fixed (or semi-rigid) in the other direction. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the device 10 is bent in the longitudinal peeling / wearing direction but is generally fixed (or semi-rigid) in the lateral direction. In contrast, in the form shown in FIG. 3, the device 10 is generally flexible in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. This bidirectional flexibility makes constant input / output operation, especially touch-input operation, more difficult. However, device 10 nevertheless provides input and output functions and displays text and / or graphics on the screen when it is worn or peeled off. Finally, as shown in the following Figure 4, the device 10 is generally fixed (or semi-rigid) in the longitudinal direction AB, while being generally bent in the lateral direction (until it is fixed with an appropriate fastening mechanism). .

In order to provide the best input / output functionality and / or larger display screen face, the device 10 is from the intermediate bidirectional flexible form of FIG. 3, whereby the device 10 is generally fixed in the longitudinal direction (or semi-rigid). And further manipulated into the generally fixed form shown in FIG. 4 which is generally bent in the transverse direction. To do so, the user bends the device 10 laterally as shown in FIG. 4 to form a downward arc 33 on the side thereby giving a convex shape to the interactive screen 22 of the device 10. do. By the arc 33 the sheet 12 has a radius of curvature 36. The arc 33 imparts significant stiffness along the longitudinal direction to the device 10 to provide a much more stable structure for touchscreen functionality, including input / output operation. In addition to or instead of engaging the slot 30 and fastener 34 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, mechanical stops, bands, pins, hook-and-loop fasteners, and other Equal mechanisms may be used to support the arc shaped device 10.

As shown in FIG. 5, unlike the convex shape of the downward arc 33 and its associated device 10, the sheet 12 is bent into an upward arc 35 so as to display the interactive screen of the device 10. 22) and the seat 12 is convex. This upward arc also allows for a different arrangement for the forearm 25 while also providing a significant rigid form to the device 10.

According to another embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the interactive device 40 includes a seat 42 having ends 42, 44, a side 46, and an interactive screen 48. The device 40 has substantially the same elements as the device 10 previously discussed with respect to FIGS. 1-5. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the device 40 is formed into a permanent tubular shape or is placed in the shape of a tube by forcing the edges 14, 16 of the device 10 together. Such a tubular display may be installed in a suitable groove or may be itself mounted in kiosk-style on a desk 41 or other support.

Thus, for the first time, embodiments of the present invention combine (1) convenient portability and compact elements by flexible wearable form and (2) larger, rigid form options in the same interface device. Generally speaking, by positioning the edges of the device 10 in one or another place, more specifically by securing the edges of the sheet-shaped part forming the device 10 with suitable mechanical or other devices, the flexible interface device Is changed to a fixed (or semi-rigid) interface device. This form, of course, also allows a change from a fixed interface device to a flexible interface device. This form, in turn, allows for a change between two (or more) different fixed interface shapes by manipulating the interface device.

Embodiments of the present invention include various software elements to effectively utilize various types of interface device 10. In addition to the size features described above, the "touchmatch" feature automatically adjusts the touchscreen-layer alignment that occurs when the device 10 is bent in its various forms. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 7, the touch screen interface device 50 (having substantially the same characteristics as the device 10 of Figs. 1-5) of the present invention includes an outer layer 52 and an inner layer ( At least two contact-sensitive layers such as 54). The outer layer 52 includes a visible indicia that is provided for contact with a finger or other contact tool and is usually in the form of a key or icon that is the subject of a finger / pointer contact. The inner layer 54 supports the outer layer 52, provides a set of contact elements 58 associated with the visible indicator 56, and is arranged in more direct connection with appropriate electronic processing elements. When such touchscreen devices are in a planar form (as in most cases, if not all typical touchscreens), the visible display 56 of the outer layer 52 generally has the appropriate contact elements of the underlying layer 54 ( 58) directly aligned.

However, because the device 10 is bent, the inner layer 54 and the outer layer 52 slide against each other and the direct alignment between them is changed, if not inferior. As described above, as the device 50 is bent in the lateral or longitudinal direction, a virtual center of curvature is formed. For example, FIG. 4 shows a virtual center of curvature 37 when the device 10 is bent laterally to give rigidity. In the longitudinally curved form of FIG. 2, the center of curvature (not shown) is in the forearm 23. In either case, the outer layer 52 of a suitable touchscreen is the contact element of the underlying display 54 with the visible display 56 of the outer layer 52 at a greater radial distance from the center of curvature than the inner layer 54. There is a misalignment between (58). Software elements that are readily recognized by those skilled in the art can be automatically compensated for such misalignment.

While misalignment compensation or augmentation features in accordance with the present invention have been described in connection with touchscreen embodiments, the same principles apply and are planned for the use of other layered elements of the interactive device 10, for example display elements.

For minimizing misalignment in the area of the interactive screen 22 of the more heavily used device 10 (FIGS. 1-4) and for better adjustment, a “butterfly” form is provided, as shown in FIGS. 8-9. do. Device 60 having substantially the same features as device 10 includes a screen or other layers 62, 64 with rib 66 and edge fasteners 68. As best seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the rib 66 is sandwiched between the layers 62 and 64 and holds the layers 62 and 64 together in a relatively central position. As further seen in the perspective view of FIG. 9, rib 66 extends longitudinally along device 60. Ribs 66 allow slippage between layers 62 and 64 but slide in a more controlled and predictable manner than in multi-layer touchscreen devices without ribs 66. The outer edges 67 of the layers 62, 64 are selectively connected with one or more fasteners 68 to control the side-by-side sliding of the layers 62, 64 relative to each other. 64 prevents " flapping " of each other. Fastener 68 includes rails, interconnected sliding points, or sliding edges, among the fasteners of that type.

According to one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 10, the interface device 70 is composed of a plurality of square shaped screen layer sections 72 (along with other screen-supporting layers). The sections 72 are preferably connected to one or more pivot points 74 located at the corners of the sections 72 and together form an interactive (or passive) display 76. The sections 72 of the device 70 may be slid relative to each other to increase or decrease the size of the display 76. As shown in FIG. 10, multiple screens or other layers 72 are dense or stacked to minimize the contour of the device 70. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 11, multiple screen sections 72 extend relative to each other to expand display 76. Finally, as shown in FIG. 12, the screens 72 pivotally rotate relative to each other to form the display 76 in a partially overlapping form. When concentrated as shown in FIG. 10, the device 70 is well suited for wearability, portability and intermittent use, while when expanded as shown in FIG. 11, the device 70 can be used, for example, at rest or with greater clarity. It is helpful for applications that require it. Each screen or other layer 72, or group of selected numbers of screens / layers 72, is supplied with its own device driver. The device driver may be written to vary the size, shape, and / or number of screens used as the display 76 depending on the particular use or shape of the device 70.

Likewise, the device 80 of the present invention shown in FIGS. 13-14 is similar to the device 70 of FIGS. 10-12 except that it includes a pie-shaped screen section instead of a square / rectangular screen section 72. It includes substantially the same features. The pie shaped screen sections 82 are secured together by the pivoting mechanism 84 and form the display 86 alone or collectively. As in device 70, pie-shaped screen sections 82 are shown as a whole (side by side) as partially shown in FIG. 14 or the remaining screen sections 82 are below and topmost as shown in FIG. It may also be shown in a stacked form in which only the pie-shaped screen section 82 is shown.

These embodiments (Figs. 10-14) may be used in any number of screens or other layers 72, 82 and various shapes (e.g., pie and square or other shapes mixed) depending on the user's decision. The device driver selects screens 72 and 82 for display, input, or other functions based on each screen portion that is exposed to the user (ie, the screen portion that is not covered by other overlapping screens). The screen or screen portions 72, 82 are preferably selected based on the type of device 10 and / or the user's activity.

Device 10, as well as device 70 and 80, may be configured to be placed on a user's wrist, waistband or hips, neck, thighs, or the like as appropriate. In one example as shown in FIG. 15, the device 80 is banded together with side by side arranged pie shaped screen sections (or other layers) 82 providing a larger integrated pie shaped display 86. 88 is placed around the user's neck 90. This large pie shape is particularly suitable for hanging around the neck because it minimizes the difficult-to-view display 86 area near the neck and maximizes the display 86 area far from the neck. Of course, the pie-shaped sections 82 may be arranged in a stack (only the top section as shown in FIG. 12) for storage or other space minimization purposes.

Similarly, the interactive device of the present invention has screen sections 102 arranged side by side with generally parallel adjacent edges where the interactive device 100 collectively forms the display 104 as shown in FIG. Can be worn on the body in other forms, including). Band 106 secures device 100 to neck 108 or other body part of the user. As shown in FIG. 16, the screen section 102 is in a horseshoe-shaped arrangement around the neck 108. As before, the required software screen driver adjusts the touchscreen, display and input / output functions on the screen section 102.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the interactive device 120 is arranged in a fanfold or foldout form. The device 120 includes a plurality of screen sections 122, the sections being arranged side by side and connected to each other at the edge 124. The device 120 also includes a first side 126 and a second side 128. Screen sections 122 collectively form a display 130 that can be seen on first side 126 and / or opposite side 128.

According to another embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the interactive device 140 of the present invention embodies an interactive device of an umbrella or similar form. Device 140 includes a plurality of pie-shaped screen sections 142 that are fixed relative to center or pivot 144 to collectively form a lid-shaped display 148. Stem 146 extends from the bottom of display 148 and functionally houses the remaining required hardware of device 140. The stem 146 serves to place the device 140 upright in a table, desk, or other suitable structure. The screen or other layers 142 may be flattened at one end of the stem (as shown) or alternatively bent to enhance viewing. The device 140 may use radiated or reflected sound means to produce surround sound effects, for example when multiple devices are used together. The invention contemplates application of large scales including, for example, advertising screens, as well as small scales similar to those described herein.

Since flexible display devices and especially flexible touchscreens are developed for commercial use, embodiments of the present invention are the first to provide the advantages of flexibility (eg portability and comfort) and the advantages of rigidity (eg stability and ease of touch input). Large scale views) make such embodiments particularly suitable for use in a wearable computer environment. The interactive device 10 in various embodiments may be easily visible to the user and may be more readily visible to others in the extended and fixed form. The touch interface is easily coordinated and the entire image is easily seen thanks to the large display size.

As shown in Fig. 19, support components 150 of interface devices 10, 70, 80, etc., such as data processing components and other peripheral devices, which communicate with the apparatus 10, etc., utilize a belt 153. Can be worn on the body 152 in, on, or under the garment. Carol and Janic's patents disclosed above include examples of flexible wearable computers that have particular advantages for this purpose, and are hereby specifically incorporated by reference. RF or other wireless communication may be used to transfer data between the wearable computer or other components on the belt 153 and the interface device (such as 10 or 70, 80, etc.). Of course, wired communication may also be considered.

Since the interface device 10 is flexible, it can be installed together with the flexible battery in which the memory is built. For example, the devices 50, 60 shown in Figs. 7-8 include two or more layers (52, 54 and 62, 64, respectively). One of these layers, such as layer 54 or 64 or an additional layer, may consist of a flexible battery with memory.

As shown in FIG. 20, another embodiment of the interactive device 10 includes a two-way voice communication system having a microphone 164 and a retractable ear bud or plug 166. Makes wear use easier. If the device 10 is worn on a body part, such as the forearm 23, as shown in Figure 2, the microphone 164 of the device 10 will be located near the user's wrist, so that the user is near the user's mouth. Raise the microphone 164 as many times as necessary (ie depending on the microphone's capabilities) so that it can speak to the microphone. Pulling ear bud 166 away from device 10 near the user's ear, the combined microphone / ear bud components are properly positioned to facilitate two-way voice communication.

Embodiments of the invention, such as device 10 shown in FIG. 20, optionally include a CMOS camera 162 with a microphone 164 and flexible earbuds 166 to facilitate two-way video conferencing and communication.

Finally, it is known that flexible motherboards and other flexible devices that are optionally integrated into the device 10 do not have an unlimited flexibility life. The degree of bending sharpness that the device 10 receives in part determines its flexible life. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, embodiments of the present invention optionally include a packaging limiting element, such as a cable or a relatively rigid sheet, disposed between the exposed layers or mother substrate. For example, FIG. 21 shows interactive device 170 with screen layers (or other layers) 172,174 and a cable 176 extending therebetween. Similarly, FIG. 22 illustrates an interactive device 170 having a sheet 178 of relatively hard material, which generally has a durometer value different from the screen layers (or other PC support layers) of the device 10. Shows. Such packaging limiting elements, such as cables 176 or rigid seats 178, can cause unacceptably high bending stresses or sharpening of the operating screen layer or other layers of the device 10. Prevent bending movements.

Although the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, the description is for the purpose of description and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The devices according to the invention can be used with other types of computer devices as well as wearable. Wireless or wired, infrared, optical and other communication schemes are envisioned. Flexible circuits, ribbons or otherwise additional signal- relay components can be used in all embodiments of the present invention. "Signal" means electrical, optical, infrared, RF, or other signals providing power signals, data signals, and other transmissions and / or communications. Various other improvements and modifications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

According to the technical configuration of the present invention, it is possible to provide a display having both structural characteristics of flexibility and rigidity, and changing in size and shape, which exhibits important advantages over the prior art of the human-wearable and mobile display system. .

Claims (7)

Multiple sheets linked together, A visual interface disposed on at least a portion of the plurality of sheets for communication with associated computer elements, Wherein each sheet has a driver that allows a change in the size, shape, number, or combination of screens used in the user interface device. The interface device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sheets partially overlap each other, and a visual interface is disposed in the viewable portion of each sheet. The interface device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sheets are disposed edge to edge and the visual interface is disposed at at least a portion of each sheet. The interface device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sheets are wearable in various structures. A plurality of sheets connected together at pivot points to allow for changes in the size, shape, number or combination of screens used in the user interface device, And a visual interface disposed on at least a portion of the plurality of sheets for communication with associated computer elements. The interface device of claim 5, wherein the plurality of sheets are wearable in various structures. 7. The interface device of claim 6 wherein each seat has a driver.

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