KR100778550B1 - Automobile exhaust gas treatment method and processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a vehicle exhaust gas treatment method and a treatment apparatus which can reduce environmental pollution by completely and efficiently treating the exhaust gas according to the characteristics of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine to the exhaust pipe by a single treatment device. do. Such a vehicle exhaust gas treatment method and a treatment apparatus thereof are exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas treatment apparatus in a vehicle exhaust gas treatment method for decomposing harmful substances in exhaust gas discharged from an engine and introduced into the exhaust gas treatment apparatus. Ultraviolet decomposition step of decomposing and decomposing the harmful substances of the exhaust gas by photochemical reaction while allowing gas to pass through the photocatalyst mesh, and harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas subjected to the ultraviolet decomposition treatment step. Microwave decomposition treatment step of irradiating microwaves and decomposing by oxidation and reduction action, and pyrolysis treatment step of thermally decomposing and thermally decomposing harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas subjected to microwave decomposition treatment step After the discharge is characterized in that The.

Description

TECHNICAL FOR PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GASES AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GASES}

1 is a process chart for explaining a vehicle exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention,

2 is a view showing the technical concept of the vehicle exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

20: exhaust pipe, 100: exhaust gas treatment device,

110: decomposition case, 120: ultraviolet decomposition treatment unit,

122: photocatalyst mesh, 124: ultraviolet light emitter,

130: microwave irradiation unit, 132: microwave irradiation unit,

134: electric booster, 140: high temperature decomposition treatment unit.

The present invention relates to a vehicle exhaust gas treatment method and a treatment apparatus thereof, and more particularly, automobile exhaust which can sequentially decompose harmful substances contained in exhaust gas discharged from an engine to an exhaust pipe in various ways in a single device. A gas treatment method and a treatment apparatus therefor.

In general, the exhaust gas of automobiles contains a large amount of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which act as a main cause of polluting the air environment. Therefore, in the exhaust pipe of the car, CO and HC in the exhaust gas are oxidized into CO₂ and H₂O, and NOx is reduced and converted into N₂ and O₂.

However, since the conventional three-way catalyst can maintain its purification efficiency under the condition that the exhaust gas temperature is above a certain temperature, a separate heater must be installed on the input side of the three-way catalyst, and since the three-way catalyst contains precious metals, the production cost of the product There was a problem of being high.

In the case of treating the exhaust gas by the three-way catalyst method, it is necessary to select a catalyst for each pollutant such as HC, CO, and NOx, and most of the catalysts are expensive and there is a problem that pressure loss occurs during the treatment. There is a problem that the purification efficiency is lowered because the catalyst contamination by hydrocarbon or SOx is not easy to remove.

Accordingly, various apparatuses for the treatment of exhaust gas have been recently developed. As an example, the "exhaust gas purification apparatus for diesel vehicles using microwaves" of Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0451427 has been proposed. According to this, a Pyrex tube and a filter are built in the reactor, and a coil connected to a magnetron for oscillating a high density microwave is wound in the Pyrex tube to perform a resonance action by a high voltage supplied from a power supply. Particles such as dust and soot, which are decomposed into harmless gases by the action, and carbides produced by incomplete combustion, are completely removed by using a dielectric heating principle in the microwave to finally remove water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Only harmless components are allowed to be released into the atmosphere.

In addition, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0188233 discloses that the discharge electrode of the plasma purification device is made of a metal or an alloy having excellent acid resistance, abrasion resistance, and conductivity, and has a long length to greatly increase the purification efficiency of the exhaust gas and extend its life. A "Plasma Exhaust Gas Purification System for Diesel Vehicles" is proposed. In addition, the automobile exhaust gas recombustion apparatus of Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0293565 includes the exhaust gas discharged from the engine by using a heat pipe to remove harmful components of the vehicle exhaust gas without adding combustion heat. By using the temperature without heat loss, the exhaust gas secondary combustion of harmful components removes them close to the complete combustion, and the remaining harmful components with a fine particle size of micro unit are filtered by passing through the tubular filter with the space part and finally discharged. The exhaust gas is proposed a technology that allows only clean air to be harmless to the human body.

However, the prior art as described above is to process the exhaust gas in accordance with the characteristics and functions of the device by using a three-way catalyst, microwave or discharge electrode, etc. in treating the exhaust gas of the vehicle, but each is a separate device is installed at a time Since it is not possible to treat all kinds of harmful gases or fine particles, all of them are limited and their efficiency is limited. Therefore, harmful exhaust gases or fine particles are incompletely treated and released. There was. Accordingly, in order to complete the exhaust gas treatment, each treatment device must be additionally installed, but it is difficult to install due to the structural problems of the automobile, and the exhaust line is too long, which causes adverse effects on the engine output. There was a problem that the installation cost is excessively increased.

The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above to reduce the environmental pollution by completely and efficiently treating the exhaust gas according to the characteristics of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine to the exhaust pipe by a single processing device. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automobile exhaust gas treatment method.

Another object of the present invention is easy to install and does not adversely affect the engine output by being configured to process the exhaust gas in sequence and efficiently completely according to the characteristics of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine to the exhaust pipe by a single treatment device It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle exhaust gas treatment apparatus that can significantly reduce environmental pollution.

According to a feature of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the exhaust gas treatment method of a vehicle for decomposing the harmful substances in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine flowing into the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, the exhaust gas treatment The ultraviolet gas decomposing step for exhaust gas flowing into the apparatus through the photocatalyst mesh and irradiating ultraviolet rays to oxidize harmful substances of the exhaust gas by photochemical reaction and to decompose the exhaust gas to which the ultraviolet gas decomposing step is performed. Microwave cracking treatment step of decomposing and treating residual harmful substances by microwave and oxidation, and pyrolysis treatment of pyrolysis by reheating harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas subjected to microwave decomposition treatment step. To ensure that the steps are performed sequentially and then discharged It features.

According to a feature of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned other object, the present invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for a vehicle installed on the exhaust pipe so that harmful substances in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine is decomposed, the exhaust from the engine A decomposition case into which exhaust gas is introduced; An ultraviolet decomposition processing unit including a photocatalyst mesh installed inside the exhaust gas inlet side of the decomposition case and an ultraviolet light emitter disposed to irradiate ultraviolet rays to the photocatalyst mesh; A microwave irradiation unit installed inside the decomposition case in contact with the ultraviolet decomposition unit and oscillating the microwave to decompose harmful gas; It is installed on the discharge side in contact with the microwave irradiation unit is characterized in that the high-temperature decomposition treatment unit for sequentially pyrolyzing the residual harmful gas by applying high heat to the exhaust gas.

In the vehicle exhaust gas treating apparatus according to the present invention, the ultraviolet decomposition treatment unit is configured such that the photocatalytic mesh and the ultraviolet light emitter are alternately installed repeatedly to perform the photochemical reaction, and the photocatalyst mesh is a mesh having heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) may be coded and constructed.

 In the vehicle exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the ultraviolet light emitting body may be composed of a plurality of UV light emitting diodes installed on the inner surface of the decomposition case corresponding to the photocatalyst mesh.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and like reference numerals refer to like elements in FIGS. 1 and 2. Meanwhile, the drawings and detailed descriptions of configurations, operations, and effects that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art from general technology in each drawing are briefly or omitted, and are illustrated based on parts related to the present invention.

1 is a process chart for explaining a vehicle exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a view showing the technical idea of the vehicle exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the vehicle exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention ultraviolet decomposition process step 12, and microwave decomposition process step 14 of harmful substances in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine flowing into the exhaust gas treatment apparatus And, the pyrolysis treatment step 16 is carried out sequentially.

The ultraviolet decomposition treatment step 12 is a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays to the photocatalyst mesh to oxidize and decompose harmful substances of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust gas treatment apparatus and passes through the photocatalyst mesh by a photochemical reaction to decompose the photocatalyst mesh. The photocatalyst coated on is preferably titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and irradiated with UV-ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of about 254 nm ultraviolet rays applied to the photocatalyst mesh.

When the ultraviolet lamp irradiates light on the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coated photocatalyst mesh through which the exhaust gas flows, electrons and electron holes are formed to form hydroxyl radicals having strong oxidation power (OH). ) And superoxide (O₂-), and the resulting hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide (O₂-) oxidize and decompose organic compounds into harmless water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) Let's go. In other words, by oxidatively decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas into harmless water and carbon dioxide gas, and decomposing organic compounds which are harmful substances.

In addition, the oxidizing power of the hydroxyl radical (OH) has an extremely high oxidation and reduction potential when compared with other oxidizing agents, and thus can effectively decompose NOx, volatile organic compounds and various odorous substances, and various wastewater and hardly decomposable pollutants. It can not only completely remove substances and environmental hormones, but also has excellent sterilizing effect of various pathogens.

The microwave decomposition treatment step 14 is a step of secondaryly decomposing treatment by oxidation and reduction by irradiating microwaves with harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas in which the ultraviolet decomposition treatment step 12 is performed. In the same step 14, when the microwave irradiator oscillates the high-density microwave by the high voltage applied from the electric booster which boosts the low voltage, harmful substances are oxidized and reduced at a temperature around 400 ° C. by the dielectric heating principle. While converting to water, carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas as an example of the reaction looks at the decomposition process of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) as follows. The frequency oscillated by the microwave irradiator is adjusted by irradiation in the range of about 300 MHz to 30 GHz depending on the engine output, the vehicle type, and the fuel used. At this time, the basic voltage applied to the microwave irradiator at a low voltage of 12 V to 24 V. This can be achieved by being boosted to approximately 2000V by this electric booster.

 NO₂ ------> N + + 2O- + e

The ions and radicals reacted and reacted with the chemical formulas above are decomposed into gases which are finally harmless to the human body by the following reactions.

N + + N + ------------> N₂

O- + H + + H + ------> H₂O

C + + O- + E ------> CO₂

CO- + E -------------> CO₂

Hazardous substances remaining by the reaction according to the above formula is secondaryly decomposed and flows to the discharge side of the exhaust gas treatment device so that the thermal decomposition treatment step 16 to be described later is performed in a state changed into harmless gas.

The pyrolysis treatment step (16) is a step of thermally decomposing the harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas subjected to the microwave decomposition treatment step (14) by pyrolysis, and the exhaust gas treated by such a step flows through the exhaust pipe to silencer. Through the atmosphere. In addition, the pyrolysis treatment step 16 may be configured by a heater heated to a constant temperature by, for example, a power supply to be supplied to decompose harmful substances such as harmful gases, dust, and soot by high temperature heat.

On the other hand, the vehicle exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention is a multi-stage process by the ultraviolet decomposition treatment step 12, the microwave decomposition treatment step 14, and the thermal decomposition treatment step 16 by the photocatalyst as described above. Since it is decomposed and then discharged, the emission of harmful substances is significantly reduced, thereby reducing environmental pollution.

Hereinafter, a vehicle exhaust gas treating apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail.

Automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus 100 according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the decomposition case 110 is installed on the exhaust pipe 20 is configured to be discharged from the engine exhaust gas into the atmosphere, and Photocatalytic mesh 122 embedded in the decomposition case 110 and the ultraviolet light emitting unit 120, which is installed to repeatedly irradiate the ultraviolet light to the photocatalyst mesh 122 alternately installed UV decomposition processing unit 120 is configured And a microwave irradiation unit 130 installed inside the decomposition case 110 in contact with the ultraviolet decomposition processing unit 120 to decompose harmful gases by oscillating microwaves, and the discharge side in contact with the microwave irradiation unit 130. The high temperature decomposition treatment unit 140 for decomposing noxious gas remaining by applying high heat to the exhaust gas is built in.

The disassembly case 110 is a case body 112 having an internal space of a predetermined size so that the ultraviolet decomposition processing unit 120, the microwave irradiation unit 130 and the high temperature decomposition processing unit 140 is built-in, and the case body 112 ) Is connected to the exhaust pipe 20 formed on the inlet side of the inlet side and connected to the engine side, and connected to the exhaust pipe 20 formed on the discharge side of the case body 112 and connected to the silencer side. A discharge side connection portion 116 is formed.

In the ultraviolet decomposition processing unit 120, the photocatalyst mesh 122 is formed by encoding titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as a photocatalyst on a plurality of meshes formed of a material having heat resistance corrosion resistance such as aluminum, and the photocatalyst encoded on the mesh It is not limited to the above titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and may be formed of a metal sulfide such as CdS, a metal chalcogenite such as CdSe, or Si, Ga, As, or the like.

The ultraviolet light emitter 124 is composed of various types of ultraviolet lamps (UV-LAMP) that emits ultraviolet rays and irradiates ultraviolet rays to the photocatalyst mesh 124 side to decompose harmful exhaust gases while performing a photochemical reaction. Will be performed. Preferably, the ultraviolet light emitter 124 is composed of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) installed at regular intervals on the inner surface of the decomposition case 110 in contact with the photocatalyst mesh 122 side. The ultraviolet light emitting diodes are formed at approximately 200 nm. It may be configured to have a wavelength range of 400 nm, but in this embodiment it is configured to have a wavelength of 254 nm.

In addition, a preferable installation structure of the ultraviolet decomposition processing unit 120 is, for example, a plurality of photocatalyst mesh 122 is installed inside the case body 112 and the case body 112 such that ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the photocatalyst mesh 122 side. A plurality of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) are inserted and inserted into the inner circumferential surface thereof.

The microwave irradiation unit 130 receives a low voltage of 12 to 24V to be electrically connected to the microwave irradiator 132 and the microwave irradiator 132 to apply a high voltage. An electric boosting device 134 for boosting is configured.

In addition, the microwave irradiator 132 is preferably formed of a magnetron for oscillating a high frequency of 300MHz ~ 30GHz frequency range, the electric booster 134 is preferably configured to boost the low voltage of about 12V to about 1500 ~ 3000V Do.

The high temperature decomposition processing unit 140 is preferably composed of a heater that is heated by a power source supplied according to a predetermined signal, the first and second decomposition process by the ultraviolet decomposition processing unit 120 and the microwave irradiation unit 130 Even in this state, harmful gases or harmful solids such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) that are not decomposed are reheated and thermally decomposed. The heater may be a heater having a coil shape or configured to be heated by a power source that is formed in a structure in which a plurality of exhaust gas moving holes are perforated in a substantially elliptical plate-like member so that the cross-sectional shape of the inner space of the disassembly case is similar. In addition, a temperature sensor (not shown) is configured on the heater to sense and apply the heating temperature of the heater to perform the on / off operation by the controller to always maintain a predetermined high temperature heat is optimal It may be configured to maintain the pyrolysis state.

As described above, the vehicle exhaust gas treatment method and the treatment apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention have been shown in accordance with the above description and the drawings, but this is only an example and the scope does not depart from the spirit of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein.

According to the vehicle exhaust gas treatment method and apparatus therefor according to the present invention, since the exhaust gas is sequentially decomposed in a single treatment apparatus by various decomposition methods, various kinds of harmful gases or harmful substances in the form of fine particles are more and more. Since it can be completely treated, there is an effect that can significantly reduce the environmental pollution due to the improvement of the exhaust gas treatment efficiency.

In addition, according to the automobile exhaust gas treatment method and the treatment apparatus according to the present invention, since the treatment apparatus capable of efficiently decomposing the exhaust gas by various treatment methods is sequentially configured in a single treatment apparatus, the treatment efficiency of the exhaust gas is improved. In order to eliminate the need for a separate additional device, and since the exhaust gas treatment device is a single device having a simple structure, there is an advantage that it can be easily installed and used without adversely affecting the structure or engine output of the vehicle.

Claims (4)

In the exhaust gas treatment method of a vehicle for decomposing harmful substances in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine flowing into the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, An ultraviolet decomposition treatment step of causing the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas treatment device to pass through the photocatalyst mesh and irradiating ultraviolet rays to oxidize and decompose harmful substances of the exhaust gas by photochemical reaction; A microwave decomposition treatment step of decomposing and treating the harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas subjected to the ultraviolet decomposition treatment step by oxidation and reduction by irradiating microwaves; Re-heating the harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas subjected to the microwave decomposition treatment step, the pyrolysis treatment step of the pyrolysis treatment step characterized in that to be discharged after sequentially performed. In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of a vehicle provided on the exhaust pipe so that harmful substances in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine is decomposed, A decomposition case into which exhaust gas discharged from the engine flows; An ultraviolet decomposition treatment unit including a photocatalyst mesh installed inside the exhaust gas inlet side of the decomposition case and an ultraviolet light emitter installed to irradiate ultraviolet rays to the photocatalyst mesh; A microwave irradiation unit installed inside the decomposition case in contact with the ultraviolet decomposition unit and oscillating the microwave to decompose harmful gas; And a high temperature decomposition treatment unit which is installed on the discharge side in contact with the microwave irradiation unit and thermally decomposes harmful gas remaining by applying high heat to the exhaust gas. The method of claim 2, The ultraviolet decomposition treatment unit is configured such that the photocatalytic mesh and the ultraviolet light-emitting body is alternately installed repeatedly to repeat the photochemical reaction, the photocatalyst mesh is composed of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is coded on a mesh having heat resistance and corrosion resistance Automobile exhaust gas treatment device characterized in that. The method of claim 2 or 3, The ultraviolet light emitting body is a vehicle exhaust gas treatment device, characterized in that consisting of a plurality of UV light emitting diodes are installed on the inner surface of the decomposition case corresponding to the photocatalyst mesh.

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