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KR100658059B1 - Twisted nematic liquid crystal display with improved viewing angle - Google Patents

Twisted nematic liquid crystal display with improved viewing angle Download PDF

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KR100658059B1
KR100658059B1 KR1020000036898A KR20000036898A KR100658059B1 KR 100658059 B1 KR100658059 B1 KR 100658059B1 KR 1020000036898 A KR1020000036898 A KR 1020000036898A KR 20000036898 A KR20000036898 A KR 20000036898A KR 100658059 B1 KR100658059 B1 KR 100658059B1
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liquid crystal
electric field
pixel electrode
lower substrate
substrate
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KR20020002661A (en
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임규환
홍승호
이승희
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비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134318—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement having a patterned common electrode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
    • G02F2201/123—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode pixel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/028—Improving the quality of display appearance by changing the viewing angle properties, e.g. widening the viewing angle, adapting the viewing angle to the view direction

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 시야각 특성을 개선시킬 수 있는 TN 액정 표시 장치를 개시한다. 개시된 본 발명은, 서로 대향하도록 배치된 하부 기판 및 상부 기판; 상기 하부 기판 상에 단위 화소 별로 다수개의 영역으로 구분되게 형성된 화소 전극; 상기 화소 전극의 상기 다수개의 영역 중 일부 영역에 상기 하부 기판이 노출되도록 패터닝되어 상기 화소 전극과 공통 전극 사이에 전계 인가시 상기 하부 기판에 수직인 전계와 휘어진 형태의 전계가 동시에 형성되도록 하는 다수개의 슬릿; 상기 화소 전극 상에 형성되며 상기 다수개의 영역 중 일부 영역에 상기 화소 전극을 노출시키는 창이 형성되어 상기 화소 전극과 공통 전극 사이에 전계 인가시 상기 창이 형성된 영역과 형성되지 않은 영역에 각각 세기가 다른 전계가 동시에 형성되도록 하는 패시베이션막; 상기 상부 기판에 형성된 공통 전극; 상기 하부 기판과 상부 기판 사이에 개재되며 수개의 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정층; 상기 하부 기판 및 상부 기판의 내측 표면에 배치되며, 화소 전극 및 공통 전극 사이에 전계가 형성되기 이전 액정층내의 액정 분자를 90°트위스트 되도록 배열시키는 제 1 및 제 2 배향막; 및 상기 하부 기판 뒷면 및 상부 기판 뒷면에 각각 배치되는 제 1 및 제 2 편광판을 포함한다.The present invention discloses a TN liquid crystal display device capable of improving viewing angle characteristics. The present invention discloses a lower substrate and an upper substrate disposed to face each other; A pixel electrode formed on the lower substrate to be divided into a plurality of regions for each unit pixel; The lower substrate is patterned to expose a portion of the plurality of regions of the pixel electrode so that an electric field perpendicular to the lower substrate and a curved electric field are simultaneously formed when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Slit; A window formed on the pixel electrode and exposing the pixel electrode in a portion of the plurality of regions, and having an electric field having a different intensity in each of the region where the window is formed and an unformed region when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; A passivation film for simultaneously forming; A common electrode formed on the upper substrate ; A liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate and including several liquid crystal molecules; First and second alignment layers disposed on inner surfaces of the lower substrate and the upper substrate, and arranged to twist the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by 90 ° before an electric field is formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; And first and second polarizing plates disposed on the lower substrate rear surface and the upper substrate rear surface, respectively.

Description

시야각이 개선된 트위스트 네마틱 액정 표시 장치{TWISTED NEMATIC LCD IMPROVED VIEWING ANGLE}Twist nematic liquid crystal display with improved viewing angle {TWISTED NEMATIC LCD IMPROVED VIEWING ANGLE}

도 1은 종래의 트위스트 네마틱 액정 표시 장치의 분해사시도.1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional twisted nematic liquid crystal display device.

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 TN 모드 액정 표시 장치의 분해사시도.2 is an exploded perspective view of a TN mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention;

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 패시베이션막의 평면도. 3 is a plan view of a passivation film according to the present invention.

도 4는 도 2의 Ⅳ-Ⅳ'선을 따라 절단하여 나타낸 단면도.4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV 'of FIG.

(도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명)(Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawing)

50 - 하부 기판 51 - 화소 전극50-lower substrate 51-pixel electrode

54 - 패시베이션막 55,65 - 편광판54-passivation film 55,65-polarizer

60 - 상부 기판 61 - 공통 전극60-upper substrate 61-common electrode

70 - 액정 분자70-liquid crystal molecules

본 발명은 액정 표시 장치에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는, 시야각이 개선된 트위스트 네마틱 액정 표시 장치(twisted-nematic:TN)에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly, to a twisted-nematic liquid crystal display (TN) having an improved viewing angle.

일반적으로 액정 표시 장치는 한 쌍의 투광성 기판 사이에 액정 분자를 배향 하여 개재시킨 것으로, 액정 분자의 배향 상태를 전기적으로 제어하는 빛이 투광 또는 차단되어 화상 표시를 행한다. 이러한 액정 표시 장치는 전자식 탁상 계산기나, 디지탈 시계등의 표시수단으로서 폭 넓게 실용화됨과 더불어, 오늘날 랩탑 컴퓨터, 텔레비젼 수상기 및 워드 프로세서등의 표시 수단으로 급속하게 보급되고 있다. Generally, a liquid crystal display device interposes liquid crystal molecules between a pair of light-transmissive substrates and interposes the light to electrically control the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules. Such liquid crystal displays are widely used as display means for electronic desk calculators and digital clocks, and are rapidly being widely used as display means for laptop computers, television receivers, and word processors.

여기서, 종래의 액정 표시 장치는 광학 특성이 우수하고, 흑백 표시가 선명하며, 응답 특성이 우수한 TN 모드가 많이 이용된다. 이 TN 모드의 액정 표시 장치는, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 대향하는 상하 기판(10,20)과, 하부 기판의 내측면에 배치되는 화소 전극(11)과, 상부 기판 내측면에 배치되는 공통 전극(21), 상하 기판 대향면 표면에 각각 배치된 배향막(도시되지 않음), 상하 기판(10,20)의 대향면 외측면 각각에 편광판(15,25) 및 상하 기판(10,20) 사이에 개재되며, 수개의 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정층(30)을 포함한다. Here, the conventional liquid crystal display device uses many TN modes that are excellent in optical characteristics, have clear black and white display, and have excellent response characteristics. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display of the TN mode is disposed on opposing upper and lower substrates 10 and 20, a pixel electrode 11 disposed on an inner side surface of a lower substrate, and an inner side surface of an upper substrate. The polarizing plates 15 and 25 and the upper and lower substrates 10 and 20 are respectively disposed on the common electrode 21, the alignment film (not shown) disposed on the upper and lower substrate opposing surfaces, and the outer outer surfaces of the upper and lower substrates 10 and 20, respectively. Interposed therebetween, the liquid crystal layer 30 including several liquid crystal molecules is included.

배향막(도시되지 않음)은 수평 배향막이되, 러빙축(12a,12b)이 90도 크로스되어 있으며, 상하 편광판 또한 편광축(15a,25a)이 서로 크로스 되는 방향으로 부착된다. 즉, 하부 배향막의 러빙축(12a)과 하부 편광판의 편광축(15a)이 동일한 방향으로 부착되고, 상부 배향막의 러빙축(12b)과 상부 편광판의 편광축(25a)은 동일한 방향으로 부착된다. 아울러, 화소 전극(11) 및 공통 전극(21)은 플레이트 형태로 형성된다. The alignment film (not shown) is a horizontal alignment film, and the rubbing axes 12a and 12b are crossed by 90 degrees, and the upper and lower polarizers are also attached in the direction in which the polarization axes 15a and 25a cross each other. That is, the rubbing axis 12a of the lower alignment layer and the polarization axis 15a of the lower polarizing plate are attached in the same direction, and the rubbing axis 12b of the upper alignment layer and the polarization axis 25a of the upper polarizing plate are attached in the same direction. In addition, the pixel electrode 11 and the common electrode 21 are formed in a plate shape.

화소 전극(11)과 공통 전극(21) 사이에 전계가 인가되기 전, 액정 분자(30a)들은 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 상하 배향막과 카이랄 도펀트의 영향으로 좌선성으 로 90도 트위스트 배열된다. 따라서, 하부 편광판(15)을 통과한 빛은 좌선성으로 트위스트된 액정 분자(30a)를 통과하여, 상부 편광판(25)을 통과하게 된다. 이에따라, 화면은 화이트 상태가 된다. Before the electric field is applied between the pixel electrode 11 and the common electrode 21, the liquid crystal molecules 30a are twisted 90 degrees in a left-line direction under the influence of the vertical alignment layer and the chiral dopant, as shown in FIG. 1. . Therefore, the light passing through the lower polarizer 15 passes through the liquid crystal molecules 30a twisted in a left linear manner, and passes through the upper polarizer 25. As a result, the screen becomes white.

한편, 화소 전극(11)과 공통 전극(21) 사이에 전계가 인가되면, 액정 분자(30a)들이 도면에는 제시되지 않았지만. 구동 전극들 사이에 형성되는 전계(기판과 수직으로 형성됨)와 평행하게 배열된다. 이에따라, 하부 편광판(15)을 통과한 빛은 액정 분자(30a)의 장축이 기판 표면과 수직으로 배열된 관계로, 크로스된 상부 편광판을 통과하지 못한다. 따라서, 화면은 다크 상태가 된다.On the other hand, when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode 11 and the common electrode 21, the liquid crystal molecules 30a are not shown in the figure. It is arranged in parallel with an electric field (formed perpendicular to the substrate) formed between the drive electrodes. Accordingly, the light passing through the lower polarizer 15 does not pass through the crossed upper polarizer because the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 30a is vertically aligned with the substrate surface. Thus, the screen is dark.

그러나, 상기와 같은 TN 액정 표시 장치는 상하 기판 사이에 개재되는 액정 분자의 형태가 봉(棒) 형상임에 따라, 화면을 바라보는 방향에 대하여, 굴절율 이방성값이 서로 상이하게 된다. 이로 인하여, 시야각 특성이 매우 낮다. However, in the TN liquid crystal display device as described above, since the shape of the liquid crystal molecules interposed between the upper and lower substrates is different from each other, the refractive index anisotropy values are different from each other in the direction of looking at the screen. For this reason, the viewing angle characteristic is very low.

따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 전술한 종래의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 시야각 특성을 개선시킬 수 있는 TN 액정 표시 장치를 제공하는 것이다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and to provide a TN liquid crystal display device capable of improving viewing angle characteristics.

상기한 본 발명의 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 시야각 특성을 개선시킬 수 있는 TN 액정 표시 장치는 서로 대향하도록 배치된 하부 기판 및 상부 기판; 상기 하부 기판 상에 단위 화소 별로 다수개의 영역으로 구분되게 형성된 화소 전극; 상기 화소 전극의 상기 다수개의 영역 중 일부 영역에 상기 하부 기판이 노출되도록 패터닝되어 상기 화소 전극과 공통 전극 사이에 전계 인가시 상기 하부 기판에 수직인 전계와 휘어진 형태의 전계가 동시에 형성되도록 하는 다수개의 슬릿; 상기 화소 전극 상에 형성되며 상기 다수개의 영역 중 일부 영역에 상기 화소 전극을 노출시키는 창이 형성되어 상기 화소 전극과 공통 전극 사이에 전계 인가시 상기 창이 형성된 영역과 형성되지 않은 영역에 각각 세기가 다른 전계가 동시에 형성되도록 하는 패시베이션막; 상기 상부 기판에 형성된 공통 전극; 상기 하부 기판과 상부 기판 사이에 개재되며 수개의 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정층; 상기 하부 기판 및 상부 기판의 내측 표면에 배치되며, 화소 전극 및 공통 전극 사이에 전계가 형성되기 이전 액정층내의 액정 분자를 90°트위스트 되도록 배열시키는 제 1 및 제 2 배향막; 및 상기 하부 기판 뒷면 및 상부 기판 뒷면에 각각 배치되는 제 1 및 제 2 편광판을 포함한다.In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the TN liquid crystal display device capable of improving the viewing angle characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate disposed to face each other; A pixel electrode formed on the lower substrate to be divided into a plurality of regions for each unit pixel; The lower substrate is patterned to expose a portion of the plurality of regions of the pixel electrode so that an electric field perpendicular to the lower substrate and a curved electric field are simultaneously formed when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Slit; A window formed on the pixel electrode and exposing the pixel electrode in a portion of the plurality of regions, and having an electric field having a different intensity in each of the region where the window is formed and an unformed region when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; A passivation film for simultaneously forming; A common electrode formed on the upper substrate ; A liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate and including several liquid crystal molecules; First and second alignment layers disposed on inner surfaces of the lower substrate and the upper substrate, and arranged to twist the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by 90 ° before an electric field is formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; And first and second polarizing plates disposed on the lower substrate rear surface and the upper substrate rear surface, respectively.

(실시예)(Example)

이하 첨부한 도면에 의거하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 자세히 설명하도록 한다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

첨부한 도면 도 2는 본 발명에 따른 TN 모드 액정 표시 장치의 분해사시도이고, 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 패시베이션막의 평면도이다. 또한, 도 4는 도 2의 Ⅳ-Ⅳ'선을 따라 절단하여 나타낸 단면도이다. 여기서, 본 도면들은 다수개의 화소들중 어느 하나의 화소만을 나타낸다.2 is an exploded perspective view of a TN mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of a passivation film according to the present invention. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV 'of FIG. 2. Here, the drawings show only one of the plurality of pixels.

도 2를 참조하여, 본 발명에 따른 TN 모드 액정 표시 장치를 설명하면, 화소 전극(51)을 포함하는 하부 기판(50)과 상대 전극(61)을 포함하는 상부 기판(60)이 소정 거리를 두고 대향된다. 이때, 상하부 기판(50,60)간의 거리를 셀갭이라 한다. 여기서, 공통 전극(61)은 플레이트 형태로 형성되고, 화소 전극(51)의 소정 부분에 다수의 슬릿(510)이 배치된다. 예를들어, 본 실시예에서는 화소 전극(51)을 4등분즉, 제 1 내지 제 4 영역(51A, 51B, 51C, 51D)으로 분할한 후, 그중 선택되는 2 부분, 예를들어,제 1 및 제 4 영역(51A,51D)에 등간격으로 배열된 수개의 슬릿(510)을 배치한다. 여기서, 화소 전극(51)의 소정 영역에 슬릿(510)을 형성하는 것은 단 위 화소에 기판 표면에 대하여 수직인 전계와, 슬릿(510)에 의하여 왜곡된 전계를 동시에 발생시키기 위함이다. 이때, 하나의 화소 전극(51)에 형성되는 슬릿(510)의 장축은 평행하거나 또는 수직으로 배치될 수 있다. 또한, 화소 전극(51)이 형성된 하부 기판(50) 단위 화소내에 서로 다른 세기를 갖는 전계를 형성하기 위하여, 상부에는 패시베이션막이 형성된다. 이때, 패시베이션막(54)은 도 3에 도시된 바와 같이, 화소 전극(51)과 마찬가지로 4개의 영역으로 분할된후, 4개의 영역중 적어도 한 영역 이상에 개구부(H)를 설치한다. 이와같이, 패시베이션막(54)에 개구부를 형성하면, 개구부가 형성된 영역과 그렇지 않은 영역간에 전계 세기의 차가 발생된다. 본 실시예에서는 예를들어, 슬릿(510)이 형성된 영역에 패시베이션막(54)의 개구부(H)가 위치하도록 한다. Referring to FIG. 2, when the TN mode liquid crystal display according to the present invention is described, the lower substrate 50 including the pixel electrode 51 and the upper substrate 60 including the counter electrode 61 may have a predetermined distance. Left opposite. In this case, the distance between the upper and lower substrates 50 and 60 is called a cell gap. Here, the common electrode 61 is formed in a plate shape, and a plurality of slits 510 are disposed in a predetermined portion of the pixel electrode 51. For example, in the present exemplary embodiment, the pixel electrode 51 is divided into four portions, that is, the first to fourth regions 51A, 51B, 51C, and 51D, and two selected portions thereof, for example, the first And several slits 510 arranged at equal intervals in the fourth regions 51A and 51D. The slit 510 is formed in a predetermined region of the pixel electrode 51 in order to simultaneously generate an electric field perpendicular to the substrate surface and an electric field distorted by the slit 510 in the unit pixel. In this case, the long axis of the slit 510 formed in one pixel electrode 51 may be arranged in parallel or vertically. In addition, in order to form electric fields having different intensities in the unit pixels of the lower substrate 50 on which the pixel electrodes 51 are formed, a passivation film is formed on the upper portion. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the passivation film 54 is divided into four regions like the pixel electrode 51, and then the opening H is provided in at least one of the four regions. In this way, when an opening is formed in the passivation film 54, a difference in electric field strength is generated between the region where the opening is formed and the region where the opening is not formed. In the present embodiment, for example, the opening H of the passivation film 54 is positioned in the region where the slit 510 is formed.

하부 기판(50)의 표면과 상부 기판(60)의 표면에는 초기 액정 분자의 배열 상태를 결정하는 배향막(도시되지 않음)이 형성되어 있다. 이때, 배향막은 프리틸트(pretilt)각이 5도 이하인 수평 배향막으로, 두 배향막은 그 러빙축(R1,R2)이 서로 수직을 이루도록 러빙된다. An alignment film (not shown) is formed on the surface of the lower substrate 50 and the surface of the upper substrate 60 to determine the arrangement state of the initial liquid crystal molecules. At this time, the alignment layer is a horizontal alignment layer having a pretilt angle of 5 degrees or less, and the two alignment layers are rubbed so that their rubbing axes R1 and R2 are perpendicular to each other.

상하 기판(50,60)의 배향막 사이에는 수개의 액정 분자(70a)를 갖는 액정층(70)이 개재된다. 이때, 액정층(70)의 액정 분자(70a)은 유전율 이방성(Δε)이 양인 물질을 사용한다. The liquid crystal layer 70 having several liquid crystal molecules 70a is interposed between the alignment layers of the upper and lower substrates 50 and 60. In this case, the liquid crystal molecules 70a of the liquid crystal layer 70 use a material having a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε.

하부 기판(50)의 뒷면과 상부 기판(60) 뒷면에는 제 1 편광판(55)과 제 2 편광판(65)이 배치된다. 이들 편광판(55,65)은 소정 방향의 편광축(55a,65a)을 포함하고, 제 1 편광판(55)의 편광축(55a)과 제 2 편광판(65)의 편광축(25a)은 서로 교 차하도록 배치된다.The first polarizer 55 and the second polarizer 65 are disposed on the rear surface of the lower substrate 50 and the rear surface of the upper substrate 60. These polarizing plates 55 and 65 include polarization axes 55a and 65a in a predetermined direction, and the polarization axes 55a of the first polarizing plate 55 and the polarization axes 25a of the second polarizing plate 65 intersect each other. do.

이러한 구성을 갖는 본 발명의 TN 액정 표시 장치는 다음과 같이 동작된다.The TN liquid crystal display device of the present invention having such a configuration is operated as follows.

먼저, 화소 전극(51)과 공통 전극(61) 사이에 전계가 형성되지 않을 경우, 액정 분자(70a)들의 수평 배향막의 러빙 상태로 배열된다. 즉, 배향막이 90도의 각을 이루며 러빙되어 있으므로, 액정 분자(70a)들은 장축이 기판면과 평행을 이루면서 90° 꼬임을 가지고 배열된다. 이때, 제 1 및 제 2 편광판(55,65)은 그 편광축이 서로 교차되도록 배치되었므로, 하부 기판(10) 저면으로부터 인가되는 빛은 하부 편광판(55)과 액정층(30) 및 상부 편광판(65)을 통과하여, 화면은 화이트가 된다.First, when no electric field is formed between the pixel electrode 51 and the common electrode 61, the liquid crystal molecules 70a are arranged in a rubbing state of the horizontal alignment layer. That is, since the alignment film is rubbed at an angle of 90 degrees, the liquid crystal molecules 70a are arranged with a 90 ° twist while the major axis is parallel to the substrate surface. In this case, since the polarization axes of the first and second polarizers 55 and 65 are disposed to cross each other, the light applied from the bottom surface of the lower substrate 10 is transferred to the lower polarizer 55, the liquid crystal layer 30, and the upper polarizer ( Passing 65), the screen becomes white.

한편, 화소 전극(51)과 공통 전극(61) 사이에 소정의 전압차가 발생되면, 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이, 슬릿(510)이 형성된 부분에는 슬릿(510)에 의하여 양측으로 왜곡된 휘어진 전계(E1)가 형성되고, 슬릿(510)이 없는 부분에는 기판(50)면에 대하여 수직인 전계(E2)가 형성된다. 여기서, 휘어진 전계(E1)가 형성되는 부분은 수직 전계(E2)가 형성되는 부분과 달리 패시베이션막(54)이 배치되어 있지 않으므로, 휘어진 전계(E1)가 수직 전계(E2)보다 그 세기가 더 크다. 이와같이 하나의 화소내에 휘어진 전계(E1) 및 수직 전계(E2)가 동시에 형성되면, 액정 분자들(70a)도 전계와 그의 장축이 평행하게 배치된다. 이에따라, 슬릿(510)이 형성된 부분과 그렇지 않은 부분에서 액정 분자들(70a)이 대칭을 이루도록 배열되어, 액정 분자(70a)의 굴절율 이방성이 보상된다. 따라서, 시야각 특성이 개선된다. Meanwhile, when a predetermined voltage difference is generated between the pixel electrode 51 and the common electrode 61, as shown in FIG. 4, the bent electric field distorted to both sides by the slit 510 is formed in the portion where the slit 510 is formed. An E1 is formed, and an electric field E2 perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 50 is formed in a portion where the slit 510 is not present. Here, since the passivation film 54 is not disposed in the portion where the curved electric field E1 is formed, unlike the portion in which the vertical electric field E2 is formed, the curved electric field E1 has a higher intensity than the vertical electric field E2. Big. As such, when the curved electric field E1 and the vertical electric field E2 are simultaneously formed in one pixel, the liquid crystal molecules 70a are also arranged such that the electric field and the long axis thereof are parallel to each other. Accordingly, the liquid crystal molecules 70a are arranged to be symmetrical at portions where the slit 510 is formed and portions where the slits 510 are not formed, thereby compensating for refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules 70a. Thus, the viewing angle characteristic is improved.

이상에서 자세히 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 의하면, TN 액정 표시 장치에 있어서, 화소 전극의 소정 부분에 슬릿을 배치하고, 패시베이션막의 소정 부분을 개구시켜서, 하나의 화소내에 대칭적으로 휘어진 형태의 전계와 기판면에 수직인 전계 및 세기가 상이한 전계를 동시에 형성되도록 한다. 이에따라, 액정 분자들이 전계의 형태에 의하여 대칭적으로 배치되어, 시야각 특성이 개선된다.  As described in detail above, according to the present invention, in the TN liquid crystal display device, a slit is disposed in a predetermined portion of the pixel electrode, a predetermined portion of the passivation film is opened, and an electric field having a symmetrically curved electric field in one pixel; The electric field perpendicular to the substrate surface and the electric field having different intensities are simultaneously formed. Accordingly, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged symmetrically by the shape of the electric field, so that the viewing angle characteristic is improved.

기타, 본 발명은 그 요지를 일탈하지 않는 범위에서 다양하게 변경하여 실시할 수 있다. In addition, this invention can be implemented in various changes within the range which does not deviate from the summary.

Claims (3)

서로 대향하도록 배치된 하부 기판 및 상부 기판;A lower substrate and an upper substrate disposed to face each other; 상기 하부 기판 상에 단위 화소 별로 다수개의 영역으로 구분되게 형성된 화소 전극;A pixel electrode formed on the lower substrate to be divided into a plurality of regions for each unit pixel; 상기 화소 전극의 상기 다수개의 영역 중 일부 영역에 상기 하부 기판이 노출되도록 패터닝되어 상기 화소 전극과 공통 전극 사이에 전계 인가시 상기 하부 기판에 수직인 전계와 휘어진 형태의 전계가 동시에 형성되도록 하는 다수개의 슬릿;The lower substrate is patterned to expose a portion of the plurality of regions of the pixel electrode so that an electric field perpendicular to the lower substrate and a curved electric field are simultaneously formed when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Slit; 상기 화소 전극 상에 형성되며 상기 다수개의 영역 중 일부 영역에 상기 화소 전극을 노출시키는 창이 형성되어 상기 화소 전극과 공통 전극 사이에 전계 인가시 상기 창이 형성된 영역과 형성되지 않은 영역에 각각 세기가 다른 전계가 동시에 형성되도록 하는 패시베이션막;A window formed on the pixel electrode and exposing the pixel electrode in a portion of the plurality of regions, and having an electric field having a different intensity in each of the region where the window is formed and an unformed region when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; A passivation film for simultaneously forming; 상기 상부 기판에 형성된 공통 전극;A common electrode formed on the upper substrate; 상기 하부 기판과 상부 기판 사이에 개재되며 수개의 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정층; A liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate and including several liquid crystal molecules; 상기 하부 기판 및 상부 기판의 내측 표면에 배치되며, 화소 전극 및 공통 전극 사이에 전계가 형성되기 이전 액정층내의 액정 분자를 90°트위스트 되도록 배열시키는 제 1 및 제 2 배향막; 및 First and second alignment layers disposed on inner surfaces of the lower substrate and the upper substrate, and arranged to twist the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by 90 ° before an electric field is formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; And 상기 하부 기판 뒷면 및 상부 기판 뒷면에 각각 배치되는 제 1 및 제 2 편광판을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시야각이 개선된 TN 액정 표시 장치.And a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate disposed on a lower surface of the lower substrate and a rear surface of the upper substrate, respectively. 삭제delete 삭제delete
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