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KR100638794B1 - Relay device to establish a link wirelessly - Google Patents

Relay device to establish a link wirelessly Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100638794B1
KR100638794B1 KR1019990027866A KR19990027866A KR100638794B1 KR 100638794 B1 KR100638794 B1 KR 100638794B1 KR 1019990027866 A KR1019990027866 A KR 1019990027866A KR 19990027866 A KR19990027866 A KR 19990027866A KR 100638794 B1 KR100638794 B1 KR 100638794B1
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station
signal
optical
radio frequency
frequency signal
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KR20010009485A (en
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양영천
고영주
이우진
이영백
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에스케이 텔레콤주식회사
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D49/00—Details or constructional features not specially adapted for looms of a particular type
    • D03D49/04—Control of the tension in warp or cloth
    • D03D49/12—Controlling warp tension by means other than let-off mechanisms
    • D03D49/14—Compensating for tension differences during shedding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • D03D47/28—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms wherein the weft itself is projected into the shed
    • D03D47/30—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms wherein the weft itself is projected into the shed by gas jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • D03D47/28—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms wherein the weft itself is projected into the shed
    • D03D47/32—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms wherein the weft itself is projected into the shed by liquid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03J—AUXILIARY WEAVING APPARATUS; WEAVERS' TOOLS; SHUTTLES
    • D03J1/00—Auxiliary apparatus combined with or associated with looms
    • D03J1/02—Auxiliary apparatus combined with or associated with looms for treating warp, e.g. cleaning, moistening

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

1. 청구범위에 기재된 발명이 속하는 기술분야1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

본 발명은 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치에 관한 것임. The present invention relates to a relay apparatus for configuring a link wirelessly.

2. 발명이 해결하고자하는 과제2. The problem to be solved by the invention

본 발명은 모국을 무선통신 기지국내에 설치하지 않고 무선통신 기지국의 전파 서비스권내에서 무선으로 링크를 구성하여 서비스를 제공하고 광선로 구간을 단축할 수 있는 중계 장치를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a relay apparatus capable of providing a service and shortening a light path section by establishing a link wirelessly within a radio service area of a wireless communication base station without installing a mother station in a wireless communication base station.

3. 발명의 해결방법의 요지3. Summary of Solution to Invention

본 발명은, 이동통신 시스템에 있어 기지국과 음영 지역 내에 위치한 단말기간의 신호를 중계하는 옥외 장치에 있어서, 상기 기지국으로부터 안테나를 통해 수신받은 무선신호를 광신호로 변환하여 광선로를 통해 자신[모국]에게 연결된 자국으로 전달하고, 이 자국으로부터 광선로를 통해 수신받은 광신호를 무선신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 상기 기지국으로 전달하는 모국; 및 상기 모국으로부터 광선로를 통해 수신받은 광신호를 무선신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 해당 단말기측으로 전달하고, 이 단말기측으로부터 안테나를 통해 수신받은 무선신호를 광신호로 변환하여 광선로를 통해 자신[자국]에게 연결된 모국으로 전달하는 상기 자국을 포함하며, 상기 모국과 상기 자국간에 있어 1:1 연결 구조로서 단말기에 관한 무선 링크를 구성하되, 광파장분할방식을 이용해 하나의 광선로를 통해, 다운링크[기지국=>모국=>자국=>단말기로의 신호 경로] 및 업링크[단말기=>자국=>모국=>기지국으로의 신호 경로]를 구성하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention is an outdoor device for relaying a signal between a base station and a terminal located in a shaded area in a mobile communication system, wherein the radio signal received through the antenna from the base station is converted into an optical signal and transmitted to the self [home country] through an optical path. A mother station which transmits to the connected station and converts the optical signal received through the optical path from the station into a radio signal and transmits the signal to the base station through an antenna; And converts the optical signal received through the optical path from the mother station into a wireless signal, and transmits the optical signal to the terminal through the antenna, and converts the wireless signal received from the terminal through the antenna into the optical signal and converts the optical signal into the optical signal through the optical path. The base station includes a mobile station for transmitting to a mother station connected to the mobile station, and configures a wireless link about a terminal as a 1: 1 connection structure between the mother station and the local station, through a single optical path using an optical wavelength division method, and downlink [base station = And a uplink (terminal => station => home station => signal path to base station] and uplink (terminal => local station => terminal).

4. 발명의 중요한 용도4. Important uses of the invention

본 발명은 무선통신 시스템에 이용됨.The present invention is used in a wireless communication system.

무선통신 시스템, 무선통신 기지국, 모국, 자국, 중계 장치 Wireless communication system, wireless communication base station, home station, local station, relay device

Description

무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치{REPEATER COMPOSING LINK BY WIRELESS} Relay device that configures the link wirelessly {REPEATER COMPOSING LINK BY WIRELESS}             

도 1은 종래의 유선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 설명 예시도. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Explanatory drawing of the relay apparatus which comprises the link by the conventional wire | wire.

도 2는 종래의 유선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 구성도. 2 is a block diagram of a relay apparatus that forms a link by a conventional wire.

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 설명 예시도.3 is an explanatory diagram of a relay apparatus constituting a link wirelessly according to the present invention.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 일실시예 구성도.Figure 4 is a configuration diagram of one embodiment of a relay apparatus for configuring a link wirelessly according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

410: 모국 411, 442: 듀플렉서410: Motherland 411, 442: duplexer

413, 415, 419, 447, 449: 저잡음증폭부 440: 자국413, 415, 419, 447, 449: low noise amplifier 440: marks

414, 418, 445, 448: 대역통과필터 444: 구동증폭부414, 418, 445, 448: band pass filter 444: driving amplifier

412, 450: 전/광 변환부 417, 443: 광/전 변환부412 and 450: pre / optical conversion unit 417 and 443: pre / optic conversion unit

420, 446: 대전력증폭부 420, 446: large power amplifier

본 발명은 무선통신 시스템에서의 중계 장치에 관한 것으로서, 특히 무선통신 기지국과 모국(Doner) 사이를 무선으로 연동할 수 있는 중계 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a relay apparatus in a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a relay apparatus capable of wirelessly interworking between a wireless communication base station and a donor.

도 1은 종래의 유선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 설명 예시도로서, 무선통신 기지국과 모국은 유선으로 연결되고, 모국과 자국은 광케이블로 연결된다.1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relay apparatus that configures a link by a conventional wire, wherein a wireless communication base station and a mother station are connected by a wire, and a mother station and a local station are connected by an optical cable.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같은 종래의 중계 장치는, 전파 도달이 어렵거나 전파 음영지역 발생시 이를 해소하기 위한 장치이다.The conventional relay device as shown in FIG. 1 is a device for solving this problem when it is difficult to reach radio waves or when a radio wave shadow area occurs.

즉, 모국은 인근 무선통신 기지국으로부터 유선을 통해 전달되는 무선주파수(RF : Radio Frequency) 신호를 광신호로 변환한 후, 광케이블을 통해 자국으로 전송한다.That is, the mother station converts a radio frequency (RF) signal transmitted from a nearby wireless communication base station through a wire into an optical signal, and then transmits it to the local station through the optical cable.

그리고, 자국은 광케이블을 통해 전달되는 광신호를 다시 무선주파수 신호로 변환시켜 안테나를 통해 방사하므로써, 전파 불감지역을 해소하는 장비이다.And, it is a device that eliminates the radio dead zone by converting the optical signal transmitted through the optical cable back to the radio frequency signal and radiated through the antenna.

도 2는 종래의 유선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 구성도로서, 유선을 통해 무선통신 기지국(210)과 송수신을 수행하는 모국(220), 그리고 광케이블을 통해 모국(220)과 송수신을 수행하고 안테나를 통해 단말기와 송수신을 수행하는 자국(230)으로 구성된다.2 is a configuration diagram of a relay apparatus for configuring a link using a conventional wire, which is a base station 220 that transmits and receives a wireless communication base station 210 through a wire, and performs transmission and reception with a base station 220 through an optical cable. It is composed of a station 230 for transmitting and receiving with the terminal through the antenna.

여기서, 무선통신 기지국(210)내에 설치되는 모국(220)은 무선통신 기지국(210)내의 상향변환부의 출력단과 하향변환부의 입력단에 연결되어, 수신시 상기 상향변환부에 의해 상향변환된 무선주파수신호를 입력받고, 송신시 상기 하향 변환부의 입력단으로 전기적신호로 변환시킨 무선주파수신호를 송출한다.Here, the mother station 220 installed in the wireless communication base station 210 is connected to the output terminal of the up-conversion unit and the input terminal of the down-conversion unit in the wireless communication base station 210, the radio frequency signal up-converted by the up-conversion unit when received. Receives a signal, and transmits a radio frequency signal converted into an electrical signal to an input terminal of the down converter.

모국(210)은, 무선통신 기지국(210)로부터 전달되는 전기적신호인 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하는 전/광 변환부(221)와, 광케이블을 통해 자국(230)에 연결되고 송수신되는 광신호의 파장을 분할하는 파장분할부(222)와, 파장분할부(222)를 통해 전달되는 광신호를 전기적신호로 변환하여 무선통신 기지국(210)으로 전달하는 광/전 변환부(223)로 이루어진다.The mother station 210 is a pre / optical converting unit 221 for converting a radio frequency signal, which is an electrical signal transmitted from the radio communication base station 210, into an optical signal, and an optical fiber connected to and transmitted to and received from the local station 230 through an optical cable. A wavelength splitter 222 for dividing the wavelength of the signal, and an optical / electric converter 223 for converting an optical signal transmitted through the wavelength splitter 222 into an electrical signal and transmitting it to the wireless communication base station 210. Is done.

자국(230)은, 광케이블을 통해 모국(220)에 연결되고 송수신되는 신호의 파장을 분할하는 파장분할부(231)와, 파장분할부(231)를 통해 전달되는 광신호를 전기적신호인 무선주파수신호로 변환하는 광/전 변환부(232)와, 광/전 변환부(232)로부터 전달되는 무선주파수신호의 전력을 증폭하는 전력증폭부(233)와, 전력증폭부(233)를 통해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 안테나로 전달하고 안테나를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 접속하여 주는 듀플렉서(Duplexer)(234)와, 듀플렉서(234)를 통해 접속되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭하는 저잡음증폭부(235)와, 저잡음증폭부(235)로부터 전달되는 전기적신호인 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 파장분할부(231)로 전달하는 전/광변환부(236)로 구성된다.The local station 230 is a wavelength division unit 231 for dividing the wavelength of the signal transmitted and received connected to the mother station 220 through an optical cable, and the radio frequency as an electrical signal for the optical signal transmitted through the wavelength division unit 231. The optical / electric converter 232 for converting the signal, the power amplifier 233 for amplifying the power of the radio frequency signal transmitted from the optical / electric converter 232, and the amplification through the power amplifier 233 A duplexer 234 for transmitting the radio frequency signal to the antenna and connecting the radio frequency signal received through the antenna, and a low noise amplifier 235 for amplifying the radio frequency signal connected through the duplexer 234. And an all-optical converter 236 for converting a radio frequency signal, which is an electrical signal transmitted from the low noise amplifier 235, into an optical signal and transmitting the converted optical signal to the wavelength division unit 231.

상기한 바와 같은 구조를 갖는 종래의 중계 장치의 동작에 대하여 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the operation of the conventional relay device having the structure as described above is as follows.

우선, 무선통신 기지국으로부터 단말기로 송신되는 과정에 대하여 설명한다.First, a process of transmitting from a wireless communication base station to a terminal will be described.

모국(220)은 무선통신 기지국(210)으로부터 전달되는 전기적신호를 전/광 변환부(221)를 이용해 광신호로 변환한 후, 파장분할부(222)에 연결된 광케이블을 통 해 자국(230)으로 송출한다.The mother station 220 converts an electrical signal transmitted from the wireless communication base station 210 into an optical signal using the pre / optical converting unit 221 and then burns the mark 230 through an optical cable connected to the wavelength division unit 222. Send it out.

그리고, 자국(230)은 광케이블에 연결된 파장분할부(231)를 통해 수신되는 광신호를 광/전 변환부(232)를 통해 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환한 후, 변환한 무선주파수신호의 전력을 전력증폭부(233)를 이용해 충분한 전력으로 증폭시켜 송출한다.In addition, the local station 230 converts the optical signal received through the wavelength division unit 231 connected to the optical cable into an electrical radio frequency signal through the optical / electric conversion unit 232, and then converts the power of the converted radio frequency signal. Using the power amplifier 233, amplified by sufficient power and sent out.

다음은, 단말기로부터 무선통신 기지국으로 송신되는 과정에 대하여 설명한다.Next, a process of transmitting from the terminal to the wireless communication base station will be described.

자국(230)은 안테나를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 저잡음증폭부(235)를 통해 증폭한 후, 증폭한 전기적 무선주파수신호를 전/광 변환부(236)를 이용해 광신호로 변환하여 변환한 광신호를 파장분할부(231)에 연결된 광케이블을 통해 모국(220)으로 송출한다.The station 230 amplifies the radio frequency signal received through the antenna through the low noise amplifier 235, and then converts the amplified electric radio frequency signal into an optical signal using the pre / optical converter 236 to convert the amplified radio frequency signal. The optical signal is transmitted to the mother station 220 through the optical cable connected to the wavelength division unit 231.

그리고, 모국(220)은 광케이블을 통해 자국(230)으로부터 전달되는 광신호를 파장분할부(222)를 통해 수신한 후, 수신한 광신호를 광/전 변환부(223)를 이용해 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환시켜 무선통신 기지국(210)으로 송출한다.In addition, the mother station 220 receives the optical signal transmitted from the local station 230 through the optical cable through the wavelength division unit 222, and then receives the received optical signal using the optical / electric conversion unit 223 to perform electrical radio frequency. The signal is converted into a signal and transmitted to the wireless communication base station 210.

그러나, 상기한 바와 같은 종래의 중계 장치의 경우, 고지 등과 같이 광케이블 포설이 불가능한 지역에는 중계 장치의 사용이 불가능하고, 무선통신 기지국중 일부는 구현상의 제약으로 인해 모국을 1개이상 설치하기가 불가능하여 무선통신 기지국에 1개 이상의 중계 장치를 설치하지 못하는 문제점이 있었다.However, in the case of the conventional relay device as described above, the relay device cannot be used in the area where the optical cable is not installed, such as a notice, and some of the wireless communication base stations cannot install more than one home station due to implementation restrictions. Therefore, there is a problem that one or more relay devices cannot be installed in the wireless communication base station.

또한, 종래의 중계 장치의 경우, 중계기의 광케이블 구간이 장거리이면, 광케이블에 의한 전송지연으로 인접 무선통신 기지국과 호의 연계가 곤란하며, 무선 통신 기지국과 종래의 중계 장치가 가시거리(Line of sight)로는 단거리 이지만 우회경로가 장거리일 때, 전송로 공급사 자체망에 의해 광케이블 구간이 장거리이면 전송로 임대비용이 너무 과다한 문제점이 있었다.In addition, in the case of a conventional repeater, if the optical cable section of the repeater is a long distance, it is difficult to link the call with an adjacent wireless communication base station due to transmission delay by the optical cable, and the wireless communication base station and the conventional repeater are line of sight. Although the road is short distance, when the detour path is long distance, if the optical cable section is long distance by the network provider's own network, the transmission line rental cost is too high.

따라서, 본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 모국을 무선통신 기지국내에 설치하지 않고 무선통신 기지국의 전파 서비스권내에서 무선으로 링크를 구성하여 서비스를 제공하고 광선로 구간을 단축할 수 있는 중계 장치를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a service and shortens the optical path by configuring a link wirelessly within the radio service area of the wireless communication base station without installing the mother station in the wireless communication base station. The purpose is to provide a relay device capable of doing so.

이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 이동통신 시스템에 있어 기지국과 음영 지역 내에 위치한 단말기간의 신호를 중계하는 옥외 장치에 있어서, 상기 기지국으로부터 안테나를 통해 수신받은 무선신호를 광신호로 변환하여 광선로를 통해 자신[모국]에게 연결된 자국으로 전달하고, 이 자국으로부터 광선로를 통해 수신받은 광신호를 무선신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 상기 기지국으로 전달하는 모국; 및 상기 모국으로부터 광선로를 통해 수신받은 광신호를 무선신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 해당 단말기측으로 전달하고, 이 단말기측으로부터 안테나를 통해 수신받은 무선신호를 광신호로 변환하여 광선로를 통해 자신[자국]에게 연결된 모국으로 전달하는 상기 자국을 포함하며, 상기 모국과 상기 자국간에 있어 1:1 연결 구조로서 단말기에 관한 무선 링크를 구성하되, 광파장분할방식을 이용해 하나의 광선로를 통해, 다운링크[기지국=>모국=>자국=>단말기로의 신호 경로] 및 업링크[단말기=>자국=>모국=>기지국으로의 신호 경로]를 구성하는 것을 특징으로 한다.According to an aspect of the present invention, an outdoor apparatus for relaying a signal between a base station and a terminal located in a shadow area in a mobile communication system includes converting a radio signal received through an antenna from the base station into an optical signal. A mother station which transmits to a local station connected to its own [mother station], converts an optical signal received through the optical path from the local station into a radio signal, and transmits the optical signal to the base station through an antenna; And converts the optical signal received through the optical path from the mother station into a wireless signal, and transmits the optical signal to the terminal through the antenna, and converts the wireless signal received from the terminal through the antenna into the optical signal and converts the optical signal into the optical signal through the optical path. The base station includes a mobile station for transmitting to a mother station connected to the mobile station, and configures a wireless link about a terminal as a 1: 1 connection structure between the mother station and the local station, through a single optical path using an optical wavelength division method, and downlink [base station = And a uplink (terminal => station => home station => signal path to base station] and uplink (terminal => local station => terminal).

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세하게 설명 한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 설명 예시도로서, 무선통신 기지국으로부터 방사되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 모국이 안테나를 통해 수신하여 광신호로 변환시킨 후 광케이블을 통해 자국으로 전송하고, 이어 자국은 광케이블을 통해 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환한 후 안테나를 통해 전송하고 있음을 나타내고 있는 것이다.3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relay apparatus constituting a wireless link according to the present invention, in which a mother station receives an electrical radio frequency signal radiated from a wireless communication base station through an antenna and converts the signal into an optical signal, and then transmits the signal to the local station through an optical cable. After the transmission, the mark indicates that the optical signal transmitted through the optical cable is converted into an electrical radio frequency signal and then transmitted through the antenna.

그리고, 자국이 안테나를 통해 수신되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환한 후 광케이블을 통해 모국으로 전송하면, 모국은 자국으로부터 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호 변환한 후 안테나를 통해 무선통신 기지국으로 방사한다.Then, when the local station converts the electrical radio frequency signal received through the antenna to the optical signal and transmits to the mother station through the optical cable, the mother station converts the optical signal transmitted from the local station to the electrical radio frequency signal through the antenna to the wireless communication base station To emit.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치의 일실시예 구성도이다.4 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a relay apparatus for configuring a link wirelessly according to the present invention.

도 4에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명의 중계 장치는, 무선통신 기지국으로부터 방사되어 전달되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환시켜 전송하고 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환시켜 무선통신 기지국으로 방사하는 모국(410)과, 광케이블(430)을 거쳐 모국(410)으로부터 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환시켜 안테나를 통해 전송하고 안테나를 거쳐 수신되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환시켜 광케이블(430)을 통해 모국(410)으로 전송하는 자국(440)을 구비한다. 여기서, 모국(410)은 무선통신 기지국으로부터 방사되는 전파신호를 수신할 수 있도록 무선통신 기지국의 서비스 권내에 설치된다.As shown in FIG. 4, the relay apparatus of the present invention converts an electrical radio frequency signal radiated and transmitted from a wireless communication base station into an optical signal, and transmits the converted optical signal into an electrical radio frequency signal. The optical signal transmitted from the mother station 410 and the optical station 410 via the optical cable 430 is converted into an electrical radio frequency signal and transmitted through an antenna, and the electrical radio frequency signal received through the antenna is converted into an optical signal. It is provided with a mark 440 to convert and transmit to the mother station 410 through the optical cable 430. Here, the mother station 410 is installed in the service area of the wireless communication base station so as to receive radio signals radiated from the wireless communication base station.

한편, 하나의 모국(410)에는 다수의 자국(440)이 연결될 수 있다.Meanwhile, a plurality of marks 440 may be connected to one mother station 410.

모국(410)은, 무선통신 기지국으로부터 수신되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 자국(440)으로 전송하는 송신단과, 자국(440)으로부터 수신되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환하여 무선통신 기지국으로 송신하는 수신단으로 크게 구성된다.The mother station 410 converts an electrical radio frequency signal received from a wireless communication base station into an optical signal and transmits the signal to the local station 440, and converts an optical signal received from the local station 440 into an electrical radio frequency signal to wireless It is largely comprised of a receiving end transmitting to a communication base station.

또한, 모국(410)은, 송신단과 수신단에 공통 연결되는 듀플렉서(411)와 파장분할부(412)를 구비한다. 여기서, 듀플렉서(411)는 모국(410)과 무선통신 기지국 간에 하나의 안테나를 통해 송수신이 원활히 수행되도록 하기 위한 것이다. 그리고, 파장분할부(412)는 하나의 광케이블(430)을 통해 모국(410)과 자국(440) 간에 송수신이 수행되므로, 송수신되는 광신호의 파장을 분리시켜 주어 모국(410)과 자국(440) 간에 원활한 송수신이 이루어지도록 하기 위한 것이다. In addition, the mother station 410 includes a duplexer 411 and a wavelength splitter 412 that are commonly connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Here, the duplexer 411 is to facilitate transmission and reception through one antenna between the mother station 410 and the wireless communication base station. In addition, since the wavelength division unit 412 transmits and receives between the mother station 410 and the local station 440 through one optical cable 430, the wavelength division unit 412 separates the wavelength of the optical signal transmitted and received by the mother station 410 and the local station 440. It is to ensure smooth transmission and reception between the ().

모국(410)의 송신단은, 듀플렉서(411)를 통해 수신되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 저잡음증폭부(413)와, 저잡음증폭부(413)에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 불필요한 신호를 제거하는 대역통과필터(414)와, 대역통과필터(414)를 통해 잡음이 제거된 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 저잡음증폭부(415)와, 저잡음증폭부(415)에 의해 증폭된 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 파장분할부(412)로 출력하는 전/광 변환부(416)를 구비한다.The transmitting end of the mother station 410 filters the low noise amplifier 413 for amplifying the electrical radio frequency signal received through the duplexer 411, and the radio frequency signal amplified by the low noise amplifier 413, thereby removing unnecessary signals. The band pass filter 414 for removing the signal, the low noise amplifier 415 for amplifying the radio frequency signal from which the noise is removed through the band pass filter 414, and the electric radio amplified by the low noise amplifier 415 The front / light conversion unit 416 converts the frequency signal into an optical signal and outputs the wavelength signal to the wavelength division unit 412.

모국(410)의 수신단은, 광케이블(430)에 연결된 파장분할부(412)를 통해 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환하기 위한 광/전 변환부(417)와, 광/전 변환부(417)에 의해 변환된 전기적 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 원하는 주 파수대역의 신호만을 통과시키는 대역통과필터(418)와, 대역통과필터(418)를 통해 통과된 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 저잡음증폭부(419)와, 저잡음증폭부(419)에 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 전송하기에 충분한 전력으로 증폭하기 위한 대전력증폭부(420)를 구비한다.The receiving end of the mother station 410, an optical / pre-conversion unit 417 for converting the optical signal transmitted through the wavelength division unit 412 connected to the optical cable 430 into an electrical radio frequency signal, and the optical / pre-conversion unit A band pass filter 418 for filtering the electric radio frequency signal converted by 417 to pass only a signal of a desired frequency band, and a low noise amplification for amplifying the radio frequency signal passed through the band pass filter 418. And a high power amplifier 420 for amplifying the low noise amplifier 419 with sufficient power to transmit the amplified radio frequency signal.

마찬가지로, 자국(440)도 광케이블(430)을 통해 모국(410)으로부터 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 송신하는 송신단과, 안테나를 통해 수신되는 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 모국(410)으로 전송하는 수신단으로 구성된다.Similarly, the local station 440 converts the optical signal transmitted from the mother station 410 through the optical cable 430 into an electrical radio frequency signal and transmits the signal through an antenna, and the electrical radio frequency signal received through the antenna is an optical signal. It is composed of the receiving end to convert to and transmit to the mother station (410).

또한, 자국(440)은 상기 송신단과 수신단에 공통 접속되는 파장분할부(441)와 듀플렉서(442)를 구비한다. 여기서, 파장분할부(441)는 전술한 바와 마찬가지로 송수신되는 광신호의 파장을 분리시켜 하나의 광케이블(430)을 통해 모국(410)과 자국(440) 간에 원활한 송수신이 이루어지도록 하기 위한 것이다. 그리고, 듀플렉서(442)는 하나의 안테나를 통해 자국(430)과 단말기 간에 송수신이 원활히 수행되도록 하기 위한 것이다.In addition, the local station 440 includes a wavelength division unit 441 and a duplexer 442 which are commonly connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Herein, the wavelength division unit 441 separates the wavelength of the optical signal transmitted and received as described above to allow smooth transmission and reception between the mother station 410 and the local station 440 through one optical cable 430. In addition, the duplexer 442 is for transmitting and receiving between the station 430 and the terminal smoothly through one antenna.

자국(440)의 송신단은, 파장분할부(441)를 통해 수신되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환하기 위한 광/전 변환부(443)와, 광/전 변환부(443)에 의해 변환된 광신호를 증폭하여 드라이빙(Driving)하는 구동 증폭부(444)와, 구동 증폭부(444)에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 원하는 주파수대역의 신호만을 통과시키는 대역통과필터(445)와, 대역통과필터(445)를 통해 통과된 무선주파수신호의 전력을 증폭시켜 듀플렉서(442)로 전달하는 대전력증폭부(446)를 구비한다.The transmitting end of the local station 440 is converted by an optical / electric converter 443 and an optical / electric converter 443 for converting an optical signal received through the wavelength division unit 441 into an electrical radio frequency signal. A driving amplifying unit 444 for amplifying and driving the received optical signal, a band pass filter 445 for filtering a radio frequency signal amplified by the driving amplifying unit 444 and passing only a signal having a desired frequency band; And a large power amplifier 446 that amplifies the power of the radio frequency signal passed through the band pass filter 445 and transfers the power to the duplexer 442.

자국(440)의 수신단은, 듀플렉서(442)를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 저잡음증폭부(447)와, 저잡음증폭부(447)에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 잡음을 제거하는 대역통과필터(448)와, 대역통과필터(448)에 의해 필터링된 무선주파수신호의 전력을 증폭하기 위한 저잡음증폭부(449)와, 저잡음증폭부(449)에 의해 증폭된 전기적 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 파장분할부(441)로 전달하는 전/광 변환부(450)를 구비한다.The receiving end of the local station 440 removes noise by filtering a low noise amplifier 447 for amplifying a radio frequency signal received through the duplexer 442 and a radio frequency signal amplified by the low noise amplifier 447. A band pass filter 448, a low noise amplifier 449 for amplifying the power of the radio frequency signal filtered by the band pass filter 448, and an electric radio frequency signal amplified by the low noise amplifier 449 It is provided with a pre / light conversion unit 450 for converting the light signal to the wavelength division unit 441.

상기한 바와 같은 구성을 갖는 본 발명의 중계 장치의 동작에 대하여 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.The operation of the relay apparatus of the present invention having the above configuration will be described in detail as follows.

우선, 무선통신 기지국으로부터 단말기로 전송되는 순방향 링크에 대하여 설명한다.First, the forward link transmitted from the wireless communication base station to the terminal will be described.

무선통신 기지국으로부터 방사되는 전기적 무선주파수신호가 모국(410)에 연결된 안테나를 통해 수신되면, 모국(410)의 듀플렉서(411)는 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 저잡음증폭부(413)로 전달한다. When the electrical radio frequency signal radiated from the radio communication base station is received through an antenna connected to the mother station 410, the duplexer 411 of the mother station 410 transmits the received radio frequency signal to the low noise amplifier 413.

그리고, 대역통과필터(414)는 저잡음증폭부(413)를 통해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 불필요한 신호들을 제거한 후 저잡음증폭부(415)로 전달하고, 이어 저잡음증폭부(415)는 필터링된 무선주파수신호를 증폭하여 전/광 변환부(415)에서 처리하기에 적절한 신호 레벨로 만들어 준다.Then, the band pass filter 414 filters the radio frequency signal amplified by the low noise amplifier 413 to remove unnecessary signals and transfers the unnecessary signals to the low noise amplifier 415, and then the low noise amplifier 415 is filtered. Amplifies the radio frequency signal to make a signal level suitable for processing in the pre / light conversion unit 415.

이렇게, 적정 레벨로 증폭된 무선주파수신호는 전/광 변환부(416)에 의해 광신호로 변환된 후 파장분할부(412)와 광케이블(430)을 거쳐 자국(440)내의 파장분할부(441)로 전송된다.In this way, the radio frequency signal amplified to an appropriate level is converted into an optical signal by the pre / light conversion unit 416, and then through the wavelength division unit 412 and the optical cable 430 wavelength division unit 441 in the mark 440. Is sent).

이와 같이, 모국(410)으로부터 자국(440)으로 수신된 신호는 다음과 같은 과정을 통해 단말기로 전송된다.As such, the signal received from the mother station 410 to the local station 440 is transmitted to the terminal through the following process.

모국(410)으로부터 광케이블(430)을 통해 수신되는 광신호가 파장분할부(441)를 통해 광/전 변환부(443)로 전달되면, 광/전 변환부(443)는 전달되는 광신호를 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환하여 구동 증폭부(444)로 전달한다.When the optical signal received from the mother station 410 through the optical cable 430 is transmitted to the optical / pre-conversion unit 443 through the wavelength division unit 441, the optical / pre-conversion unit 443 is an electrical signal transmitted to The signal is converted into a radio frequency signal and transferred to the driving amplifier 444.

이어서, 대역통과필터(445)는 구동 증폭부(444)를 통해 증폭되어 드라이빙되는 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 원하는 주파수대역의 신호만을 통과시킨다. 이렇게, 통과된 무선주파수신호는 대전력증폭부(446)를 통해 송신되기에 충분한 전력으로 증폭된 후 듀플렉서(442)와 안테나를 통해 단말기로 방사된다.Subsequently, the band pass filter 445 filters the radio frequency signal amplified and driven by the driving amplifier 444 and passes only signals of a desired frequency band. In this way, the passed radio frequency signal is amplified with sufficient power to be transmitted through the large power amplifier 446 and then radiated to the terminal through the duplexer 442 and the antenna.

다음은, 단말기로부터 무선통신 기지국으로 전송되는 역방향 링크에 대하여 설명한다.Next, a reverse link transmitted from a terminal to a wireless communication base station will be described.

단말기로부터 자국(440)에 연결된 안테나를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호가 듀플렉서(442)를 통해 저잡음증폭부(447)로 전달되면, 저잡음증폭부(447)는 전달되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭시켜 대역통과필터(448)로 전달하고, 이어 대역통과필터(448)는 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 불필요한 신호들을 제거시킨 후 저잡음증폭부(449)로 출력한다.When the radio frequency signal received from the terminal through the antenna connected to the station 440 is transmitted to the low noise amplifier 447 through the duplexer 442, the low noise amplifier 447 amplifies the transmitted radio frequency signal to pass the band After passing to the filter 448, the band pass filter 448 filters the amplified radio frequency signal to remove unnecessary signals and outputs the low noise amplifier 449.

이와 같이, 필터링된 무선주파수신호는 저잡음증폭부(449)를 통해 전/광 변환부(450)에서 처리되기에 적합한 신호 레벨로 증폭된 후, 전/광 변환부(450)에 의해 광신호로 변환되어 파장분할부(441)와 광케이블을 거쳐 모국(410)으로 전달된다.In this way, the filtered RF signal is amplified to a signal level suitable for processing in the pre / light conversion unit 450 through the low noise amplifier 449, and then converted into an optical signal by the pre / light conversion unit 450 The converted signal is transmitted to the mother station 410 via the wavelength division unit 441 and the optical cable.

전술한 바와 같은 자국(440)내의 신호처리 과정을 통해 모국(410)으로 전달된 광신호는 다음과 같은 과정을 거쳐 무선통신 기지국으로 전송된다.The optical signal transmitted to the mother station 410 through the signal processing in the station 440 as described above is transmitted to the wireless communication base station through the following process.

자국(440)으로부터 전달된 광신호가 파장분할부(412)를 통해 광/전 변환부(417)로 전달된 후 광/전 변환부(417)에 의해 전기적 무선주파수신호로 변환되면, 대역통과필터(418)는 변환된 광신호를 필터링하여 원하는 주파수대역의 신호만을 출력한다.When the optical signal transmitted from the mark 440 is transmitted to the optical / electric converter 417 through the wavelength division unit 412 and then converted into an electrical radio frequency signal by the optical / electric converter 417, a bandpass filter 418 filters the converted optical signal and outputs only a signal of a desired frequency band.

이렇게, 필터링된 광신호는 저잡음증폭부(419)를 통해 일차 증폭되고 나서, 다시 대전력증폭부(420)를 통해 무선통신 기지국으로 전송하기에 적정한 신호 레벨로 증폭된 후, 듀플렉서(411)와 안테나를 통해 무선통신 기지국으로 방사된다.In this way, the filtered optical signal is first amplified by the low noise amplifier 419, and then amplified to a signal level suitable for transmission to the wireless base station through the large power amplifier 420, and then the duplexer 411 and Radiated to the radio base station through the antenna.

본 발명의 기술 사상은 상기 바람직한 실시예에 따라 구체적으로 기술되었으나, 상기한 실시예는 그 설명을 위한 것이며 그 제한을 위한 것이 아님을 주의하여야 한다. 또한, 본 발명의 기술 분야의 통상의 전문가라면 본 발명의 기술 사상의 범위내에서 다양한 실시예가 가능함을 이해할 수 있을 것이다.Although the technical idea of the present invention has been described in detail according to the above preferred embodiment, it should be noted that the above-described embodiment is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that various embodiments are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

이상에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은, 무선통신 기지국으로부터 방사되는 무선주파수신호를 단말기로 중계하므로써, 다음과 같은 효과들을 갖는다.As described above, the present invention has the following effects by relaying a radio frequency signal radiated from a wireless communication base station to a terminal.

첫째, 광케이블 포설이 불가능한 지역에 무선통신 기지국과 무선으로 링크를 구성하여 중계 서비스를 실시한다.First, a relay service is established by wirelessly establishing a link with a wireless communication base station in an area where an optical cable cannot be installed.

둘째, 무선통신 기지국과 자국까지의 광케이블 구간이 길경우 전송 지연에 의해 인접 무선통신 기지국과 호의 연계가 않되는 것을 무선으로 링크를 구성하여 광케이블 구간을 최소화하여 해결할 수 있다.Second, if the optical cable section between the wireless communication base station and the local station is long, it is possible to solve the problem by minimizing the optical cable section by wirelessly configuring the link that is not connected to the adjacent wireless communication base station due to the transmission delay.

셋째, 무선통신 기지국과 모국 간의 구간을 무선으로 연동시켜 종래의 중계 장치의 광케이블 구간을 단축시켜 광선로 임대비용을 현저하게 절감할 수 있다.Third, it is possible to significantly reduce the optical fiber rental cost by shortening the optical cable section of the conventional relay device by wirelessly interlocking the section between the wireless communication base station and the mother station.

Claims (8)

이동통신 시스템에 있어 기지국과 음영 지역 내에 위치한 단말기간의 신호를 중계하는 옥외 장치에 있어서,An outdoor device for relaying signals between a base station and a terminal located in a shadowed area in a mobile communication system, 상기 기지국으로부터 안테나를 통해 수신받은 무선신호를 광신호로 변환하여 광선로를 통해 자신[모국]에게 연결된 자국으로 전달하고, 이 자국으로부터 광선로를 통해 수신받은 광신호를 무선신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 상기 기지국으로 전달하는 모국; 및The radio signal received from the base station through the antenna is converted into an optical signal and transmitted to the own station connected to the [home country] through the optical path, and converts the optical signal received from the local station through the optical path to the radio signal through the antenna A mother station delivering to the base station; And 상기 모국으로부터 광선로를 통해 수신받은 광신호를 무선신호로 변환하여 안테나를 통해 해당 단말기측으로 전달하고, 이 단말기측으로부터 안테나를 통해 수신받은 무선신호를 광신호로 변환하여 광선로를 통해 자신[자국]에게 연결된 모국으로 전달하는 상기 자국을 포함하며,Converts the optical signal received through the optical path from the mother station into a radio signal and transmits the signal to the terminal through the antenna, and converts the wireless signal received from the terminal side through the antenna to the optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the self [host] through the optical path. Includes said home country to the connected home country; 상기 모국과 상기 자국간에 있어 1:1 연결 구조로서 단말기에 관한 무선 링크를 구성하되, 광파장분할방식을 이용해 하나의 광선로를 통해, 다운링크[기지국=>모국=>자국=>단말기로의 신호 경로] 및 업링크[단말기=>자국=>모국=>기지국으로의 신호 경로]를 구성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A radio link for a terminal is configured as a 1: 1 connection between the home station and the home station, and a signal path to a downlink [base station => home station >> home station => terminal through a single optical path using an optical wavelength division method. And an uplink [terminal => station => signal station => signal path to base station]. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 모국은,The motherland, 상기 안테나를 통해 송수신되는 신호를 접속하여 주는 듀플렉서;A duplexer for connecting signals transmitted and received through the antenna; 상기 모국과 상기 자국간에 송수신되는 광신호의 파장을 분할하여 전달하는 파장분할수단;Wavelength division means for dividing and transmitting a wavelength of an optical signal transmitted and received between the mother station and the local station; 상기 듀플렉서를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 상기 파장분할수단으로 전달하는 송신단; 및A transmitter for converting a radio frequency signal received through the duplexer into an optical signal and transmitting the optical signal to the wavelength division means; And 상기 자국으로부터 상기 파장분할수단을 통해 수신되는 광신호를 무선주파수신호로 변환하여 상기 듀플렉서로 전달하는 수신단A receiver for converting an optical signal received from the local station through the wavelength division means into a radio frequency signal and transmitting it to the duplexer 을 포함하여 이루어진 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A relay device for configuring a link wirelessly. 제 2 항에 있어서,The method of claim 2, 상기 송신단은,The transmitting end, 상기 듀플렉서를 통해 전달되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 제1 증폭수단;First amplifying means for amplifying a radio frequency signal transmitted through the duplexer; 상기 제1 증폭수단에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 잡음을 제거하는 필터링수단;Filtering means for filtering out the radio frequency signal amplified by the first amplifying means to remove noise; 상기 필터링수단을 통해 잡음이 제거된 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 제2 증폭수단; 및 Second amplifying means for amplifying the radio frequency signal from which the noise is removed through the filtering means; And 상기 제2 증폭수단에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 상기 파장분할수단으로 전달하는 전/광 변환수단All / optical converting means for converting the radio frequency signal amplified by the second amplifying means into an optical signal and transferring it to the wavelength division means. 을 포함하여 이루어진 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A relay device for configuring a link wirelessly. 제 2 항에 있어서,The method of claim 2, 상기 수신단은,The receiving end, 상기 자국으로부터 상기 파장분할수단을 통해 전달되는 광신호를 무선주파수신호로 변환하기 위한 광/전 변환수단;Optical / electric conversion means for converting an optical signal transmitted from the mark through the wavelength division means into a radio frequency signal; 상기 광/전 변환수단에 의해 변환된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 특정 주파수대역의 신호를 통과시키는 필터링수단;Filtering means for filtering the radio frequency signal converted by the optical / electric conversion means and passing a signal of a specific frequency band; 상기 필터링수단을 통해 전달되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 제1 증폭수단; 및First amplifying means for amplifying a radio frequency signal transmitted through the filtering means; And 상기 제1 증폭수단에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 증폭하여 상기 듀플렉서로 전달하는 제2 증폭수단Second amplifying means for amplifying the radio frequency signal amplified by the first amplifying means and transferring the amplified radio frequency signal to the duplexer; 을 포함하여 이루어진 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A relay device for configuring a link wirelessly. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 자국은,The marks, 상기 모국간에 송수신되는 광신호의 파장을 분할하여 전달하는 파장분할수단;Wavelength division means for dividing and transmitting wavelengths of optical signals transmitted and received between the mother stations; 상기 안테나를 통해 송수신되는 신호를 접속하여 주는 듀플렉서;A duplexer for connecting signals transmitted and received through the antenna; 상기 파장분할수단을 통해 수신되는 광신호를 무선주파수신호로 변환하여 상기 듀플렉서로 전달하는 송신단; 및A transmitter for converting an optical signal received through the wavelength division means into a radio frequency signal and transmitting the converted optical signal to the duplexer; And 상기 단말기로부터 상기 듀플렉서를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 상기 파장분할수단으로 전달하는 수신단A receiver for converting a radio frequency signal received from the terminal through the duplexer to an optical signal and transmitting to the wavelength division means 을 포함하여 이루어진 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A relay device for configuring a link wirelessly. 제 5 항에 있어서,The method of claim 5, wherein 상기 송신단은,The transmitting end, 상기 파장분할수단을 통해 전달되는 광신호를 무선주파수신호로 변환하기 위한 광/전 변환수단;Optical / electric conversion means for converting the optical signal transmitted through the wavelength division means into a radio frequency signal; 상기 광/전 변환수단에 의해 변환된 광신호를 증폭하기 위한 제1 증폭수단;First amplifying means for amplifying the optical signal converted by the optical / electric conversion means; 상기 제1 증폭수단에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 특정 주파수대역의 신호를 통과시키는 필터링수단; 및Filtering means for filtering the radio frequency signal amplified by the first amplifying means and passing a signal of a specific frequency band; And 상기 필터링수단을 통해 전달되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭하여 상기 듀플렉서로 전달하는 제2 증폭수단Second amplifying means for amplifying a radio frequency signal transmitted through the filtering means and transmitting the amplified radio frequency signal to the duplexer 을 포함하여 이루어진 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A relay device for configuring a link wirelessly. 제 5 항에 있어서,The method of claim 5, wherein 상기 수신단은,The receiving end, 상기 듀플렉서를 통해 수신되는 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 제1 증폭수단;First amplifying means for amplifying a radio frequency signal received through the duplexer; 상기 제1 증폭수단에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 필터링하여 잡음을 제거하는 필터링수단;Filtering means for filtering out the radio frequency signal amplified by the first amplifying means to remove noise; 상기 필터링수단에 의해 잡음이 제거된 무선주파수신호를 증폭하기 위한 제2 증폭수단; 및Second amplifying means for amplifying a radio frequency signal from which noise is removed by the filtering means; And 상기 제2 증폭수단에 의해 증폭된 무선주파수신호를 광신호로 변환하여 상기 파장분할수단으로 전달하는 전/광 변환수단All / optical converting means for converting the radio frequency signal amplified by the second amplifying means into an optical signal and transferring it to the wavelength division means. 을 포함하여 이루어진 무선으로 링크를 구성하는 중계 장치.A relay device for configuring a link wirelessly. 삭제delete
KR1019990027866A 1999-07-10 1999-07-10 Relay device to establish a link wirelessly Expired - Fee Related KR100638794B1 (en)

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