KR100636377B1 - Apparatus and method for determining data transmission path for data balance between nodes - Google Patents

Abstract

1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for determining a data transmission path for data balancing between nodes.

2. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

The present invention solves the energy imbalance between nodes according to data transmission by determining whether to include a new path according to the energy value of the intermediate node and the energy performance consumed in delivering data of other nodes, and transmit data to each node. The objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for determining a data transmission path for equally providing an opportunity and thereby balancing data in a network.

3. Summary of Solution to Invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes, wherein the energy value (ENC) checking means for checking a current energy value (ENC) of each intermediate node according to a data transmission path determination request signal from the outside is provided. ; Data contribution value (CR) checking means for checking a current data contribution value (CR) of each intermediate node; And using the current energy value ENC of each intermediate node checked and confirmed by the energy value ENC and the current data contribution value CR of each intermediate node checked and confirmed by the data contribution value CR. And data transmission path determining means for determining and determining a data transmission path.

4. Important uses of the invention

The invention is used in ad hoc networks and the like.

Determining data transmission paths, energy values, data contribution figures, data balance between nodes, ad hoc networks

Description

Apparatus and method for determining data transmission path for data balance among nodes {APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING ROUTE PATH TO MAINTAIN DATA EQUITY AMONG NODES}             

1 is a view for explaining a data transmission path determination process for data balance between nodes in an ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes in an ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a data transmission path for data balancing between nodes in an ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4A to 4C are diagrams for describing a data transmission path determination process in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) according to the processing flow of FIG. 2.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

201: energy value (ENC) inspection unit 202: data contribution value (CR) inspection unit

203: data transmission path determining unit

The present invention relates to a data transmission method in an ad hoc network (Ad hoc Networks, etc.), and more particularly to an apparatus and method for determining a data transmission path for achieving data balance between nodes in an ad hoc network.

Typically, the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (hereinafter referred to as "TCP / IP") in the Internet is largely divided into three components: the host (computer), the physical network to which the host is connected, and the physical It includes routers that interconnect networks, and these components support the construction of physical networks using a wide range of Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) data link technologies.

TCP / IP in the Internet is a protocol that defines rules governing how data is exchanged in an equivalent computer network, and IP is an Internet protocol that provides a connectionless best effort data transfer service. Among the types of mobile networks using these IPs, the standardized standard is Mobility Support IP (hereinafter referred to as "Mobile IP"), which is similar to the type of wireless telephone used in a switch network. A host receives data from a base station connected to a wired network one hop away and communicates with it.

On the other hand, mobile ad hoc networks (hereinafter referred to as "MANET") are not only services of large communication networks such as the Internet in an economically disadvantaged or physically difficult environment to construct an infrastructure that requires multiple nodes. It is a network focused on supporting communication between nodes, and each node constituting MANET has no restrictions on freedom of movement and has limitations on resource usage and power usage. It cannot be used as it is.

In addition, the recent ubiquitous sensor network (hereinafter referred to as "USN") is a high-performance sensor installed around the real world to convert the things that occur in nature into digital information to be provided to humans as useful information. In addition, the information collected at each sensor node is transmitted to a human-managed computer along a path via another sensor node or directly. When data is transmitted through an intermediate sensor node in the USN, as in the case of MANET, the routing protocol in the wired network cannot be used as it is due to the limitation of resource usage and power usage.

As mentioned above, nodes in an ad hoc network such as MANET or USN have limited usage in terms of energy. In other words, the nodes consume a lot of energy because they function as a router for transmitting and receiving data as well as for transmitting data of other nodes. Moreover, the intermediate node in the position that transmits much data of other nodes consumes more energy than other nodes due to heavy router function. From this point of view, a study on the energy consumption of nodes in an ad hoc network should be conducted, and the scope of this should include not only reducing the energy consumption of the nodes, but also balancing energy consumption between nodes.

To this end, in order to balance energy consumption among nodes, an energy-aware routing method for transmitting data by selecting a path that consumes the least energy cost rather than using the shortest path when considering the energy of the node has been studied. These technologies simply focused on the energy balance between the nodes in the network. For example, each node may choose to choose the path with the least energy cost during the data path search before sending the data, or change the path with intermediate nodes that consume large amounts of energy during data transfer. It was to keep the amount of energy consumed evenly.

However, the aforementioned methods do not consider the data imbalance problem at each node. For example, if a node is not a sender or receiver of data, and is included in multiple data paths to deliver a large amount of data, the node consumes a large amount of energy in its routing function for delivering data. Not only does it quickly run out of energy, resulting in energy imbalance between nodes in the ad hoc network, but it also consumes energy in the process of transferring data from other nodes, which can generate, send, and receive its own data. There was a problem that the opportunity was deprived, resulting in data imbalance with other nodes.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an apparatus and method for determining a data transmission path for data balancing between nodes in an ad hoc network.

That is, in the present invention, when determining a path for transmitting data in an ad hoc network or the like, data transmission is determined by determining whether to include a new path according to the energy value of the intermediate node and the energy performance consumed in transmitting data of another node. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for determining a data transmission path for solving an energy imbalance between nodes, giving each node an equal opportunity for data transmission, and thereby achieving data balance in a network.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and will be more clearly understood by the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, it will be readily appreciated that the objects and advantages of the present invention may be realized by the means and combinations thereof indicated in the claims.

The apparatus of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the data transmission path determination device for data balance between nodes, the current energy value (ENC) of each intermediate node according to the data transmission path determination request signal from the outside Means for checking an energy value (ENC); Data contribution value (CR) checking means for checking a current data contribution value (CR) of each intermediate node; And using the current energy value ENC of each intermediate node checked and confirmed by the energy value ENC and the current data contribution value CR of each intermediate node checked and confirmed by the data contribution value CR. And data transmission path determining means for determining and determining the data transmission path.

On the other hand, the method of the present invention, in the data transmission path determination method for data balance between nodes, the energy value checking step of checking and confirming the energy value (ENC) of the intermediate node in accordance with the data transmission path search request; A data contribution value checking step of checking and confirming a data contribution value CR of the intermediate node; Including in the data transmission path as energy of the intermediate node is sufficient; Determining a data transmission path based on the energy value and the data contribution value as the energy of the intermediate node is in a range between a predetermined reference value; And determining a data transmission path based on the data contribution value as the energy of the intermediate node is not sufficient.

The above objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, whereby those skilled in the art may easily implement the technical idea of the present invention. There will be. In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that the detailed description of the known technology related to the present invention may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a view for explaining a data transmission path determination process for data balance between nodes in an ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, data is transferred along the existing data transmission paths (b, c, d). In this case, when a new path is found for data transfer between a source node (S) and a destination node (D) of data, an intermediate node (A, B) is included. The transmission path (a) may be a candidate path. In this case, when there is an intermediate node (A) having a predetermined reference value or less by checking the energy value and data contribution value of each intermediate node, the transmission path (a) transmits data of the transmitting / receiving nodes (S, D). The path is not determined and a new transmission path is searched accordingly.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of intermediate nodes in the existing data transmission path is one, and the number of intermediate nodes in the transmission path searched for new data transmission is two, but this is merely an example for description of the invention. Regardless of the number of intermediate nodes, it is possible to apply the same data transmission path determination method according to the present invention to the routing method used in the ad hoc network. That is, the present invention is applied to an ad hoc network in which data can be transmitted and received by wirelessly communicating between nodes constituting the network without an infrastructure such as MANET or USN.

Hereinafter, a process of determining a data transmission path according to a comparison between an energy value and a data contribution value of an intermediate node will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1.

The paths (b, c, d) on which data is currently being transmitted are from the transmitting nodes (1, 3, 5) to the receiving nodes (2, 4, 6) via the intermediate nodes (A, B). At this time, upon receiving a request to transfer data along a path (a) from the transmitting node S to the receiving node D via the intermediate nodes A and B, the energy value ENC of each intermediate node and Check the data contribution value (CR).

First, when the energy value ENC is compared with the constant energy reference value ENCc, and is less than or equal to the following, it is determined that the intermediate nodes A and B included in the corresponding path (a) have sufficient energy to determine the data transmission path. .

On the other hand, when the energy value ENC is greater than or equal to the energy reference value ENCc and is less than or equal to another energy reference value ENCth for preventing energy depletion of the node, the data contribution value CR of the intermediate node and the energy reference value ENCc , ENCth) to calculate the new energy reference value (ENCnth). Thereafter, the energy value ENC of the intermediate node is compared with the calculated energy reference value ENCnth, and the data transmission path is determined according to the comparison result.

If the energy value ENC of the intermediate node is greater than or equal to the energy reference value ENCth, it is determined that the intermediate node has a small amount of energy. In this case, the data contribution value CR and the constant contribution reference value of the intermediate node ( CRe) is compared to determine the data transmission path.

Through the above process, not only can each node control the amount of energy consumed by transferring data of another node, but also the data balance between the nodes is achieved by adjusting the type of data processed by each node.

2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes in an ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, an apparatus for determining a data transmission path for inter-node data balance in an ad hoc network according to the present invention may receive a request signal for determining a data transmission path within an ad hoc network from the outside to provide an intermediate path. Energy value (ENC) inspection unit 201 for checking the current energy value (ENC) of each intermediate node expected to be located at, the data contribution value () for examining the current data contribution value (CR) of each intermediate node ( CR) The inspection unit 202 and each intermediate node inspected and verified by the energy value (ENC) inspection unit 201 and the current energy value ENC of each intermediate node inspected and verified by the data contribution value (CR) inspection unit 202. And a data transmission path determining unit 203 for determining and determining a data transmission path using the node's current data contribution value CR.

At this time, the data transmission path determining unit 203 is included in the transmission path when the energy of the intermediate node is sufficient, and based on the energy value and the data contribution value when the energy of the intermediate node is within a range between a predetermined reference value. If the energy of the intermediate node is not enough, it is determined whether to include the transmission path based on the data contribution value so that each node transmits data of another node.

The operation of each component will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes in an ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate a mobile ad hoc network according to the processing flow of FIG. A diagram illustrating a data transmission path determination process in a MANET) is an exemplary view for explaining a data transmission path determination process applied to a reactive routing method of a MANET.

Although there are two intermediate nodes A and B in FIGS. 1 and 4, a process of determining a data transmission path will be described based on the intermediate node A adjacent to the transmitting node S. In addition, the two energy reference values ENCc and ENCth in the example of FIG. 4 are set to 0.5 and 0.9, respectively, and the data contribution reference value CRe is set to 0.5.

First, a data transmission path search request for data transfer between a transmitting node S and a receiving node D is received (301). For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the transmitting node S transmits a route request (RREQ: Route REQuest, hereinafter referred to as “RREQ”) to an adjacent node A to search for a data transmission path. As a result, node A receives the request message.

Accordingly, the energy value ENC of the intermediate node A, which is expected to be included in the data transmission path, is examined and verified (302). At this time, the energy value (ENC) is expressed as a relative value obtained by dividing the energy value consumed by the node up to the initial energy value when the node consumed no energy at all (initial state). That is, it is calculated as the energy value consumed so far / the energy value of the initial state. In FIG. 4A, when the intermediate node A receives the RREQ message from the transmitting node S, it checks its current energy value ENC. When the initial energy level is 10 and the energy level consumed so far is 7 The energy value (ENC) is calculated as 7/10 = 0.7.

In operation 303, the data contribution value CR of the intermediate node A is inspected. In this case, the data contribution value CR represents a ratio of the energy value consumed through the transmission or reception process of transmitting data of another node from the total energy value consumed by the node through the transmission or reception process. That is, it is calculated as the energy value consumed by the router role / the total energy value consumed by the node. Meanwhile, the data contribution value CR of a node may be calculated as the data amount (size) instead of the energy value of the node. This is because the energy value consumed through data transmission or reception is generally proportional to the size of the data. For this reason it is of course also possible to use other values calculated from the amount of energy. And when checking the data contribution value (CR) of the intermediate node (A) in Figure 4a, the energy level consumed while passing the data of other nodes is 4.2 and in this example the total energy level consumed by the intermediate node (A) In the case of 7, the data contribution value CR of the intermediate node A is calculated to be 4.2 / 7 = 0.6.

Thereafter, it is checked whether the energy value ENC of the inspected intermediate node A is less than or equal to the preset energy reference value ENCc (304). For example, in FIG. 4B, the energy value ENC is 0.7 and the energy reference value ENCc is 0.5 or more.

As a result of the check 304, if the energy value ENC of the inspected intermediate node A is less than or equal to the preset energy reference value ENCc, it is determined that the intermediate node A has a sufficient amount of energy and data transmission is performed. Included in the path (309). For example, in FIG. 4C, when the intermediate node A is included in its data transmission path, the RREQ message received from the transmitting node S is transferred to the adjacent intermediate node B. FIG.

On the other hand, if the energy value ENC of the checked intermediate node A is equal to or greater than a preset energy reference value ENCc, the energy value ENC of the intermediate node A is the energy of the node. It is checked whether it is less than or equal to an energy reference value (ENCth) indicating whether it is depleted (305). For example, in FIG. 4B, the energy value ENC is 0.7 and the energy reference value ENCth is 0.9 or less.

If the energy value ENC of the intermediate node A is equal to or less than the energy reference value ENCth, the check result 305 reflects the data contribution value CR of the intermediate node A and reflects the new energy reference value ENCnth. Compute (306). Here, the equation for calculating the new energy reference value (ENCnth) is as shown in Equation 1 below.

 ENCnth = ENCc + (1-CR) * (ENCth-ENCc)

Meaning of the energy reference value (ENCnth) calculated in Equation 1 is as follows. When the energy value ENC of the node is located between two predetermined energy reference values ENCc and ENCth, a new energy reference position is determined between the two energy reference values ENCc and ENCth. At this time, the new energy reference position approaches the high energy reference value ENCth in inverse proportion to the data contribution value CR of the node. For example, if each value in FIG. 4B is as described above, the new energy reference value ENCnth is calculated as ENCnth = 0.5 + (1-0.6) * (0.9-0.5) = 0.66.

Then, it is checked whether the energy value ENC of the intermediate node A is less than or equal to the calculated new energy reference value ENCnth (307).

If the check result 307, the energy value (ENC) of the intermediate node (A) is less than or equal to the calculated new energy reference value (ENCnth), the intermediate node (A) is included in the data transmission path (309), the intermediate node If the energy value ENC of (A) is greater than or equal to the calculated new energy reference value ENCnth, the intermediate node A is not included in the data transmission path (310). For example, since the energy value ENC is 0.7 and the new energy reference value ENCnth is 0.66 as described above with reference to FIG. 4B, the value is more. Therefore, the intermediate node A is not included in the data transmission path and ignores the RREQ message received from the transmitting node S.

On the other hand, if the energy value ENC of the intermediate node A is equal to or greater than the energy reference value ENCth, that is, when the intermediate node A does not have a sufficient amount of energy, the intermediate node ( It is checked whether the data contribution value CR of A) is equal to or less than the predetermined data contribution reference value CRe (308). Here, the reason for evaluating the data contribution of a node when a lot of energy of the node is consumed is that the contribution value represents the percentage of energy consumed by the node for other nodes.

As a result of the check 308, if the data contribution value CR of the intermediate node A is less than or equal to the predetermined data contribution reference value Cre, the intermediate node A is included in the data transmission path (309), and the intermediate node is included. If the data contribution value CR of (A) is greater than or equal to the predetermined data contribution reference value Cre, the intermediate node A is not included in the data transmission path (310). For example, in FIG. 4A, if the energy value ENC of the intermediate node A is 0.92 and the data contribution value CR is 0.3, the energy value ENC is equal to or greater than the energy reference value ENCth. The data contribution value CR is less than or equal to the data contribution reference value Cre. In this case, the intermediate node (A) is included in the data transmission path to deliver the RREQ message to the adjacent intermediate node (B). That is, even when the energy of the node is not large, when a small amount of energy is consumed for another node, the opportunity to process data of the other node is provided, thereby achieving a data balance between the nodes.

As described above, in determining the data transmission path from the transmitting node S to the receiving node D, only information that the energy state of the intermediate nodes A and B is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value is used. If one node is included in multiple paths and transmits a large amount of data but does not transmit / receive its own data, the node consumes a large amount of energy while transferring data from another node. At the time of sending his data, he ran into energy exhaustion. However, in the present invention, by using a data contribution value that includes not only the energy value of the node but also the amount of data transmitted from other nodes, the energy balance of the node is solved and the energy balance is achieved.

As described above, the method of the present invention may be implemented as a program and stored in a recording medium (CD-ROM, RAM, ROM, floppy disk, hard disk, magneto-optical disk, etc.) in a computer-readable form. Since this process can be easily carried out by those skilled in the art will not be described in more detail.

The present invention described above is capable of various substitutions, modifications, and changes without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention for those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is not limited by the drawings.

In the present invention as described above, in determining the path for transmitting data in the ad hoc network, etc., by determining whether to include in a new path according to the energy value of the intermediate node and the energy performance consumed in delivering data of other nodes, It solves the problem of energy imbalance between nodes due to data transmission, gives each node an equal opportunity for data transmission, and accordingly has an effect to balance the data in the network.

That is, the present invention includes in the transmission path when the energy of the intermediate node is sufficient, and determines whether to include the transmission path based on the energy value and the data contribution value when the energy of the intermediate node is in a range between a predetermined reference value. In case the energy of the intermediate node is not enough, each node transfers data of other nodes by determining whether to include a transmission path based on the data contribution value, thereby controlling the amount of energy consumed. The data flow can be distributed as a whole, which has the advantage of balancing data between nodes.

Claims (11)

An apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes, Energy value (ENC) checking means for checking a current energy value (ENC) of each intermediate node according to a data transmission path determination request signal from the outside; Data contribution value (CR) checking means for checking a current data contribution value (CR) of each intermediate node; And By using the current energy value ENC of each intermediate node checked and confirmed by the energy value ENC and the current data contribution value CR of each intermediate node checked and confirmed by the data contribution value CR. Data transmission path determining means for determining and determining a data transmission path Apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes comprising a. The method of claim 1, The data transmission path determining means, The energy of the intermediate node is included in the data transmission path when the energy is sufficient. If the energy of the intermediate node is in a range between a predetermined reference value, the data transmission path is determined based on the energy value and the data contribution value. And determining the data transmission path based on the data contribution value when the energy of the node is not sufficient. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The energy value (ENC) inspection means, An apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes, wherein the energy value consumed by the intermediate node so far is expressed by a relative value divided by the initial energy value of an initial state in which the intermediate node does not consume any energy. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The data contribution value (CR) inspection means, The data balance between the nodes is expressed by the ratio of the energy value consumed through the transmission or reception process of transmitting data of another node from the total energy value consumed by the intermediate node through the transmission or reception process. Data transmission path determination device for. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The data contribution value (CR) inspection means, And a data contribution value (CR) using a value calculated from an energy amount such as the data amount (size) of the intermediate node. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The data transmission path determination device, An ad hoc network that can communicate data wirelessly between nodes constituting the network without an infrastructure such as mobile ad hoc network or ubiquitous sensor network (USN). Apparatus for determining a data transmission path for balancing data between nodes, characterized in that applied. In the data transmission path determination method for data balance between nodes, An energy value checking step of checking and confirming an energy value ENC of the intermediate node according to a data transmission path search request; A data contribution value checking step of checking and confirming a data contribution value CR of the intermediate node; Including in the data transmission path as energy of the intermediate node is sufficient; Determining a data transmission path based on the energy value and the data contribution value as the energy of the intermediate node is in a range between a predetermined reference value; And Determining a data transmission path based on the data contribution value as the intermediate node does not have enough energy Method for determining a data transmission path for data balancing between nodes comprising a. The method of claim 7, wherein The determining step, As the energy value of the intermediate node is between a predetermined reference value, a new energy reference value is determined using the energy value and data contribution value of the intermediate node, and then the data is transmitted according to the result of comparison with the energy value of the intermediate nod. A data transmission path determination method for data balancing between nodes, characterized in that the path is determined. The method according to claim 7 or 8, The energy value checking step, A method of determining a data transmission path for inter-node data balance, wherein the energy value consumed by the intermediate node so far is expressed by a relative value divided by the initial energy value of the initial state in which the intermediate node does not consume any energy. The method according to claim 7 or 8, The data contribution numerical inspection step, The data balance between the nodes is expressed by the ratio of the energy value consumed through the transmission or reception process of transmitting data of another node from the total energy value consumed by the intermediate node through the transmission or reception process. Method for determining data transmission path The method according to claim 7 or 8, The data contribution numerical inspection step, And displaying a data contribution value (CR) using a value calculated from an energy amount, such as the data amount (size) of the intermediate node.

Images