KR100620350B1 - An electric blower - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a copper blower having high centrifugal force, small size, and high speed rotation. The disclosed electric blower includes: a rotor having a rotor winding to which an excitation current is supplied through a slip ring by a feeding brush and an electrode piece attachment ring to which a sensor brush for detecting a magnetic pole position is abutted; A stator having two poles and a stator winding; A casing which holds the stator and becomes a main wind path; And a centrifugal fan attached to the rotating shaft, wherein the permanent magnet is fixed to an inner wall of the yoke connecting the two magnetic poles of the stator, and the semiconductor is controlled by a signal of the sensor brush for detecting the magnetic pole position of the rotor. The switch is interrupted and the energizing current of the rotor winding and the stator winding is controlled.

Electric blower, centrifugal force, high speed rotation, permanent magnet, rotor winding

Description

An electric blower

1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing an overall structure of an electric blower in the present invention.

2 is a plan view showing a stator pole and a stator winding of the first embodiment;

3 is a side view showing a rotor having a slip ring and a sensor ring;

4 is a plan view showing a sensor brush and a sensor holder of the first embodiment;

5 is a plan view showing a sensor brush and a sensor holder of a second embodiment;

6 is a control circuit diagram of the first embodiment;

7 is a control circuit diagram of a second embodiment;

8 is an explanatory view of the principle of rotation in the present invention.

<Description of Major Symbols in Drawing>

1: electric blower 2: stator,

3: rotor 4: stator reel,

5: rotor windings 6a, 6b: casing,

7: centrifugal fan 8a, 8b: bearing,

10: anode brush holder 11: cathode brush holder,

20, 21: stator stimulation 32: slip ring,

32a: anode slip ring 32b: cathode slip ring,

32c: electrode piece attachment ring 33: anode brush,

34: cathode brush 40: sensor holder,

43a, 43b: sensor brush 50n, 50s: permanent magnet

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to an ultra-high speed electric blower that enables compact and light weight for use in an electric vacuum cleaner and the like. Further, the present invention can be used for a supercharger used at the start of a motor vehicle.

Conventionally, a universal motor is mainly used as a motor for an electric blower used in an electric vacuum cleaner. However, since this motor rectifies the armature current by the commutator and the brush, the brush life is shortened, and the speed exceeding 50,000 rpm It is difficult to use it at the time of high voltage driving of 200V system or the large capacity near 2Kw. Therefore, in recent years, synchronous motors under semiconductor control, particularly three-phase brushless DC motors, have been used. This motor has a long life, but since the permanent magnet is used for the rotor, the speed is still limited.

As the permanent magnet embedding motor of Japanese Patent No. 2823817 discloses a structure in which a magnet is embedded in the armature core, a type of the strength of the rotor is also available, but the strength is still insufficient. Conventionally, hall ICs are used to detect rotational positions, and three-phase inverter circuits using dedicated ICs are often used for the drive control circuit. In addition, the stator iron core forms a plurality of slots in the inner circumference to form a distributed winding, and has a structure in which cooling wind is less likely to pass through the gap between the rotor and the stator. In addition, the drive control circuit requires a smoothing capacitor, which requires a large space, which is expensive.

Such a synchronous motor has a problem that, when used as a semiconductor control motor requiring high speed rotation, the inner core strength is insufficient due to the structure in which the rotor has a permanent magnet. In addition, since the drive control circuit of the brushless DC motor is complicated, there is a problem that the storage space becomes large, which is contrary to the small size and light weight, and is expensive.

In addition, since the Hall IC used for the rotational position detection has a low use voltage, there is a problem that a low voltage power supply separate from the main power supply is required to be supplied into the motor, and that the Hall IC is susceptible to external noise such as switching noise. In addition, there is no cooling air path in the gap between the stator and the rotor, and there is a problem in that the blowing efficiency is lowered, the current density of the winding is increased, the size is reduced, and the material cost is reduced.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the rotor strength, cooling effect, and sensor of the above-described semiconductor control motor, and an object of the present invention is to provide a motor with a higher speed rotation while making the driving circuit compact and inexpensive. To provide an electric blower using a semiconductor control motor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric blower suitable for a vehicle supercharger.

In order to solve the object of the present invention, the electric blower of the present invention has a structure in which the rotor is not destroyed by centrifugal force by flowing a DC current through the rotor winding through a slip ring, a feeder, and a power brush. At the same time, the rotor cores are arranged at the same intervals and in the same slots in multiple slots, so that a good rotor balance can be obtained as an overlapping wire, and the strength of the core strength is improved.

In addition, the electric blower for solving the object of the present invention, a rotor having a rotor winding to which the excitation current is supplied through the slip ring by the power feeding brush and the electrode piece attachment ring to which the sensor brush for detecting the magnetic pole position; A stator having two poles and a stator winding; A casing which holds the stator and becomes a main wind path; And a centrifugal fan attached to the rotating shaft, wherein the permanent magnet is fixed to an inner wall of the yoke connecting the two magnetic poles of the stator, and the semiconductor is controlled by a signal of the sensor brush for detecting the magnetic pole position of the rotor. The switch is interrupted and the energizing current of the rotor winding and the stator winding is controlled.

Here, the rotor winding and the stator winding may be connected in series, intermittently controlled by one semiconductor switch, and may further include starting means for exciting the rotor winding alone.

In addition, the stator winding is composed of two different winding direction windings and connected in series with the rotor winding, controlled by two semiconductor switches, and configured to further include starting means for exciting the rotor winding alone. can do.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiment of this invention is described with reference to drawings.

1 is an electric blower of the present invention with one half cut in the longitudinal direction. 2 is a plan view showing a stator pole, a stator winding, and a main circuit power transistor. Fig. 3 is a side view of the rotor, and Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the electrode brush and the brush holder. In Fig. 1, the stator 2 is housed and fixed inside the cylindrical casing 6a. The rotor 3 is housed inside the stator 2, and both ends of the rotation shaft 9 are freely supported by bearings 8a and 8b attached to the central portions of the casings 6a and 6b. A centrifugal fan 7 is attached to the distal end of the rotating shaft 9, and a wind path from point A to point B indicated by an arrow is formed. The rotor 3 is provided with a slip ring 32 which is integrally provided with a sensor ring 32c as an electrode piece attachment ring. Further, the anode brush holder 10, the cathode brush holder 11, and the sensor holder 40 make the anode brush 33, the cathode brush 34, and the sensor brushes 43a, shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. 43b) is encountered.

As shown in the stator winding connection diagram of FIG. 2, the stator 2 has a bipolar magnetic pole structure of a concentrated winding, and has sufficient cooling between the cylindrical casing 6a of the casing and the rotor 3. It has a structure in which a wind passage is formed. As shown in Fig. 3, the rotor 3 includes an iron core 12 having a plurality of slots, a winding, a slip ring 32 (anode slip ring 32a, a negative slip ring 32b), and a sensor ring ( It is fixed to the rotating shaft 9. The sensor ring 32c has the metal part integral with the anode slip ring 32a which the anode brush 33 abuts, and the cathode slip ring 32b. At the same time, the resin ring is formed as the slip ring 32. The positive electrode slip rings 32a and 32b are respectively fabricated with the positive tungsten 37 and the negative tungsten 38, respectively. The rotor winding is wound around 5. In this embodiment, the sensor ring 32c is integrally formed with the slip ring 32, but may be a separate structure.

As shown in Fig. 4, the sensor holder 40 has a structure in which a holder metal 42 is attached to a holder substrate 41, and a sensor brush 43a is attached to the holder metal. When the rotor 3 rotates, the sensor brush 43a becomes a positive potential when abutted with the metal part of the sensor ring 32c integrated with the anode slip ring 33, and divides it to form a square wave. The case where a wave) voltage signal is obtained is shown as an example. In addition, the series sensor ring voltage and the slip ring voltage may be compared, and it may be used as a magnetic pole position signal by determining whether or not the potential is the same with a comparator or the like.

Next, the rotation operation will be described using the driving circuit diagram of the electric blower of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 and the explanatory diagram of the rotation principle shown in FIG. In the control circuit diagram of Fig. 6, the rotor windings 5 and the stator windings 4 are connected in series. The power transistor Tr1 of the FET is connected to one end of the stator winding 4, and the low resistance R1 is connected to ground. When a positive voltage is detected by the sensor brush 43a, a positive voltage of a voltage level appropriate for the sensor brush circuit is obtained, and Tr5 of the main drive circuit is turned ON. Then, Tr4 is turned off and Tr2 is turned on, and the power transistor Tr1 is turned on. In addition, the voltage of the resistor R1 is compared with the voltage of R22 by the comparator IC1. If an excess current of more than the allowable current flows, the output voltage of the comparator IC1 becomes high and turns on the Tr4, thus turning on the Tr3 to turn off the power transistor Tr1. The control circuit is provided.

8 is an explanatory view of the principle of rotation showing the relative positions of the rotor and the stator of the electric motor of the present invention. The sensor brush output of the electric motor of the present invention rotates by the same angle as the rotor 3 in accordance with the rotation of the rotor 3 to output high and low signals. First, a description will be given with reference to FIGS. 6 and 8 from the case where the rotor is at a relative relationship position between the stator and the rotor magnetic pole shown in FIG. In this position, the sensor brush 43a detects a positive voltage, and as described above, the transistors Tr4 and Tr3 of the main drive circuit are turned on, and the power transistor Tr1 is turned on so that the rotor is strong in the counterclockwise direction. Generate torque. When it is accelerated and rotated until just before the relative position in Fig. 8 (d) and the voltage of the sensor brush 43a cannot be obtained, the power transistor Tr1 is turned off and moves to a state in which no torque is generated. However, the rotor continues to rotate by the zigzag operation by the inertial force, and again through 8 (e)-> (h), the rotor becomes the state of FIG. 8 (a) again and acceleration is started again. In this way, when the initial position is started when the initial position is in the state of (a) to (c), since both the starting circuits 1 and 2 shown in FIG. 6 turn on Tr6 and Tr7, the capacitors C1 and C2) is in a short state, and this starting circuit is in a non-operating state.

Next, the case where the rotor 3 is in the state just before FIGS. 8 (d), (e) and (f) will be described. Since the sensor brush 43a does not detect the high voltage at this relative position, the power transistor Tr1 remains off. In this case, the starter circuit 1 of the driving circuit diagram of FIG. 6 operates, and the rotor 3 is operated by interaction between the permanent magnets 50n and 50s fixed to the inner wall of the stator rail and the rotor magnetic field. 8 (d) and 8 (e) all rotate counterclockwise to the position where the sensor brush 43a can detect the positive voltage. Subsequently, the power transistor Tr1 conducts by the operation of the main drive circuit described above, and continuously rotates in the normal counterclockwise direction. In the starter circuit 1, when an AC power source is connected, the pulsating voltage rectified by the diode bridge is divided by the resistors R11 and R12 to become a low voltage, and is time delayed by the time constant of R13 and C1. The SCR conducts so that the current limited by R10 flows through the rotor winding 5.

Next, the case where the rotor 3 is in the state of FIG. 8 (f) will be described. In this case, even if the starter circuit 1 operates and current flows in the rotor winding 5, the permanent magnets 50n and 50s are in the suction stable state with each other. It remains stationary. Therefore, the starting circuit 2 is provided. The starter circuit 2 is a base of the transistor Tr5 of the main drive circuit through the diode D2 whose current is given a time delay by the voltage smoothed in the capacitor C4 due to the pulsating voltage being divided into low voltage. Is applied to the power transistor Tr4, the Tr3 is turned off, the Tr3 is turned on, and the power transistor Tr1 is turned on for a short time. At this time, when the rotor 3 rotates clockwise by the action of the magnetic field and the rotor winding current by the stator winding, and reaches the position where the flue voltage is detected in the sensor brush 43a, the above operation is performed. By the normal counterclockwise rotation.

Next, the case where the rotor 3 is in the state of Fig. 8G will be described. In this case, when a current flows in the rotor winding 5 by the operation by the above-mentioned starter circuit 1, it reverses for a short time and reaches the position which can detect the signal of the sensor brush 43a. The power transistor Tr1 is brought into a conductive state and shifts to the normal continuous rotation.

Next, a description will be given of the case where the rotor 3 is in the state of FIG. The position at which the signal of 43a can be detected is reached. The power transistor Tr1 is brought into a conductive state and shifts to the normal continuous rotation. Here, two permanent magnets 50n and 50s are not necessarily required, and as shown in Fig. 8, they are not placed at positions symmetrical with respect to the center line, and one or both may be moved in the rotational direction. . In addition, it is clear that the logic due to the time delay at startup can be easily made by the microcomputer.

Embodiment 2 of this invention is demonstrated by the control circuit diagram of FIG. In the rotor, two brushes of sensor brushes 43a and 43b shown in Fig. 5 are provided, and in response to the respective detected voltages, the main drive circuit is operated so that the rotor winding 5 and the stator winding 4a or 4b) is supposed to be a woman. In the stator pole, two windings are implemented by bi-piler windings, and are connected so as to generate magnetic fields in opposite directions to each other, and 4a and 4b are provided. It is. As shown in the first embodiment, the rotation principle is operated by the starter circuit shown in Fig. 7 when the sensor brush signal is stopped at a position where the sensor brush signal cannot be obtained. Normal rotation is performed by the signal of the sensor brush 43a or 43b.

Since the present invention has a rotor winding structure for supplying an excitation current through a slip ring, it is possible to obtain a strong rotating body having high centrifugal force and to obtain a more compact and high speed electric blower. In addition, since the stator has a structure having a good ventilation cooling effect, the conductor diameter of the winding can be reduced, the copper weight can be reduced, and the efficiency can be increased. In addition, since it is possible to employ a partial winding method having a large excitation effect without uniformly sensing the coils in all slots of the rotor, there is an effect of suppressing heat generation and securing a cooling air path.

In addition, since the present invention includes a rotor excitation position detecting brush and controls the energizing current to the stator winding or the rotor winding by the potential signal of the magnetic pole position detecting brush, brush wear such as a universal motor does not occur. It can be stored in a small volume at low cost, and there is an effect of obtaining a long life electric blower. In addition, regarding a malfunction caused by noise, since a stable signal which cannot be compared with that of a hall IC can be obtained, there is an effect that there is no possibility of uncontrollable or out of phase.

Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, since the stator winding is connected to two transistors and is excited, the counter voltage applied to the power transistor can be reduced and the maximum current can be reduced by half. Inexpensive low voltage power transistors can be employed. In addition, there is an effect that the rotation is smooth, the vibration is reduced, the operation efficiency at high speed is increased, and the high speed operation is enabled.

In addition, the present invention can be configured as an electric blower having a rotational speed of about 100,000 revolutions per minute, and thus can be used as a supercharger having excellent economical efficiency for a vehicle such as an automobile or a motorcycle, and a conventional turbo charger. It is possible to obtain the effect that the drawback that the supercharge effect of the low rotation range such as is lowered.

In addition, the present invention can be utilized as a supercharger that is very small and easy to improve power. That is, although the conventional turbocharger used a direct current motor, the rotational speed of 10,000 rpm was the upper limit, but using the electric blower enables the rotation of 100,000 rpm. A new supercharger can be realized, which is very small and which is easily achieved with power improvement.

Claims (3)

A rotor having a rotor winding to which an excitation current is supplied through a slip ring by a feeding brush and an electrode piece attachment ring to which a sensor brush for detecting a magnetic pole position is abutted; A stator having two poles and a stator winding; A casing which holds the stator and becomes a main wind path; And, It includes; a centrifugal fan attached to the rotating shaft, The permanent magnet is fixed to an inner wall of the yoke connecting the two poles of the stator, the semiconductor switch is interrupted by a signal of the sensor brush for detecting the magnetic pole position of the rotor, and the rotor winding and the stator winding Electric blower, characterized in that for controlling the energizing current of the. The method of claim 1, And the rotor winding and the stator winding are connected in series, intermittently controlled by one semiconductor switch, and further comprising starting means for exciting the rotor winding alone. The method of claim 1, The stator winding is composed of two different winding direction windings and is connected to the rotor winding in series and controlled by two semiconductor switches, further comprising starting means for exciting the rotor winding alone. Electric blower.

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