KR100583324B1 - 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치 - Google Patents
유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100583324B1 KR100583324B1 KR1020037008876A KR20037008876A KR100583324B1 KR 100583324 B1 KR100583324 B1 KR 100583324B1 KR 1020037008876 A KR1020037008876 A KR 1020037008876A KR 20037008876 A KR20037008876 A KR 20037008876A KR 100583324 B1 KR100583324 B1 KR 100583324B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic
- pressure
- switching valve
- pilot
- pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/161—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
- F15B11/167—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load using pilot pressure to sense the demand
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2239—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
- E02F9/2267—Valves or distributors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
- E02F9/2271—Actuators and supports therefor and protection therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/161—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
- F15B11/165—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for adjusting the pump output or bypass in response to demand
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
- F15B2211/20553—Type of pump variable capacity with pilot circuit, e.g. for controlling a swash plate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
- F15B2211/20584—Combinations of pumps with high and low capacity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/265—Control of multiple pressure sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/3056—Assemblies of multiple valves
- F15B2211/3059—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for multiple output members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
- F15B2211/3105—Neutral or centre positions
- F15B2211/3116—Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/315—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
- F15B2211/3157—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line
- F15B2211/31576—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line having a single pressure source and a single output member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
- F15B2211/329—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50554—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure downstream of the pressure control means, e.g. pressure reducing valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/575—Pilot pressure control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/61—Secondary circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
- F15B2211/7142—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being arranged in multiple groups
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 적어도 하나의 유압 펌프, 상기 유압 펌프로부터 토출되는 압유에 의해서 구동되는 복수의 액추에이터, 상기 유압 펌프로부터 토출된 압유를 상기 복수의 액추에이터에 각각 공급하는 복수의 유량 제어 밸브, 파일럿 유압원, 상기 파일럿 유압원으로부터 조작 신호 압력을 생성하여 대응하는 상기 유량 제어 밸브를 전환 조작하는 복수의 파일럿 조작 장치, 상기 복수의 파일럿 조작 장치에 의해 생성된 조작 신호 압력 중에서 복수의 조작 신호 압력 군 각각의 최고 압력을 선택하는 셔틀 밸브, 상기 복수의 조작 신호 압력 군의 적어도 하나와 연관되어 설치되고 그 최고 압력에 따라 작동하여 상기 파일럿 유압원의 압력에 대응하는 제어 신호 압력을 생성하는 유압 전환 밸브, 및 상기 셔틀 밸브와 상기 유압 전환 밸브 모두를 내장한 셔틀 블록을 포함하고, 상기 셔틀 블록 내에서 상기 제어 신호 압력을 생성하고 이 제어 신호 압력에 의해 상기 유압 펌프의 조작기를 작동시키는 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치에 있어서,상기 파일럿 조작 장치에 의해 생성된 조작 신호 압력 중에서 붐 하강 단독 조작에 관한 조작 신호 압력에 따라 작동하고, 상기 파일럿 유압원의 압력으로부터 붐 하강용 제어 신호 압력을 생성하는 붐 하강용 유압 전환 밸브; 및선회 단독 조작에 관한 조작 신호 압력에 따라 작동하여 상기 파일럿 유압원의 압력으로부터 선회용 제어 신호 압력을 생성하는 선회용 유압 전환 밸브;중 어느 하나 또는 양자 모두를 상기 최고 압력에 따라 작동하는 유압 전환 밸브와는 별도로 상기 셔틀 블록에 내장시킨 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 붐 하강용 유압 전환 밸브 및 상기 선회용 유압 전환 밸브로부터 생성되는 제어 신호 압력이 상기 유압 펌프와 연관되어 설치된 조작기를 작동시키는 압력 신호로 이루어지는 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 붐 하강용 유압 전환 밸브와 상기 선회용 유압 전환 밸브 중 상기 최고 압력에 따라 작동하는 유압 전환 밸브와는 별도로 상기 셔틀 블록에 내장되는 유압 전환 밸브의 유로의 단면적이, 상기 유압 펌프의 조작기를 작동시키는 제어 신호 압력을 생성하는 유압 전환 밸브 중, 상기 붐 하강용 유압 전환 밸브 및 상기 선회용 유압 전환 밸브를 제외한 다른 유압 전환 밸브 내의 유로의 단면적에 비해 작게 설정된 것을 특징으로 하는 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 붐 하강용 유압 전환 밸브와 상기 선회용 유압 전환 밸브 중 상기 최고 압력에 따라 작동하는 유압 전환 밸브와는 별도로 상기 셔틀 블록에 내장되는 유압 전환 밸브의 스풀을 가압하는 스프링의 스프링 힘이, 상기 유압 펌프의 조작기를 동작시키는 제어 신호 압력을 생성하는 유압 전환 밸브 중, 상기 붐 하강용 유압 전환 밸브 및 상기 선회용 유압 전환 밸브를 제외한 다른 유압 전환 밸브의 스풀을 가압하는 스프링의 스프링 힘에 비해 강한 스프링 힘으로 설정된 것을 특징으로 하는 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001339621A JP3777114B2 (ja) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | 油圧作業機の油圧回路装置 |
JPJP-P-2001-00339621 | 2001-11-05 | ||
PCT/JP2002/011418 WO2003040573A1 (fr) | 2001-11-05 | 2002-11-01 | Dispositif de circuit hydraulique de machine hydraulique de travail |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20040016832A KR20040016832A (ko) | 2004-02-25 |
KR100583324B1 true KR100583324B1 (ko) | 2006-05-25 |
Family
ID=19153946
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020037008876A Expired - Lifetime KR100583324B1 (ko) | 2001-11-05 | 2002-11-01 | 유압 작업기의 유압 회로 장치 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7487609B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1452743A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3777114B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100583324B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1293312C (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2003040573A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100422451C (zh) * | 2005-03-28 | 2008-10-01 | 广西柳工机械股份有限公司 | 挖掘机全功率控制方法 |
JP4541209B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-09-08 | ナブテスコ株式会社 | 油圧回路 |
JP4922104B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-27 | 2012-04-25 | 株式会社クボタ | 旋回作業機 |
US8103628B2 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2012-01-24 | Harmonic Inc. | Directed placement of data in a redundant data storage system |
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-
2001
- 2001-11-05 JP JP2001339621A patent/JP3777114B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-11-01 CN CNB028034457A patent/CN1293312C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-01 US US10/494,447 patent/US7487609B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-01 WO PCT/JP2002/011418 patent/WO2003040573A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-01 EP EP02802708A patent/EP1452743A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-01 KR KR1020037008876A patent/KR100583324B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060080955A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
CN1484738A (zh) | 2004-03-24 |
WO2003040573A1 (fr) | 2003-05-15 |
EP1452743A4 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
EP1452743A1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
CN1293312C (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
US7487609B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 |
KR20040016832A (ko) | 2004-02-25 |
JP3777114B2 (ja) | 2006-05-24 |
JP2003139102A (ja) | 2003-05-14 |
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