KR100577841B1 - Composting method of organic waste such as food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing high-quality compost while reducing the occurrence of odor during the composting process of organic waste, such as food waste.

To this end, the present invention, the organic waste such as food waste, pre-treatment such as debris removal, crushing, dehydration, desalting and then transferred to the admixture (1) to inject a bulking agent and other additives After adjusting the water content to about 60wt%, it is sent to the fermentation aging process (4), and when fermentation is completed, it is transferred to the foreign matter selector (8) to reduce the odor and reduce the fermentation in the process of making the mature compost (10). Corrosive microorganisms and the mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms that excrete polyphenolic metabolites that convert organic substances into stable corrosive substances in the microbial culture process by using the leachate discharged from fermentation aging process (4). By cultivating the soil microorganism in the fermentation ripening process (4) to produce a mature compost while reducing the fermentation ripening period and reducing the occurrence of odor.

It is unusual to be widely used in organic waste composting process because the production of high-quality ripened compost is produced by reducing the cost of fermentation and operation, and reducing the cost of fermentation. It is expected to be.

Organic Waste, Corrosive, Fermentation Maturation, Corrosive, Odor, Composting

Description

Composting method of organic wastes the same garbage}

1 is a composting manufacturing process of the first organic waste

2 is a composting manufacturing process of the second organic waste

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

1: Mixer 2: Mixer Mixer

3: Transfer Conveyor 4: Fermentation Maturation Process

5: rotary mixer 6: shovel

7: Hopper 8: Foreign material sorter

9: Full Compost Transfer Conveyor 10: Full Compost

11: microbial activation tank 12: bio-reactor

13: Mineral and Corrosive Pellet Filling Layer

14: microbial culture tank 15: microbial concentration tank

16: Microbial Concentration Tank Rake 17: Microbial Transfer Pump

18: culture medium storage tank 19: culture medium transfer pump

20: Air blower 21: Microorganism activation tank circulation pump

22: magnet (permanent magnet or electromagnet) 23: rectifier

24: magnetizer 25: magnetite mass

The present invention is a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound that converts organic materials to corrosive substances using minerals and corrosives that can easily elute minerals during composting of organic waste such as food waste. By cultivating the excreted corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms that are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms, this culture solution is fed to the fermentation ripening process to reduce the odor and reduce the fermentation ripening period, and propose a method for producing a good mature compost will be.

In general, in the composting of organic waste such as food waste described above, swelling agents such as sawdust, rice hull, and bark are injected to adjust the water content by about 60wt%, and then the aerobic fermentation is carried out by inverting with a rotary mixer. In the early stages of carbohydrates, simple proteins such as simple proteins are easily decomposed by microorganisms, while the oxygen concentration drops, anaerobic microorganisms are active and decay occurs when ammonia (NH ₃ ), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), mercaptan ( Mercaptan), volatile amines, volatile alcohols, volatile organic acids… Bad odors occur as odorous substances occur, and pests such as flies breed and cause secondary pollution, and when anaerobic microorganisms are active, they produce metabolites that are harmful to plant growth such as butyric acid. Therefore, there is a problem such as lowering the quality of the compost.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, by using organic waste such as food waste to reduce the odor generated in the process of producing compost while producing a good mature compost in a short fermentation ripening period It is an object of the present invention to present.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a fermentation aging process after mixing the organic waste such as food waste, pretreatment such as debris removal, crushing, and desalting, followed by stirring and mixing by injecting swelling agent and other additives. Minerals and corrosive pellets that can easily supply minerals, or cultivate corrosive microorganisms that convert organic materials to corrosive substances by using magnets and magnetites, and soil microorganisms in mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms This reduces maturity and makes ripe compost in a short fermentation period.

Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

When recycling organic waste such as food waste into compost, salt and foreign substances are pretreated in the pretreatment process such as shredding, debris removal, and desalination, and then injected into the blender (1). Agricultural and marine by-products and slaughter If a foreign matter is a problem, such as a factory by-product, the foreign matter is removed in the pretreatment process and then injected into the admixture (1).

In order to inject organic waste such as food waste into the admixture (1), cheonmaeam is infused into the organic / inorganic ratio in the range of 0.8 to 10 in consideration of the type of crop, soil characteristics, and use. Alternatively, a swelling agent such as peat may be supplied at a moisture content of about 60 wt% for controlling moisture, improving porosity, adjusting C / N ratio, etc. It is then transferred to the fermentation aging process (4).

The organic waste introduced into the fermentation aging process (4) is inverted by a rotary mixer (5) and subjected to aerobic fermentation.In the early stages, materials that are easily decomposed by microorganisms, such as carbohydrate compounds and simple proteins, are decomposed to heat of decomposition. When the temperature rises, thermophilic microbes are activated, and harmful pathogenic microorganisms, pest larvae and eggs, and seeds of weeds are killed, and organic matter that is fed to the thermophilic microbes When depleted, mesophilic microbes become active as the temperature drops, and undigested, non-degradable organic matter reacts with the metabolites of microorganisms, converting them into stable corrosive substances, and when fermentation is matured, it is inserted. It is sent to the foreign matter sorter (8) by the separation to remove the foreign matter to produce a mature compost.

The reaction mechanisms (Mechanisms) in which the ripened compost produced in the fermentation aging process (4) are produced are as follows.

In the early stage of fermentation, carbohydrate compounds and simple proteins, which are easily decomposed by primary microorganisms, are decomposed into simple inorganic substances such as CO ₂ and H ₂ O.

At this time, when the oxygen supply is insufficient and becomes anaerobic, anaerobic microorganisms are activated, and organic materials include simple inorganic substances such as CO ₂ , CH ₄ , NH ₃ and H ₂ S, volatile amines, volatile alcohols, volatile organic acids, and mercury. Decomposition to low-molecular organic materials such as captans causes odors, so sufficient air (oxygen) must be supplied.

If the air is injected too much, the heat loss is severe, and if the temperature does not rise to 60 ℃, harmful pathogenic microorganisms, pest larvae and eggs, seeds of weeds, etc. contained in organic waste may not be killed. If the temperature rise is maintained for more than 80 ℃ for a long time, mesophilic microorganisms are killed and immature compost can be produced without ripening fermentation at the rear stage, and if the oxygen supply is insufficient, it becomes anaerobic and severe odor occurs. However, metabolic products of anaerobic microorganisms such as butyric acid, which are harmful to plant growth, can be produced. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the growth of anaerobic microorganisms with proper oxygen supply and moisture control.

In other words, when the reaction of ② occurs, a bad odor can be generated and microbial metabolites such as butyric acid, which are harmful to plants, can be produced, so that the reaction of ② should be operated to be suppressed as much as possible by supplying sufficient oxygen.

During the fermentation aging process (4), when the aerobic reaction such as ① occurs and the temperature rises due to the heat of reaction, the thermophilic microorganisms are activated and the harmful pathogenic microorganisms, pest larvae and eggs, seeds of weeds, etc. It will die, and a significant amount of water will evaporate.

If excessive moisture is evaporated due to the temperature rise here, fermentation aging may not occur smoothly in the latter stage, so it is good to adjust the water content by spraying leachate or the like.

When the nutrients that feed the thermophilic microorganisms disappear from the organic waste, the metabolic activity of the thermophilic microorganisms is slowed down and the mesophilic microorganisms are activated when the temperature drops.

Among the mesophilic microorganisms are actinomycetes, Bacillus mycoides such as Bacillus mycoides, Myxobacteria, fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Fusarium) corrosive microorganisms that excrete polyphenolic compounds, which convert organic substances into corrosive substances, as metabolites and soil microorganisms that are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms. Will be converted into matter.

Polyphenolic compounds are oxidized to quinone compounds by the catalysis of polyphenoloxidase in the air to produce hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), and hydrogen peroxide reacts with enzymes excreted by microorganisms to produce oxidase. do.

Quinone compounds are polycondensation reactions with materials such as lignin, cellulose, and tannin, which are difficult to decompose by microorganisms, and are converted into stable corrosive materials that are insoluble and nonvolatile in water. .

At this time, odor is generated by immobilizing substances such as ammonia (NH ₃ ), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), volatile amines, volatile alcohols, volatile organic acids, and mercaptans, which generate odors, to corrosive substances. This reduces.

The corrosive reacts with the active minerals contained in the coarse minerals of the soil to produce colloidal micelle in the form of chelate hydrochloric acid mineral complex.

In addition, corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms which have mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms maintain mutual antagonistic relationship by suppressing the growth of these microorganisms by suppressing the growth of antibiotics that inhibit the growth of decaying microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms causing odor. Done.

Therefore, if the growth environment conditions of corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms which are in symbiosis with these microorganisms are maintained in an optimal state, the occurrence of odor is suppressed.

Microorganisms such as filamentous fungi and Pseudomonas sp. Feed on corrosive substances and feed on plants such as vitamins (Vitamin), which are useful for plant growth, and hormones (Hormon), which are useful for plant growth. Excrete substances useful for growth;

The above-mentioned corrosive microorganisms that excrete polyphenolic compounds that convert organic substances into corrosive substances and soil microorganisms which have mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms have high mineral content in cell membranes or cell nuclei. When enough substances are supplied, the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms which are mutually symbiotic with these microorganisms becomes active, and anaerobic microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms that cause antagonistic decay are suppressed from growth.

The present invention in order to inhibit the growth of anaerobic microorganisms that cause odors by decaying organic substances to the maximum to prevent the reaction of the above ② to have a symbiotic relationship with the corrosive microorganisms that produce corrosive substances that are antagonistic relationship with anaerobic microorganisms Soil microorganisms are cultured and supplied to the front end of the fermentation ripening process (4), and the excess culture liquid is sent to the liquefaction process or wastewater treatment process.

As a culture medium for culturing corrosive microorganisms and soil microorganisms having mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms, leachate discharged from the fermentation aging process is supplied to the microbial culture tank 14, and air is blown from the blower 20 to aeration. While culturing the culture solution is sent to the microbial concentrator 15, the blue water is fed to the top to the culture medium storage tank 18, and then supplied to the front end of the high temperature fermentation step of the fermentation ripening process (4) by the culture medium transfer pump (19) , Microorganisms and microbial solids, which are corrosive precursors, are deposited in the lower part of the microbial concentrator (15), and microbial culture tank (14) and microbial activation are used for spawning by microbial transfer pump (17). While conveying to the tank 11, it supplies to the front end of the fermentation aging process 4, and the rear end of a high temperature fermentation part.

The microorganism activator 11 has marine corrosive colloid micelles containing a lot of rhyolite or dacite feldspar and chelating mineral fulvate that are easily supplied with minerals. A bio-reactor (12) filled with a colloidal micelle-shaped humus (peel) formed into pellets was installed, and air was blown from the blower 20 to the microorganism activator 11 and the organism. When the aeration is supplied while supplying to the reactor 12, the supplied microbial culture liquid excites the polyphenolic metabolite that converts the organic material into the corrosive material while circulating the packed bed 13 of the above-described mineral and corrosive pellets. Soil microorganisms, which are mutually symbiotic with corrosive microorganisms, are supplied with various minerals and other active substances necessary for growth, and have active metabolism and supply the activated microorganisms to the microorganism culture tank (14). The microorganism is switched to the environment atmosphere to grow as a dominant species (優 占 種).

As shown in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet or electromagnet having the magnetic flux density of at least 10,000 G (Gauss) magnetized by the microbial activating tank 11 of the microbial activating tank circulating pump 21. Circulating magnetizer 24 filled with magnetron mass (25) magnetized with magnetic field and magnetic flux density of 200G or higher) generates magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) voltage. The microscopic clusters of water molecules are reduced by the wave of the electrons, and the surface tension is reduced, and the penetration force is improved. Improves the metabolic activity of microorganisms.

The microbial culture liquid cultured in the culture step of culturing the corrosive microorganisms that excrete polyphenolic metabolites converting the above-mentioned organic substances into the corrosive substances and the soil microorganisms having mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms is subjected to the fermentation ripening step (4). When injected, the decay reaction of the reaction equation ② is suppressed as much as possible, and the odor generating material is converted into a non-volatile stable corrosion (bulb) material by the passivation reaction as in the reaction equation ⑦. Corrosion reactions from reaction equations ① and ③ to ⑨, which are useful reactions, occur actively, thereby reducing the fermentation ripening period.

And microorganisms such as actinomycetes and penicillium sp. Coexist with the reaction of the reaction formula and contain a large amount of antibiotics that inhibit the growth of rot and microorganisms that cause odor. Symbiotic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas sp., A fungus that excretes substances useful for plant growth, such as vitamins, which are useful for plant growth, and hormones, which are growth promoters, as metabolites. As the growth is also activated, the reactions of reaction formulas ⑪ and 일 occur actively, producing high quality compost containing a large amount of substances useful for plant growth.

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As is apparent from the above description, the present invention is to pre-treat organic waste such as food waste, pretreatment such as debris removal, crushing and desalting, and then injecting swelling agent and other additives, and stably corroding organic materials in the fermentation aging process. Odor generation is greatly reduced by supplying the cultured culture of corrosive microorganisms that convert into substances and soil microorganisms that have mutual symbiosis with these microorganisms, and it is possible to produce high-quality compost with a short fermentation ripening period. It is expected to be widely used in the composting process.

Claims (2)

① Organic wastes such as food waste are pre-treated such as removing foreign matters, crushing, and salts, and then injected into the composting machine (1) of the composting process. ② Next, cheonmaeam is added as an additive in an organic / inorganic ratio ranging from 0.8 to 10, taking into account the type of crop, soil characteristics, and use. (3) Next, sawdust or peat (peat) is supplied in the range of 60 wt% with a swelling agent (water control), followed by stirring and mixing with the mixer mixer 2. (4) Next, the leachate discharged while being sent to the fermentation aging process (4) and inverted by a rotary mixer (5) is supplied to the microbial culture tank (14), and air is blown from the blower (20) to aeration. The culture medium is sent to the microorganism concentration tank (15), and the upstream is sent to the culture medium storage tank (18), the sludge deposited under the microorganism concentration tank (15) by the microbial transfer pump (17) and the microorganism culture tank (14) Microorganisms with bio-reactor (12) filled with pellets filled with pyrites and luteite or daphite of minerals that are easily supplied with minerals The culture medium conveyed to the activation tank 11 and supplied with air from the blower 20 to the microorganism activation tank 11 and the bioreactor 12 and aerated to form a packed bed of mineral and corrosive pellets ( 13) activate microorganisms by circulating The step of supplying the corrosive microorganisms cultured in the microbial culture step sent to the culture tank 14 and the soil microbial culture medium and the concentrated microorganisms which are mutually related to these microorganisms to the front end of the fermentation ripening step (4) and the rear end of the high temperature fermentation part. To compost organic waste. A method for composting organic waste such as food waste by the above composting process. The permanent magnet or electromagnet (22) according to claim 1, wherein the microbial culture liquid of the microorganism activating tank (11) is magnetized by a microorganism activating tank circulation pump (21) with a magnetic flux density of 10,000 G (Gauss) or more. A method of composting organic waste such as food waste by a step of adding a facility for circulating a magnetizer 24 filled with a magnetite mass 25 magnetized with a magnetic field of 200 g or more.

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