KR100563047B1 - 양극 활물질 및 이를 이용한 리튬 2차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질 및 이를 이용한 리튬 2차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100563047B1 KR100563047B1 KR1020030051115A KR20030051115A KR100563047B1 KR 100563047 B1 KR100563047 B1 KR 100563047B1 KR 1020030051115 A KR1020030051115 A KR 1020030051115A KR 20030051115 A KR20030051115 A KR 20030051115A KR 100563047 B1 KR100563047 B1 KR 100563047B1
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- JFOZKMSJYSPYLN-QHCPKHFHSA-N lifitegrast Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(C[C@H](NC(=O)C=2C(=C3CCN(CC3=CC=2Cl)C(=O)C=2C=C3OC=CC3=CC=2)Cl)C(O)=O)=C1 JFOZKMSJYSPYLN-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical class [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (MnO2)-, e.g. LiMnO2 or Li(MxMn1-x)O2
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- C01G51/80—Compounds containing cobalt, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
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- C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
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Abstract
Description
또한 본 발명에서는 하기 화학식 2의 리튬계 양극 활물질로서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기의 비가 1:0.1-0.4이며, 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 Eg 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.9-3.5이고, 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 F2g 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.2-0.4인 양극 활물질을 제공한다:
상기식에서, 0.95≤x≤1.0, M은 Ni, Fe, Pb, Mg, Al, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, Mn 및 Cr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이며, A는 O, F, S 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 원소이다.
또한 본 발명에서는 탄소 재료를 주재료로 하여 이루어진 음극;
리튬계 화합물로 이루어진 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
상기 음극과 상기 양극 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터; 및
액체 전해질 또는 고분자 전해질을 포함하고,
이러한 양극 활물질을 사용하면 전지를 완성하기 전에 충방전 특성, 전지의 사이클 수명 특성 및 용량 특성을 예측할 수 있게 되어 필요로 하는 특성을 가진 전지를 효율적으로 생산할 수 있게 된다.
[화학식 2]
LixMA2
상기식에서, 0.95≤x≤1.0, M은 Ni, Fe, Pb, Mg, Al, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, Mn 및 Cr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이며, A는 O, F, S 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 원소이다.
더 나아가 본 발명에서는 탄소 재료를 주재료로 하여 이루어진 음극;
리튬계 화합물로 이루어진 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
상기 음극과 상기 양극 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터; 및
액체 전해질 또는 고분자 전해질을 포함하고,
이하 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명한다. 이는 예시적인 것이며 본 발명을 제한하는 것은 아니다.
구조 | 진동모드 | 피크위치 | I(육방정계 (Eg/A1g)) | I(스피넬 (F2g/A1g)) | I(육방정계(A1g) /스피넬(A1g)) | 반가폭 | |
실시예1 | 육방정계 | Eg | 482 | 0.93-1.02 | 0.27-0.29 | 0.34-0.38 | 9.6-10.7 |
A1g | 592 | 12.8-13.6 | |||||
스피넬 | F2g | 522 | 14.1-16.6 | ||||
A1g | 690 | 12.2-13.0 | |||||
실시예2 | 육방정계 | Eg | 482 | 2.07-3.49 | 0.23-0.37 | 0.06-0.14 | 11.4-13.3 |
A1g | 593 | 18.3-19.4 | |||||
스피넬 | F2g | 523 | 14.4-23.4 | ||||
A1g | 690 | 13.8-14.4 | |||||
실시예3 | 육방정계 | Eg | 481 | 1.48-1.57 | 0.24 | 0.18-0.21 | 9.3-11.3 |
A1g | 592 | 13.0-13.1 | |||||
스피넬 | F2g | 521 | 13.3-16.4 | ||||
A1g | 689 | 11.5-11.8 | |||||
비교예 | 육방정계 | Eg | 483 | 0.45-0.61 | N/A | 2.5-2.6 | 9.4-10.0 |
A1g | 592 | N/A | |||||
스피넬 | F2g | N/A | 13.2-14.3 | ||||
A1g | 690 | 13.3-15.1 |
Claims (16)
- 하기 화학식 1의 리튬계 양극 활물질로서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기의 비가 1:0.1-0.4이며, 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 Eg 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.9-3.5이고, 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 크 세기 대 F2g 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.2-0.4인 양극 활물질:[화학식 1]LixCoyM1-yA2상기식에서, 0.95≤x≤1.0, 0<y≤1이고, M은 Ni, Fe, Pb, Mg, Al, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, Mn 및 Cr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이며, A는 O, F, S 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 원소이다.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 니켈이 10 내지 1000ppm의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 육방정계 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 1의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭(Full Width at Half Maximum; FWHM)이 12.8-13.6이고, Eg 진동 모드의 반가폭이 9.3-11.3인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 1의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 12.2-13.0이고, F2g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 14.1-16.6인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 탄소 재료를 주재료로 하여 이루어진 음극;리튬계 화합물로 이루어진 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;상기 음극과 상기 양극 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터; 및액체 전해질 또는 고분자 전해질을 포함하고,상기 양극 활물질은 하기 화학식 1의 리튬계 양극 활물질로서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기의 비가 1:0.1-0.4이며, 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 Eg 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.9-3.5이고, 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 F2g 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.2-0.4인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지:[화학식 1]LixCoyM1-yA2상기식에서, 0.95≤x≤1.0, 0<y≤1이고, M은 Ni, Fe, Pb, Mg, Al, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, Mn 및 Cr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이며, A는 O, F, S 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 원소이다.
- 제 5항에 있어서, 상기 양극 활물질에 니켈이 10 내지 1000ppm의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지.
- 제 5항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 육방정계 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 1 의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 12.8-13.6이고, Eg 진동 모드의 반가폭이 9.3-11.3인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지.
- 제 5항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 1의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 12.2-13.0이고, F2g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 14.1-16.6인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지.
- 하기 화학식 2의 리튬계 양극 활물질로서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기의 비가 1:0.1-0.4이며, 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 Eg 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.9-3.5이고, 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 F2g 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.2-0.4인 양극 활물질:[화학식 2]LixMA2상기식에서, 0.95≤x≤1.0, M은 Ni, Fe, Pb, Mg, Al, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, Mn 및 Cr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이며, A는 O, F, S 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 원소이다.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 니켈이 10 내지 1000ppm의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 육방정계 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 2의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭(Full Width at Half Maximum; FWHM)이 12.8-13.6이고, Eg 진동 모드의 반가폭이 9.3-11.3인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 2의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 12.2-13.0이고, F2g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 14.1-16.6인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 탄소 재료를 주재료로 하여 이루어진 음극;리튬계 화합물로 이루어진 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;상기 음극과 상기 양극 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터; 및액체 전해질 또는 고분자 전해질을 포함하고,상기 양극 활물질은 하기 화학식 2의 리튬계 양극 활물질로서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기의 비가 1:0.1-0.4이며, 육방정계 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 Eg 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.9-3.5이고, 스피넬 구조의 A1g 진동 모드의 피크 세기 대 F2g 진동 모드의 피크 세기가 1:0.2-0.4인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지:[화학식 2]LixMA2상기식에서, 0.95≤x≤1.0, M은 Ni, Fe, Pb, Mg, Al, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, Mn 및 Cr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이며, A는 O, F, S 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 원소이다.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 양극 활물질에 니켈이 10 내지 1000ppm의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 육방정계 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 2의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 12.8-13.6이고, Eg 진동 모드의 반가폭이 9.3-11.3인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 라만스펙트럼 분석시 스피넬 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 2의 리튬계 화합물의 A1g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 12.2-13.0이고, F2g 진동 모드의 반가폭이 14.1-16.6인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 2차 전지.
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- 2004-03-04 CN CNB2004100074548A patent/CN1288777C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-29 US US10/834,067 patent/US7563540B2/en active Active
- 2004-06-25 JP JP2004187955A patent/JP2005044785A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101264363B1 (ko) | 2009-12-03 | 2013-05-14 | 주식회사 엘앤에프신소재 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 전구체의 제조방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1577924A (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
JP2005044785A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
US20050019661A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
KR20050012029A (ko) | 2005-01-31 |
CN1288777C (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
US7563540B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
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