KR100557879B1 - 완전 발효 퇴비 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
완전 발효 퇴비 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100557879B1 KR100557879B1 KR20050030240A KR20050030240A KR100557879B1 KR 100557879 B1 KR100557879 B1 KR 100557879B1 KR 20050030240 A KR20050030240 A KR 20050030240A KR 20050030240 A KR20050030240 A KR 20050030240A KR 100557879 B1 KR100557879 B1 KR 100557879B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
Description
더욱이 종래의 퇴비 제조 시에 생산량을 부풀리기 위해 채 발효되지 않은 분뇨의 상징수(上澄水)나 냄새 나는 침출수를 함께 포함시켜 불완전 발효 퇴비를 제품화하여 판매하자 사회적 문제를 일으키게 되었다. 이에 정부는 퇴비를 포함한 비료에 관한 농촌진흥청 고시에 따라 비료 중의 수분함량이 50% 이하가 되도록 규격기준을 만들었다. 이후 퇴비 제조업자들은 이 기준 수분함량을 맞추기 위하여 생산된 불완전 발효 퇴비를 건조장에서 다시 건조하거나, 이 건조비용을 줄이기 위하여 처음 발효단계에서부터 수분함량을 줄이는 것에만 노력을 기울이고 있는 실정이다. 퇴비의 발효 시 수분함량을 줄이게 되면 퇴비는 더 완전 발효가 일어나기 어려워져, 이러한 퇴비를 발효시키기 위하여 공기를 강제 주입하거나 인공 발효제를 추가하는 등의 인위적 요소에 더 의존하게 되었다.
본 발명은 혐기성 미생물을 이용한 발효기술이기 때문에 함수율을 높게 하여야 한다. 이는 종래 호기성 미생물을 이용한 발효와는 그 발효 원리를 달리한다. 즉 혐기성 미생물을 이용하는 본 발명에서는 뒤집기를 많이 해주어야 하고, 이는 원재료의 상하교체가 고르게 이루어지도록 하여 발효조건을 균일하게 유지해 주기 때문이다. 또한 본 발명에서는 원재료의 투입에서 배출까지 일괄작업을 통하여 발효조건의 변동을 적게하여 발효가 균일하게 이루어지도록 한다. 이에 따라 고른 품질의 완전발효 퇴비를 얻을 수 있다.
1일간 분해율 | 1㎏당 분해 발열량 | |
계분 | 2% 정도 | 4,800㎉ |
돈분 | 1.7 내지 2.0% 정도 | 4,800㎉ |
우분 | 1.5% 정도 | 4,500㎉ |
톱밥 | 0.7% 정도 | 4,500㎉ |
분쇄왕겨 | 0.5% 정도 | 3,000㎉ |
통왕겨 | 0.2 내지 0.3% 정도 | 3,000㎉ |
혼합구간 | 예비발효구간 | 본 발효 구간 | 최종발효구간 | 선별대기 | |||||||
131a | 131b | 131c | 131d | 131e | 131f | 141a | 141b | ||||
수분함량 (%) | 85 내지 90 | 85 내지 80 | 80 내지 77 | 77 내지 75 | 75 내지 70 | 70 내지 67 | 67 | ||||
온도 (℃) | 상온 | 상온 | 40 내지 60 | 70 내지 80 | 55 내지 60 | 30 내지 40 | 상온 |
항목 | 예비 발효 구간(120)과 본 발효 구간(131a) 사이 | 본 발효 구간(131d와 131e 사이) | 최종 발효 구간 (141b) | 선별단계를 거친 후 포장 대기 |
수분함량(%)(2) | 80.47 | 77.81 | 71.86 | 66.71 |
C.E.C(me/100g)(3) | 6.08 | 7.30 | 10.42 | 10.93 |
항목 | 질소(%) | 인산(%) | 가리(%) |
시험결과 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.263 |
항 목 | 규격기준 | 결과 |
질소(%) | - | 0.85 |
인산(%) | - | 2.13 |
가리(%) | - | 0.90 |
유기물(%) | 25 이상 | 42.34 |
유기물대질소비 | 50 이하 | 49.81 |
비소(㎎/㎏) | 50 이하 | 0.81 |
카드뮴(㎎/㎏) | 5 이하 | 0.27 |
수은(㎎/㎏) | 2 이하 | 흔적 |
납(㎎/㎏) | 150 이하 | 13.82 |
크롬(㎎/㎏) | 300 이하 | 8.00 |
구리(㎎/㎏) | 300 이하 | 100.79 |
니켈(㎎/㎏) | 50 이하 | 3.24 |
아연(㎎/㎏) | 900 이하 | 418.70 |
pH(6) | - | 8.01 |
전기전도도(ms)(6) | - | 1.87 |
수분함량(%) | 50 이하 | 46.76 |
염분(%) | 1 이하 | 0.15 |
침출수를 제외한 수분함량(%) | 냄새 | 파리의 접근 | |||
2주 경과 | 4주 경과 | 2주 경과 | 4주 경과 | ||
실시예 1 (선별대기단계) | 66.71% | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 |
비교예 1 | 45 % | 악취약간 | 악취심함 | 약간 마리 | 단위㎡ 당 수십 마리 |
Claims (9)
- 분뇨와 유기부산물을 발효장의 한 끝에서 일정비율로 투입하고 교반기로 상기 분뇨와 유기부산물을 혼합하는 단계;상기 혼합된 혼합물을 교반기로 퇴적시키면서 수분함량을 80% 이상으로 조절하는 예비 발효 단계;상기 예비 발효된 퇴비를 교반기로 반복하여 뒤집어 상기 혼합물에 공기를 공급하고, 수분함량을 75% 이상으로 유지하여 자연 발효시키는 본 발효 단계; 및상기 본 발효된 퇴비를 교반기로 반복하여 뒤집어 상기 본 발효된 퇴비에 공기를 공급하여 완전 자연 발효시키는 최종 발효 단계;를 포함하며, 상기 단계들은 동일선상의 발효장에서 상기 교반기의 일괄 교반작업으로 이루어지는 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 유기부산물은 짚, 왕겨, 미강, 녹비, 낙엽, 톱밥, 수피 또는 한약재 찌꺼기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나이상의 유기부산물인 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 혼합 단계에서 상기 분뇨와 유기부산물은 부피비 2:3 내지 3:2로 혼합되는 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 예비 발효 단계, 본 발효 단계 및 최종 발효 단계에서 상기 교반기로 매번 교반작업을 행할 때 마다 혼합물 또는 발효 중 퇴비가 예비 발효 단계 방향에서 최종 발효 단계 방향으로 일정한 거리 이동하여 퇴적되는 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 발효장의 최종 발효 단계 쪽의 다른 한 끝에서 연속적으로 일정한 양의 완전 발효 퇴비를 얻을 수 있는 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 발효장의 한 끝에서 투입된 분뇨와 유기부산물이 완전 자연 발효되어 상기 발효장의 다른 한 끝으로 완전 발효 퇴비가 나오기까지 60일 내지 90일이 소요되는 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 6에 기재된 완전 발효 퇴비의 제조방법에 의해 제조되는 완전발효 퇴비.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 완전 발효 퇴비는 65% 이상의 최종 수분함량을 가지는 완전 발효 퇴비.
- 삭제
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR20050030240A KR100557879B1 (ko) | 2005-04-12 | 2005-04-12 | 완전 발효 퇴비 및 이의 제조방법 |
PCT/KR2006/001309 WO2006109968A1 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2006-04-10 | Perfectly fermented compost and method for manufacturing thereof |
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KR20050030240A KR100557879B1 (ko) | 2005-04-12 | 2005-04-12 | 완전 발효 퇴비 및 이의 제조방법 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100974087B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-11 | 2010-08-09 | 조동현 | 낙엽을 이용한 퇴비 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR101313749B1 (ko) | 2012-10-23 | 2013-10-01 | 주식회사 해담 | 토양개량 효과를 겸비한 퇴비의 제조방법 |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN102336596A (zh) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-02-01 | 青岛润地丰科技有限公司 | 一种有机肥料及其制备方法 |
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JP2610176B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-27 | 1997-05-14 | 井上 敏 | 有機肥料製造装置 |
JPH07133177A (ja) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-05-23 | Masaru Hasaka | 有機性廃棄物の発酵堆肥化装置 |
KR960007514A (ko) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-03-22 | 이보응 | 왕겨를 주재한 유기성 폐기물 발효비료의 제조방법 |
JP2000001387A (ja) * | 1998-06-10 | 2000-01-07 | Sato Yotonjo:Kk | 環境保全型家畜排泄物の適正処理施設 |
JP2001302380A (ja) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-31 | Chikyu Kankyo Kaizen System:Kk | 堆肥製造装置 |
-
2005
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100974087B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-11 | 2010-08-09 | 조동현 | 낙엽을 이용한 퇴비 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR101313749B1 (ko) | 2012-10-23 | 2013-10-01 | 주식회사 해담 | 토양개량 효과를 겸비한 퇴비의 제조방법 |
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