KR100462352B1 - 열강화된소형개질기 - Google Patents
열강화된소형개질기 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100462352B1 KR100462352B1 KR10-1998-0708109A KR19980708109A KR100462352B1 KR 100462352 B1 KR100462352 B1 KR 100462352B1 KR 19980708109 A KR19980708109 A KR 19980708109A KR 100462352 B1 KR100462352 B1 KR 100462352B1
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- Prior art keywords
- reforming
- reformer
- plate
- reactant
- catalyst
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
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Abstract
Description
Claims (36)
- 작동 중에 반응물을 반응종으로 개질시키기 위한 판형 개질기에 있어서,개질을 증진시키기 위한 하나 이상의 촉매 재료를 갖는 다수의 촉매 판과 열 도전성 재료로 형성된 다수의 도전성 판을 포함하고 있으며,상기 촉매판 및 상기 도전성 판은 개질 구조를 형성하기 위해 차례로 적층되고, 상기 도전성 판은 개질 공정을 유지시키기 위해 평면에 열에너지를 도전 전달하는 판형 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 개질 가공은 하나 이상의 개질 반응을 포함하며, 상기 개질 반응은 두 개 이상의 반응 종 사이의 촉매 보조 화학 반응, 및 단일 종의 촉매 보조 열 해리 반응을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 상기 구조에 상기 반응물을 도입시키기 위한 적어도 하나의 축선 분기관, 및 상기 반응종이 상기 개질 구조물로부터 벗어나도록 하는 적어도 하나의 분기관을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 외부 환경과 열 에너지를 교환하기 위한 노출된 주변부 표면을 갖는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 상기 구조에 반응물을 도입시키기 위한 적어도 하나의 축선 반응물 분기관, 및 상기 개질 구조물의 주변부로부터 상기 반응종을 배출시키기 위한 주변부 배출 수단을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 주변부 축선 분기관을 형성하기 위해 상기 적층된 개질 구조 주위에 위치된 열 도전성 밀폐 하우징, 및 선택적으로상기 밀폐 하우징에 의해 포획된 상기 반응종이 상기 주변부 축선 분기관에 도입하도록 하는 수단을 더 포함하며,상기 열 도전성 밀폐 하우징은 외부 환경과 열 에너지를 교환하거나, 또는 복사, 전도, 및 대류중의 하나에 의한 상기 개질 구조 및 상기 도전성 판과 열 에너지를 교환하기 위한 수단을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 6 항에 있어서, 일정 기압이 유지된 개질기 작업을 허용하기 위한 원통형 배치의 밀폐 엔클로저를 더 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 판은 상기 도전성 판의 평면에, 등온 조건을 제공하기 위한 수단을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 상기 구조에 상기 반응물을 도입하기 위한 적어도 하나의 축선 반응물 분기관을 포함하며, 상기 도전성 판은 상기 판위에 일체식으로 형성된 유입 반응물을 예열시키기 위한 상기 축선 반응물 분기관을 연장시키는 연장 수단을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 판 및 상기 촉매판은 상기 반응물이 상기 판의 표면 위로 흐르도록 하기 위한 통로 수단을 갖는 평면을 포함하며, 선택적으로 상기 통로 수단은 상기 개질 구조의 축을 따라 반응물의 균일한 흐름을 제공하기 위해 균일한 압력 강하를 유지하고 있으며, 상기 통로 수단을 통한 상기 반응물 흐름 압력 강하는 상기 축선 분기관 내의 상기 반응물 흐름 압력 강하보다 더 큰 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 판 및 상기 열 도전성 판은 다공성 촉매 재료로 형성되며, 상기 다공성 재료는 유입 반응물이 상기 판의 적어도 일부분을 통해 흐르도록 하는 통로 수단을 형성하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 판은 실리콘 카바이드와 같은 비금속, 또는 합성재, 또는 알루미늄, 구리, 철, 스틸 합금, 니켈, 니켈 합금, 크롭, 크롬 합금, 백금, 및 백금 합금등의 금속으로 구성되며, 상기 촉매 판은 촉매 재료 피복물, 백금,니켈, 니켈 산화물, 크롬 또는 크롬 산화물을 갖는 세라믹 지지 판으로 구성되는 개질기.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 재료는 백금, 팔라듐, 니켈, 니켈 산화물, 철, 철 산화물, 크롬, 크롬 산화물, 코발트, 코발트 산화물, 구리, 구리 산화물, 아연, 아연 산화물, 몰리브데늄, 몰리브데늄 산화물, 및 다른 적합한 전이 금속 및 그 산화물로 구성되는 군으로부터 선택되는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 반응물은 탄화수소 종, O2, H2O, CO2, 알칸, 수산기, 카르복실기와 결합된 탄화수소, 카르보닐기와 결합된 탄화수소, 올레핀 탄화수소, 에테르와 결합된 탄화수소, 에스테르와 결합된 탄화수소, 아민과 결합된 탄화수소, 방향성 유도체와 결합된 탄화수소, 또는 다른 유기성 유도체와 결합된 탄화수소를 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 개질기를 벗어난 상기 반응 종에 외부 연료 전지를 결합시키기 위한 수단을 더 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 14항에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소 연료 및 H2O 및 CO2중 적어도 하나는 H2, CO, H2O, 및 CO2를 발생시키기 위해 흡열 촉매 개질을 겪으며, 흡열 개질에 필요한 에너지 요구량은 외부 연료 전지에 의해 발생된 에너지에 의해 공급되며, 상기 에너지는 평면 열 도전을 통한 도전 판에 의해 연료 전지로부터 전달되는 개질기.
- 제 16항에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소 연료 및 O2는 H2, CO, H2O, 및 CO2 를 발생시키기 위해 흡열 촉매 개질을 수행하며, 발열 연소 및 외부 연료 전지의 흡열 반응중 적어도 하나는 상기 도전성 판의 평면 열 도전을 통해 흡열 개질용 에너지 요구량을 보충하며, 상기 CO, H2O 는 CO2 및 H2를 형성하기 위해 촉매 변이 반응을 겪는 개질기.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 원통 형상이며, 상기 촉매판 및 상기 도전성 판중의 적어도 하나는 2.54 cm(1 inch) 내지 50.4 cm(20 inch)의 직경과, 0.005 cm(0.002 inch) 내지 0.51cm(0.2 inch)의 두께를 갖는 개질기.
- 작동 중에 반응물을 반응 종으로 개질시키기 위한 개질기에 있어서,개질 공정을 증진시키기 위해 판의 두께 전체에 걸쳐 하나 이상의 촉매 재료가 산재되어 있는 복합 열 도전성 재료로 형성되는 복수의 다공성 판을 포함하며,상기 판은 개질 구조물을 형성하도록 서로 적층되며, 상기 판은 상기 개질 공정을 지속하도록 상기 판의 평면에 열 에너지를 도전 전달하는 개질기.
- 제 19 항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 상기 구조에 상기 반응물을 도입시키기 위한 적어도 하나의 축선 분기관, 및 상기 반응 종이 상기 개질 구조로부터 벗어나도록 하는 적어도 하나의 분기관을 포함하며, 선택적으로 상기 개질 구조의 주변부로부터 상기 반응종을 배출시키기 위한 주변부 배출 수단을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 19항에 있어서,주변부 축선 분기관을 형성하기 위해 상기 적층된 개질 구조 주위에 위치되고, 외부 환경과 열을 교환하거나 또는 복사, 전도, 및 대류중의 하나에 의해 상기 개질 구조와 열을 교환하도록 배치된 열 도전성 밀폐 하우징, 및 선택적으로상기 밀폐 하우징에 의해 포획된 상기 반응종이 상기 주변부 축선 분기관에 도입하도록 하는 수단을 더 포함하며,상기 밀폐 하우징은 일정 압력이 유지된 개질기 작업을 허용하는 개질기.
- 제 19항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 상기 개질 구조를 통해 등온 조건을 제공하기 위한 수단을 포함하는 개질기.
- 제 19항에 있어서, 상기 개질 구조는 반응물을 상기 구조에 도입시키기 위한 적어도 하나의 축선 반응물 분기관을 포함하며, 상기 개질 구조는 상기 구조내에 일체식으로 형성되고 상기 반응물을 예열시키기 위해 상기 축선 반응물 분기관으로 연장하는 개질기.
- 제 19항에 있어서,상기 개질 구조 내에 형성된 축선 분기관, 및반응물이 상기 개질 구조의 평면내에 흐르도록 하는 통로 수단을 더 포함하며,선택적으로, 상기 통로 수단은 상기 개질 구조의 축을 따라 반응물의 균일한 흐름을 제공하기 위해 균일한 압력 강하를 유지하고 있으며, 상기 통로 수단을 통한 상기 반응물 흐름 압력 강하는 상기 축선 분기관 내의 상기 반응물 흐름 압력 강하보다 더 큰 개질기.
- 제 19 항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 재료는 실리콘 카바이드와 같은 비금속, 또는 합성재, 또는 알루미늄, 구리, 철, 스틸 합금, 니켈, 니켈 합금, 크롭, 크롬 합금, 백금, 및 백금 합금등의 금속으로 구성되며, 상기 촉매 재료는 백금, 팔라듐, 니켈, 니켈 산화물, 철, 철 산화물, 크롬, 크롬 산화물, 코발트, 코발트 산화물, 구리, 구리 산화물, 아연, 아연 산화물, 몰리브데늄, 몰리브데늄 산화물, 및 다른 적합한 전이 금속 및 그 산화물인 개질기.
- 제 19 항에 있어서, 상기 반응물은 탄화수소 종, O2, H2O, CO2, 탄화수소 연료를 포함하며, 상기 H2O, CO2는 H2, CO, H2O, 및 CO2 를 발생시키기 위해 촉매 개질을 겪으며, 외부 연료 전지의 발열 반응은 열 도전성 재료를 통해 개질 구조물의 흡열 개질 반응에 필요한 에너지 요구량을 보충하며,상기 반응물은 H2, CO, H2O, 및 CO2를 발생시키기 위해 촉매 연소 및 개질을 겪은 탄화수소 연료 및 O2를 포함하며, 발열 연소 및 외부 연료 전지의 발열 반응중 적어도 하나는 열 도전성 재료를 통해 상기 개질 구조의 흡열 개질 반응에 필요한 에너지 요구량을 보충하는 개질기.
- 제 19항에 있어서, 상기 개질기를 벗어난 상기 반응종과 외부 연료 전지와 결합시키기 위한 수단을 더 포함하는 개질기.
- 판형 개질기로 반응물을 반응종으로 개질시키기 위한 방법에 있어서,개질을 증진시키기 위해 연관된 하나 이상의 촉매 재료를 갖는 다수의 촉매판을 제공하는 단계와,열 도전성 재료로 형성된 다수의 도전성 판을 제공하는 단계와,판형 개질 구조를 형성하기 위해 상기 촉매판 및 상기 도전성 판을 적층시키는 단계와, 그리고상기 개질 가공을 유지시킥 위해 상기 도전성 판의 표면을 가로지른 평면이 열 에너지를 도전 전달하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서, 외부 환경과 열 에너지를 전달하기 위한 상기 개질 구조의 주변부 표면의 부분을 노출시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서,상기 구조에 반응물을 도입시키기 위한 상기 개질 구조 내에 다수의 축선 반응물 분기관을 형성하는 단계와, 그리고상기 개질 구조의 상기 주변부로부터 반응종을 배출시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서,일정 압력이 유지된 개질기 작업을 허용하기 위해 선택적으로 주변부 축선 분기관을 형성하기 위해 상기 개질 구조 주위에 열 도전성 밀폐 하우징을 위치시키는 단계와, 그리고상기 밀폐 하우징에 의해 포획된 상기 반응종이 상기 주변부 축선 분기관에 유입되도록 허용하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 판의 평면, 선택적으로 상기 개질 구조의 기다란 축을 따라 축선으로 등온 조건을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서,반응물을 도입시키기 위해 적어도 하나의 축선 반응물 분기관을 형성하는 단계와, 그리고상기 도전성 판의 외부 단부 및 내부 단부의 하나에 일체식으로 형성된 립 구조를 제공하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서,상기 개질 구조 내에 축선 분기관을 형성하는 단계와,상기 도전성 판과 상기 촉매 판 사이에 통로를 형성하는 단계와, 그리고상기 축선 분기관 내의 반응물 흐름 압력 강하보다 더 큰 상기 도전성 판과 상기 촉매 판 사이의 통로를 통해 반응물 압력 흐름 강하를 발생시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서, 상기 열 도전성 판 및 다공성 도전성 재료의 촉매 판중 하나를 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하며,상기 다공성 재료는 유입 반응물이 상기 판을 통해 통과하고록 하는 통로를 형성하는 방법.
- 제 28항에 있어서,상기 개질 구조를 외부 연료 전지에 결합시키는 단계와, 그리고상기 연료 전지에 의해 발생된 열 에너지를 평면 열 도전을 통해 상기 도전성 판에 전달하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
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KR100888204B1 (ko) | 2007-05-31 | 2009-03-12 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | 판형 개질기 |
KR101202485B1 (ko) | 2008-04-16 | 2012-11-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 세라믹 보드를 이용한 수성 가스 전환 반응기 |
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KR100599712B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-07-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템 및 개질기 |
EP4103510A4 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2024-10-16 | Maceda, Joseph, Peter | NEW ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, STACKS, MODULES AND SYSTEMS |
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US4174954A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1979-11-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for converting a reaction mixture consisting of hydrocarbon-containing fuel and an oxygen-containing gas into a fuel gas |
US5338622A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-08-16 | Ztek Corporation | Thermal control apparatus |
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US4174954A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1979-11-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for converting a reaction mixture consisting of hydrocarbon-containing fuel and an oxygen-containing gas into a fuel gas |
US5338622A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-08-16 | Ztek Corporation | Thermal control apparatus |
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KR100888204B1 (ko) | 2007-05-31 | 2009-03-12 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | 판형 개질기 |
KR101202485B1 (ko) | 2008-04-16 | 2012-11-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 세라믹 보드를 이용한 수성 가스 전환 반응기 |
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